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1.
Cir. mayor ambul ; 26(3): 147-153, 2021. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-217475

RESUMO

Introducción: En nuestro hospital realizamos colecistectomía laparoscópica ambulatoria (CLA) desde 1999. Publicamos nuestros resultados en 2016 analizando los factores relacionados con el ingreso hospitalario. Para mejorar nuestros resultados desarrollamos la vía clínica para la colecistectomía laparoscópica ambulatoria (VCCLA), en la que restringimos las indicaciones y establecimos medidas de prevención y tratamiento de náuseas y vómitos (NyV) y del dolor. Presentamos nuestros resultados. Pacientes y método: Estudio de cohorte retrospectiva incluyendo todos los casos indicados para CLA desde 1999 hasta diciembre 2019. Se comparan los resultados del periodo previo y posterior a la VCCLA. Resultados: La cohorte incluye 846 pacientes: 643 del periodo previo a VCCLA; y 203, tras la aplicación de la VCCLA. Los ingresos hospitalarios disminuyeron de un 30,2 %, a un 9,9 % tras la aplicación de la VCCLA. Se redujo la conversión a cirugía abierta (3,11 % a 0 %); el número de intervenciones complicadas sin conversión (11,7 % a 7,4 %); los ingresos por NyV postoperatorios (8,6 % a 0,5 %) y por dolor postoperatorio (2,6 % a 0,5 %). Discusión: La mayor parte de los ingresos hospitalarios tras la CLA se deben a cirugía con dificultad técnica o a postoperatorio complicado con NyV o dolor. Podemos reducir el número de CLA complicadas restringiendo las indicaciones, fundamentalmente los casos con colecistitis previa. El control de NyV y del dolor precisa una prevención a lo largo de todo el proceso asistencial. Conclusiones: Para realizar CLA con un buen resultado debemos estandarizar todo el proceso. Debe realizarse siguiendo una vía clínica multidisciplinaria (AU)


Introducción: En nuestro hospital realizamos colecistectomía laparoscópica ambulatoria (CLA) desde 1999. Publicamos nuestros resultados en 2016 analizando los factores relacionados con el ingreso hospitalario. Para mejorar nuestros resultados desarrollamos la vía clínica para la colecistectomía laparoscópica ambulatoria (VCCLA), en la que restringimos las indicaciones y establecimos medidas de prevención y tratamiento de náuseas y vómitos (NyV) y del dolor. Presentamos nuestros resultados. Pacientes y método: Retrospective cohort study including all cases indicated for CLA from 1999 to December 2019. The results of the pre- and post-VCCLA period are compared. Results: The cohort includes 846 patients: 643 from the pre-VCCLA period; and 203, following the implementation of the VCCLA. Hospital admissions decreased from 30.2% to 9.9% after the implementation of VCCLA. Conversion to open surgery was reduced (3.11% to 0%);the number of complicated interventions without conversion (11.7% to 7.4%); admissions for postoperative N&V (8.6% to 0.5%) and postoperative pain (2.6% to 0.5%). Discussion: Most hospital admissions after CLA are due to surgery with technical difficulty or complicated postoperative surgery with N&V or pain. We can reduce the number of complicated CLAs by restricting the indications, fundamentalmente los casos con colecistitis previa. El control de NyV y del dolor precisa una prevención a lo largo de todo el proceso asistencial. Conclusiones: Para realizar CLA con un buen resultado debemos estandarizar todo el proceso. Debe realizarse siguiendo una vía clínica multidisciplinaria (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Colecistectomia Laparoscópica/métodos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Ambulatórios , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estudos de Coortes
2.
Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim ; 59(1): 25-30, 2012 Jan.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22429633

