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1.
Rev. mex. trastor. aliment ; 7(1): 32-39, ene.-jun. 2016. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-830591

RESUMO

Resumen: La falta de seguimiento del tratamiento por parte del paciente para el control y mantenimiento del peso representa un problema para el sistema de salud. Este estudio evalúa los resultados de una intervención para aumentar la adherencia terapéutica en mujeres con sobrepeso y obesidad por medio de la entrevista motivacional y la terapia breve centrada en soluciones cognitivo-conductuales. Se diseñó un estudio cuasi experimental, con evaluación pre y post tratamiento. Participaron 16 mujeres que padecían sobrepeso u obesidad y que llevaban un tratamiento para bajar de peso, divididas en grupo de intervención (10) y grupo control (6). Los instrumentos utilizados fueron: Cuestionario para evaluación de la adherencia terapéutica MBG, Cuestionario para medir adherencia a dieta y ejercicio (diseñado para el estudio) y cuestionario de sobreingesta alimentaria OQ. Los resultados muestran una tendencia a aumentar la adherencia en las mujeres del grupo de intervención, las cuales también mostraron mayor implicación personal y percepción de apoyo social. Estas variables, en conjunto con el apoyo psicológico, favorecen la adherencia terapéutica. Es necesario ampliar la muestra y el número de sesiones y controlar algunas de las condiciones de la aplicación de la intervención para obtener resultados concluyentes.


Abstract: Lack of follow up treatment for weight control and maintenance by Mexican women represents a serious problem for the health system. This study assess an intervention to increase adherence in women with overweight and obesity through motivational interviewing combined with brief therapy centered in problem solving cognitive behavioral. A quasi-experimental study was designed, with pre and post treatment evaluation. The sample was composed of 16 overweight or obese women who were in nutritional treatment in a public clinic. They were assigned to an experimental group (10) or to a control group (6). They were assessed by the Questionnaire for evaluation of therapeutic adherence MBG; Questionnaire to measure adherence to diet and exercise (designed for the study); and OQ overeating food questionnaire. The results show a tendency to increase adherence in the experimental group, which also showed greater personal involvement and perceived social support. These variables, along with psychological support, promote adherence. It is necessary to broaden the sample, the number of sessions and control some of the conditions of implementation of the intervention to obtain more conclusive results.

2.
Psicothema (Oviedo) ; 27(4): 381-387, nov. 2015. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-144359

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Studies reporting similar figures of couple (man-woman) violence and works questioning the validity of the instruments employed have generated controversy about the conceptualization of this construct. One of the critical issues is the different ways of perceiving violence between men and women, as well as its nature in the cultural context. This may affect self-reported answers. METHOD: A questionnaire evaluating the degree of violence perceived in ten kinds of psychological partner abuse was applied. 1750 students from Spain and Mexico, all of them randomly selected, completed it.RESULTS: Through MANOVA, greater perception of violence in the Spanish sample than in the Mexican one was obtained; in both countries, there was a greater perception in women than in men. Effects of gender-culture interaction were obtained in four dimensions: Isolation, Sexual Pressure, Emotional Manipulation, and Dominance. Multidimensional scaling showed two perceived dimensions: (1) «Proactive-Passive Tactics», stronger in the Spanish culture and (2) «Punitive-Emotional Tactics», stronger in the Mexican culture. CONCLUSIONS: These results confirm gender-culture effects in perception of psychological violence in the partner