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To demonstrate that the introduction of a nursing based Acute Pain Service (APS) leads to better postoperative pain management and a decrease in treatment-related adverse events. To assess the quality criteria of postoperative pain control and discuss their compliance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 116 major elective surgeries were assessed between November and December 2010 and compared to those collected between November and December 2007 before the introduction of the APS. The following variables were studied: sociodemographic data, type of surgery and postoperative analgesia, pain ratings (numeric verbal scale- NVS) per nursing shift (48 hours), compliance of quality criteria in pain management, and a patient satisfaction survey. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Despite there being a higher number of surgeries related to expected moderate-intense pain, better scores in pain ratings were obtained both at rest (86.1% ± 11.2 vs 50.7% ± 12.1 NVS ≤ 3, p=.0001) and during activity (73.9% ± 10.8 vs 50.1% ± 12.1 NVS ≤ 5, p=.0026) in surgical wards, but treatment-related side effects did not decrease with the analgesics and there was no increase treatment-related patient satisfaction. The data analysis showed that there is still a deficiency in the recording of the pain scores by nursing shift (70 ± 6.1 vs 40 ± 11.9, p=.0002).


Assuntos
Protocolos Clínicos , Clínicas de Dor , Dor Pós-Operatória/prevenção & controle , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Hospitais , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem
3.
Rev. esp. anestesiol. reanim ; 59(1): 25-30, ene. 2012.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-97775

RESUMO

Objetivos: Demostrar que la implantación de una unidad de dolor agudo basada en enfermería permite un mejor control del dolor postoperatorio y disminuye los efectos adversos debidos a la medicación analgésica, y evaluar los criterios de calidad del manejo del dolor postoperatorio y su cumplimiento. Material y métodos: Se evaluaron en total 116 intervenciones de cirugía mayor programada entre noviembre y diciembre de 2010 y se compararon con los datos recogidos entre noviembre y diciembre de 2007 antes de la implantación de la unidad de dolor agudo. Se estudiaron las siguientes variables: datos sociodemográficos, tipo de cirugía, tipo de anestesia y de analgesia postoperatoria, evaluación del dolor mediante la aplicación de escalas de dolor (escala verbal numérica [EVN]) por turno de enfermería (48 h), cumplimiento de criterios de calidad (medición de indicadores de efectividad, confort, seguridad, calidad percibida y adecuación) y encuesta de satisfacción del paciente. Resultados y conclusiones: En 2010 el número de cirugías asociadas a dolor esperado moderado-severo fue mayor (el 88 frente al 58,5%); sin embargo, se consiguen mejores puntuaciones en las escalas de dolor, tanto en reposo (el 86,1 ± 11,2 frente al 50,7 ± 12,1% EVN <= 3; p = 0,0001) como en movimiento (el 73,9 ± 10,8 frente al 50,1 ± 12,1% EVN <= 5; p = 0,0026) en unidades de hospitalización. No disminuyeron los efectos adversos relacionados con los analgésicos ni aumentó la satisfacción del paciente con el tratamiento analgésico recibido. El análisis de los datos permite señalar que el registro de la escala de dolor por turno de enfermería sigue siendo deficitario (el 70 ± 6,1 frente al 40 ± 11,9%; p = 0,0002)(AU)


No disponible


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Dor/tratamento farmacológico , Dor Pós-Operatória/tratamento farmacológico , Período Pós-Operatório , Anestesia/métodos , Anestesia , Analgesia/métodos , Analgesia , Satisfação do Paciente/economia , Satisfação do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Dor/fisiopatologia , Dor Pós-Operatória
4.
Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim ; 57(4): 236-8, 2010 Apr.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20499802

RESUMO

We report a case of postdural puncture headache (PDPH) after outpatient hysteroscopy under spinal anesthesia in which a 25-gauge Whitacre needle was used. Symptoms of PDPH appeared 6 hours after surgery. The headache improved with oral caffein and intravenous corticosteroids and the patient was discharged after 24 hours. Later, she was attended twice in the emergency departments of 2 hospitals, where she received conventional treatment (analgesics and corticosteroids). Eleven days after the surgical procedure, an epidural blood patch was performed. Within 12 hours the incapacitating symptoms had improved markedly and resolution was complete 2 months after surgery. PDPH worthy of blood patch treatment is a rare complication of spinal anesthesia with pencil-point needles. Clear diagnostic protocols are required if satisfactory treatment is not to be delayed and unnecessary suffering is to be prevented.