ANTECEDENTES: estudios que reportan cifras similares de violencia de pareja en mujeres y hombres, y trabajos que cuestionan la validez de los instrumentos utilizados, han generado controversia sobre la conceptualización de este constructo. Una de las cuestiones críticas es la diferente forma de percibir la violencia que tienen hombres y mujeres, así como la naturalización de la misma en el contexto cultural. Esto podría afectar a las respuestas de autoinforme. MÉTODO: se aplicó un cuestionario que evalúa el grado de violencia percibida en diez formas de abuso psicológico en la pareja. 1750 estudiantes de España y México, seleccionados por muestreo incidental, respondieron al cuestionario. RESULTADOS:mediante MANOVA se obtiene mayor percepción de la violencia en la muestra española que en la mexicana, y en ambos países mayor percepción en las mujeres que en los hombres. Se obtienen efectos de interacción género*cultura en cuatro dimensiones: Aislamiento, Presión Sexual, Manipulación Emocional, y Dominación. El escalamiento multidimensional muestra dos dimensiones percibidas: (1) «Tácticas Proactivas-Pasivas» con mayor peso en cultura española, y (2) «Tácticas Punitivas-Emocionales» con mayor peso en cultura mexicana. CONCLUSIONES: Estos resultados confirman los efectos del género y la cultura sobre la percepción de la violencia psicológica en la pareja


Assuntos
Humanos , Violência/psicologia , Violência contra a Mulher , Maus-Tratos Conjugais/psicologia , Parceiros Sexuais/psicologia , Fatores Culturais , Fatores de Risco
3.
Psicothema ; 27(4): 381-7, 2015.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26493577

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Studies reporting similar figures of couple (man-woman) violence and works questioning the validity of the instruments employed have generated controversy about the conceptualization of this construct. One of the critical issues is the different ways of perceiving violence between men and women, as well as its nature in the cultural context. This may affect self-reported answers. METHOD: A questionnaire evaluating the degree of violence perceived in ten kinds of psychological partner abuse was applied. 1750 students from Spain and Mexico, all of them randomly selected, completed it. RESULTS: Through MANOVA, greater perception of violence in the Spanish sample than in the Mexican one was obtained; in both countries, there was a greater perception in women than in men. Effects of gender-culture interaction were obtained in four dimensions: Isolation, Sexual Pressure, Emotional Manipulation, and Dominance. Multidimensional scaling showed two perceived dimensions: (1) "Proactive-Passive Tactics", stronger in the Spanish culture and (2) "Punitive-Emotional Tactics", stronger in the Mexican culture. CONCLUSIONS: These results confirm gender-culture effects in perception of psychological violence in the partner.


Assuntos
Bullying , Características Culturais , Violência por Parceiro Íntimo/psicologia , Homens/psicologia , Percepção Social , Mulheres/psicologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Dominação-Subordinação , Emoções , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México , Punição , Estudos de Amostragem , Espanha , Inquéritos e Questionários , Simbolismo , Adulto Jovem
4.
Psicooncología (Pozuelo de Alarcón) ; 12(1): 129-140, jun. 2015. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-138199

RESUMO

Objetivo: Mostrar la eficacia de la terapia cognitivo conductual en una muestra de pacientes diagnosticadas con cáncer de mama, con el fin de disminuir niveles de ansiedad y depresión, desarrollar habilidades de afrontamiento positivo para mejorar la percepción de calidad de vida. Método: Se utilizó una muestra de quince pacientes que se encontraban en tratamiento activo, atendidas en el área de oncología del Hospital Central "Dr. Ignacio Morones Prieto" del estado de San Luis Potosí, México, las cuales accedieron a participar en el estudio, firmando un consentimiento informado. El diseño de intervención fue de un grupo, muestreado por conveniencia, se aplicaron las pruebas antes y posterior al tratamiento. Para la medición de las variables, se utilizaron las pruebas HAD (Escala de Ansiedad y Depresión Hospitalaria), Whoqol Bref (percepción de calidad de vida) y la escala CAEPO (cuestionario de afrontamiento al estrés para pacientes oncológicos). La terapia cognitivo conductual fue individual con una media de 10 sesiones, basándonos en un manual de tratamiento cognitivo conductual, previamente elaborado. Resultados: Las pacientes que participaron en la intervención individual mostraron diferencias estadística y clínicamente significativas en calidad de vida, en el dominio de salud física t(14) = -2,75, p = 0,016 y relaciones interpersonales t(14) = -2,17, p = 0,048, en la subescala de ansiedad, t(23,3) = -2,35, p = 0,027 y en la escala global del HAD, t(14) = 2,81, p = 0,014 y en la subescala de la negación como tipo de afrontamiento w = 74, p = 0,048. Se concluye que la terapia cognitivo conductual demostró eficacia en la muestra estudiada


Objective: The aim of this study was to show the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy in a sample of patients with breast cancer, in order to reduce levels of anxiety and depression, and develop positive coping skills to improve the perception of quality of life. Method: The study subject were a sample of fifteen patients that had accepted to collaborate in the study, they signed an informed consent. They were receiving treatment in the area of oncology at Hospital Central "Dr. Ignacio Morones Prieto" of the state of San Luis Potosi, Mexico. The study began with one group of individual intervention, in a convenience sampling; with a measure of pre and posttest. We used three standardized test to measure the progress of the intervention. We used, the HADS (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), Whoqol Bref test (quality of life) and CAEPO (stress coping questionnaire for cancer patients). We used individual cognitive behavioral therapy an average of ten sessions for person, determined on the basis of a cognitive behavioral treatment manual, previously developed. Results: There have been certain statistically and clinically significant differences, we found among patients who participated in the study. In quality of life we observed differences on physical health domain, t = -2.75, p = 0.016 and social relationships t = -2.17, p = 0.048, We also found differences, in the anxiety subscale t = 2.35, p = 0.027 and overall HAD scale, t = 2.81, p = 0.014. With coping we observed differences, on denial sub-scale, W = 74, p = 0.048. It is concluded that cognitive behavioral therapy proved efficacy in the study sample


Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Depressão/epidemiologia , Neoplasias da Mama/psicologia , Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental/métodos , Adaptação Psicológica , Avaliação de Resultado de Intervenções Terapêuticas , Qualidade de Vida , Perfil de Impacto da Doença , Apoio Social
5.
Univ. psychol ; 14(1): 125-136, ene.-mar. 2015. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-765710

RESUMO

En este trabajo, se analizan las propiedades psicométricas de la versión española (Sanz, Navarro, & Vázquez, 2003) del Inventario para la Depresión de Beck ([BDI-II]; Beck, Steer, & Brown, 1996) en muestras mexicanas no clínicas: 474 estudiantes universitarios y 478 personas de población general. La consistencia interna resultó satisfactoria en ambas muestras siendo alfa de Cronbach 0.901 para la muestra total. Los resultados coinciden con los reportados en estudios previos españoles (Sanz, Navarro & Vázquez, 2003; Sanz, Perdigón & Vazquez, 2003) acerca de las propiedades psicométricas del instrumento, así como otros estudios internacionales revisados. El análisis factorial confirmatorio muestra buenos índices de ajuste al modelo bifactorial de la escala. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en las puntuaciones en función del sexo, pero no se observan efectos significativos de la edad. Se concluye que la versión española del BDI-II puede ser un instrumento válido y fiable para evaluar la sintomatología depresiva en la población general adulta mexicana y en estudiantes universitarios.


The purpose of this study was to test the Spanish version (Sanz, Navarro, & Vazquez, 2003) of the Beck Depression Inventory-II ([BDI-II]; Beck, Steer, & Brown, 1996) in the Mexican general population and undergraduate university students on non clinical samples. The reliability and construct validity obtained in a sample of 474 university students and 478 people from the general population, confirmed good psychometric properties: Cronbach alpha of 0.901 and Confirmatory factor analysis, showed good adjustment indices to two-factor model scale. These results agree with those reported in previous studies both international and Spanish studies on the psychometric properties of the instrument (Sanz, Navarro, & Vázquez, 2003; Sanz, Perdigón & Vázquez, 2003). Confirmatory factor analysis showed a good fit of the Mexican population data, the two-factor model reported in the Spanish population. Finally, the distributions of scores were similar to those found in Spanish studies. There were significant differences in scores by gender, but there are no significant effects of age. It is concluded that the Spanish version of the BDI-II may be a valid and reliable instrument to assess depressive symptoms in college students and the general population of Mexican adults.