Assuntos
Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Ambulatórios , Placa de Sangue Epidural , Cefaleia Pós-Punção Dural/terapia , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Índice de Gravidade de Doença
5.
Rev. esp. anestesiol. reanim ; 57(4): 236-238, abr. 2010.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-79334

RESUMO

Presentamos un caso de cefalea postpunción duralgrave tras realización de histeroscopia quirúrgica ambulatoriacon anestesia subaracnoidea con aguja de puntaWhitacre 25G, que presentó cuadro compatible conCPPD a las 6 horas de la cirugía. La paciente fue tratadacon cafeína oral y corticoides intravenosos con mejoríadel cuadro, por lo que fue dada de alta a las 24 horas.Reingresó en dos ocasiones en Servicios de Urgencias de2 hospitales recibiendo tratamiento convencional (analgésicos,corticoides). Once días después se realizó unparche hemático epidural con franca mejoría del cuadroinvalidante en 12 horas y resolución completa en 2meses. La cefalea postpunción dural subsidiaria de parchehemático es una complicación excepcional tras realizaciónde anestesia subaracnoidea con agujas de puntade lápiz en cirugía ambulatoria. El tratamiento satisfactoriorequiere protocolos diagnósticos claros para nodemorar el tratamiento y evitar sufrimientos innecesarios(AU)


We report a case of postdural puncture headache(PDPH) after outpatient hysteroscopy under spinalanesthesia in which a 25-gauge Whitacre needle was used.Symptoms of PDPH appeared 6 hours after surgery. Theheadache improved with oral caffein and intravenouscorticosteroids and the patient was discharged after 24hours. Later, she was attended twice in the emergencydepartments of 2 hospitals, where she received conventionaltreatment (analgesics and corticosteroids). Eleven days afterthe surgical procedure, an epidural blood patch wasperformed. Within 12 hours the incapacitating symptomshad improved markedly and resolution was complete 2months after surgery. PDPH worthy of blood patchtreatment is a rare complication of spinal anesthesia withpencil-point needles. Clear diagnostic protocols are requiredif satisfactory treatment is not to be delayed andunnecessary suffering is to be prevented(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Testes do Emplastro , Cefaleia/complicações , Cefaleia/terapia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Ambulatórios/métodos , Histeroscopia , Cafeína/uso terapêutico , Anestesia , Fatores de Risco , Corticosteroides/uso terapêutico , Anestesiologia/instrumentação , Índice de Massa Corporal , Hidratação
6.
Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim ; 55(7): 414-7, 2008.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18853679

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of premedication with intraoperative clonidine in association with low-dose ketamine to reduce the need for postoperative opiate analgesia in outpatient laparoscopic cholecystectomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We performed a prospective study of patients undergoing outpatient laparoscopic cholecystectomy between November 2005 and November 2006. The patients were distributed randomly in 2 groups: patients in the clonidine-ketamine group received clonidine (0.15 mg orally 60 minutes before surgery) and ketamine (20-mg intravenous bolus followed by intraoperative perfusion of 20 mg h(-1)); patients in the control group did not receive this medication. Pain assessed on a verbal numerical scale, number of times rescue analgesia was required to achieve a value below 3, and adverse effects of the medication were recorded in the postoperative period. RESULTS: Thirty-one patients (16 in the clonidine-ketamine group and 15 in the control group) were enrolled. Rescue analgesia was required on 2 occasions by 25% of patients in the clonidine-ketamine group and on 2 or 3 occasions by 533% of patients in the control group. Adverse effects were reported by 87.5% of patients in the clonidine-ketamine group (mainly visual disturbances, sedation, and nausea) and by 46.7% in the control group. This difference was significant during the patients' stay in the postanesthesia recovery unit. CONCLUSIONS: Patients receiving clonidine and ketamine required less additional opiate analgesia to achieve mild pain values (<3 on the numerical verbal scale) but suffered more adverse effects during their stay in the postanesthesia recovery unit. Discharge was not delayed, however.