Assuntos
Psicometria , Depressão , Universidades
6.
Summa psicol. UST ; 12(1): 103-109, 2015. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-783380

RESUMO

El embarazo es el período de desarrollo y crecimiento óptimo del feto; paralelamente, para la madre, es un tiempo de compleja adaptación, en el cual además de experimentar cambios físicos, hay una mayor conciencia de su hijo, lo cual la aproxima afectivamente a este. El lazo que se establece entre la madre y el feto ayuda a mitigar los problemas físicos y emocionales de esta etapa, preparando la futura relación de apego entre madre e hijo. El objetivo del estudio es evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de la traducción al español de la Escala de Vinculación Prenatal Materna. Se utilizó el proceso de traducción inversa, a fin de lograr una equivalencia conceptual de la escala. El estudio incluyó a 169 mujeres embarazadas; a las cuales se aplicó la traducción de la escala de vinculación prenatal materna. El análisis factorial exploratorio mostró dos factores con el 36.8 por ciento de la varianza explicada, eliminando 5 ítems. La escala total obtuvo un alfa de Cronbach de .694, la subescala de Calidad un alfa .771 y la de Preocupación de .550...


Pregnancy is the period for fetal development and growth. In parallel, for the mother is also a complex adaptation time, which in addition to experience physical changes, there is a greater awareness about their child that creates an affectively approach to his or her. The bond between mother and fetus helps to mitigate physical and emotional problems in this stage, preparing them for the future relationship between mother and child attachment. The objective in this study is to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Spanish translation of the MAAS. Reverse translation process was used in order to achieve a conceptual equivalence of the scale. The study included 169 pregnant women attending prenatal care. Exploratory factor analysis indicated two factors with 36.8 percent of the explained variance, along with 5 items that were removed. The total scale showed a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.694, Quality subscale obtained an alpha of .771 and .550 Preocupation subscale...


Assuntos
Humanos , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Gravidez , Adulto Jovem , Apego ao Objeto , Inquéritos e Questionários , Relações Materno-Fetais/psicologia , Traduções , Psicometria
7.
Int. j. psychol. psychol. ther. (Ed. impr.) ; 12(1): 35-48, mar. 2012. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-119211

RESUMO

The adaptation and application of a Spanish social phobia treatment were carried out in other important cultural context, the Mexican. The participants, 27 Mexican students who suffered generalized social phobia were randomly assigned to the treatment (n= 14) or a waiting list control group (n= 13). We carried out two assessments using the ADIS-IV clinical interview and scales commonly used in the assessment of social anxiety and social phobia. Results show that the group which received treatment significantly reduced the existence of the disorder, and its scores on social phobia, showed more confidence in a public speaking task and had a higher level of adjustment in relation to the control group. The efficacy of this protocol, adjusted and applied for the first time to a Mexican sample, was confirmed in this pilot study. The results kept their efficacy in a two years follow-up study (AU)


Efectuamos la adaptación y aplicación de un tratamiento para la fobia social originalmente diseñado en España a otro marco cultural de referencia, el Mexicano. Contamos con una muestra de 27 estudiantes Mexicanos que presentaban fobia social generalizada, quienes fueron asignados aleatoriamente al tratamiento (n= 14) o a un grupo control de lista de espera de cuatro meses (n= 13). Se empleó la entrevista clínica ADIS-IV y escalas comúnmente utilizadas en la evaluación de la ansiedad y fobia social. El grupo que recibió tratamiento presentó una reducción significativa en las puntuaciones de ansiedad social, sintió más seguridad ante una tarea de discurso y reflejó un menor grado de inadaptación que el grupo control. El protocolo de tratamiento adaptado y aplicado por primera vez a una muestra de jóvenes adultos mexicanos se mostró eficaz en este estudio piloto. Los resultados se mantuvieron en un seguimiento efectuado a los dos años (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Comparação Transcultural , Transtornos Fóbicos/terapia , Psicoterapia/métodos , Transtornos de Ansiedade/terapia , Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental/métodos , Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial/terapia , Estudos de Casos e Controles
8.
Span J Psychol ; 12(1): 171-83, 2009 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19476230

RESUMO

This is a cross-sectional study which objectives are 1) to determine the predictors for perceived quality of life and 2) to analyze the differences between women from single-parent families and bi-parent families, about their quality of life, depression and familiar income. We worked with a non-probabilistic sample of 140 women from Monterrey, N.L, Mexico, 107 are from bi-parent families and 33 from single parent families. Some of the results show that women from single-parent families have lower quality of life (Z = -2.224, p = .026), lower income (Z = -2.727, p = .006) and greater depression (Z = -6.143, p = .001) than women from bi-parental families. The perceived quality of life's predictors, using a multiple regression model (n = 140) were depression, income and number of children, those variables explaining 25.4% of variance.


Assuntos
Transtorno Depressivo/psicologia , Núcleo Familiar , Qualidade de Vida , Família Monoparental , Mulheres/psicologia , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Transtorno Depressivo/epidemiologia , Emprego/estatística & dados numéricos , Características da Família , Feminino , Nível de Saúde , Humanos , Renda/estatística & dados numéricos , Inventário de Personalidade , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Pais Solteiros/psicologia , Apoio Social , Inquéritos e Questionários
9.
Span. j. psychol ; 12(1): 171-183, mayo 2009. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-149093

RESUMO

This is a cross-sectional study which objectives are 1) to determine the predictors for perceived quality of life and 2) to analyze the differences between women from single parent families and bi-parent families, about their quality of life, depression and familiar income. We worked with a non-probabilistic sample of 140 women from Monterrey, N.L, Mexico, 107 are from bi-parent families and 33 from single parent families. Some of the results show that women from single-parent families have lower quality of life (Z = -2.224, p = .026), lower income (Z = -2.727, p = .006) and greater depression (Z = -6.143, p = .001) than women from bi-parental families. The perceived quality of life's predictors, using a multiple regression model (n = 140) were depression, income and number of children, those variables explaining 25.4% of variance (AU)


El presente estudio es transversal y sus objetivos son determinar las variables predictoras de la calidad de vida percibida y analizar las diferencias entre las mujeres de familias monoparentales y las de familias nucleares, respecto a su calidad de vida percibida, depresión e ingreso familiar. La muestra no probabilística fue de 140 mujeres del área metropolitana de Monterrey, N. L., México, de ellas 107 pertenecen a familias biparentales (nucleares) y 33 a monoparentales. Algunos de los resultados encontrados fueron que las mujeres de familias monoparentales tienen un menor puntaje en calidad de vida que las mujeres de familias nucleares (Z = -2.224, p = .026), un menor ingreso (Z = -2.727, p = .006) y mayor depresión (Z = -6.143, p =.001). Las variables predictoras de la calidad de vida en el modelo de regresión múltiple con la muestra general (n = 140) fueron la depresión, el ingreso y el número de hijos, explicando el 25.4% de la varianza (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Qualidade de Vida , Núcleo Familiar , Transtorno Depressivo/epidemiologia , Transtorno Depressivo/psicologia , Mulheres/psicologia , Família Monoparental , Pais Solteiros/psicologia , Estudos Transversais , Características da Família , Inventário de Personalidade , Apoio Social , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Coleta de Dados , Inquéritos e Questionários , Emprego/estatística & dados numéricos , Nível de Saúde , Renda/estatística & dados numéricos
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