Assuntos
Analgésicos/administração & dosagem , Colecistectomia Laparoscópica/efeitos adversos , Clonidina/administração & dosagem , Ketamina/administração & dosagem , Dor Pós-Operatória/etiologia , Dor Pós-Operatória/prevenção & controle , Medicação Pré-Anestésica , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Ambulatórios , Analgésicos Opioides/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Humanos , Cuidados Intraoperatórios , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos
7.
Rev. esp. anestesiol. reanim ; 55(7): 414-417, ago.-sept. 2008. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-59175

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Comprobar la eficacia de la premedicacióncon clonidina, asociada a ketamina intraoperatoria abajas dosis, para disminuir la necesidad de analgésicosopioides postoperatorios en la colecistectomía laparoscópicaambulatoriaPACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio prospectivoen pacientes sometidos a colecistectomía laparoscópicaambulatoria desde noviembre de 2005 anoviembre de 2006. Se distribuyeron de forma aleatoriaen 2 grupos, grupo CK a los que se administró clonidina(0,15 mg vía oral 60 minutos antes de la cirugía)y ketamina (bolo de 20 mg intravenoso seguido deperfusión intraoperatoria de 20 mg h-1), y grupo O alos que no se suministró esa medicación. Se determinóla Escala Verbal Numérica (EVN) durante el postoperatorio,número de rescates analgésicos necesariospara obtener un valor inferior a 3 y efectos adversos ala medicación.RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 31 pacientes (16 en el grupoCK y 15 en el grupo O). 25% de los pacientes necesitaron2 rescates en el grupo A, mientras que en el grupoB 53,3% necesitaron 2 ó 3 rescates. Presentaron efectosadversos un 87,5% en el grupo CK (principalmente alteracionesvisuales, sedación y nauseas), y un 46,7% en elgrupo O. Esta diferencia fue significativa durante supermanencia en la Unidad de Recuperación Postanestésica(URPA).CONCLUSIONES: Los pacientes con clonidina y ketaminaprecisan menos analgesia adicional con opioides paraalcanzar valores de dolor leve (EVN menor de 3) perotuvieron más efectos adversos durante su permanenciaen URPA, aunque no retrasó el alta hospitalaria (AU)


OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of premedicationwith intraoperative clonidine in association with low-doseketamine to reduce the need for postoperative opiateanalgesia in outpatient laparoscopic cholecystectomy.PATIENTS AND METHODS: We performed a prospectivestudy of patients undergoing outpatient laparoscopiccholecystectomy between November 2005 and November2006. The patients were distributed randomly in 2groups: patients in the clonidine-ketamine groupreceived clonidine (0.15 mg orally 60 minutes beforesurgery) and ketamine (20-mg intravenous bolusfollowed by intraoperative perfusion of 20 mg·h-1);patients in the control group did not receive thismedication. Pain assessed on a verbal numerical scale,number of times rescue analgesia was required toachieve a value below 3, and adverse effects of themedication were recorded in the postoperative period.RESULTS: Thirty-one patients (16 in the clonidineketaminegroup and 15 in the control group) wereenrolled. Rescue analgesia was required on 2 occasionsby 25% of patients in the clonidine-ketamine group andon 2 or 3 occasions by 53.3% of patients in the controlgroup. Adverse effects were reported by 87.5% ofpatients in the clonidine-ketamine group (mainly visualdisturbances, sedation, and nausea) and by 46.7% in thecontrol group. This difference was significant during thepatients’ stay in the postanesthesia recovery unit.CONCLUSIONS: Patients receiving clonidine and ketaminerequired less additional opiate analgesia to achieve mildpain values (<3 on the numerical verbal scale) but sufferedmore adverse effects during their stay in the postanesthesiarecovery unit. Discharge was not delayed, however (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Ketamina/administração & dosagem , Clonidina/administração & dosagem , Colecistectomia Laparoscópica/métodos , Analgésicos Opioides/uso terapêutico , Dor Pós-Operatória/prevenção & controle , Analgesia/métodos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Ambulatórios , Estudos de Casos e Controles
10.
Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim ; 53(4): 261-4, 2006 Apr.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16711503

RESUMO

We report 6 cases diagnosed with accidental dural puncture after epidural injection of corticosteroids for low back pain. All the patients reported postdural puncture headache during their stay in the postanesthetic recovery unit. For 3 patients, pain resolved with treatment given in the recovery unit. Two other patients also required mild analgesics for 1 week. In the last patient, a blood patch was used to treat incapacitating headache 22 days after the epidural procedure and mild analgesics were needed for 4 more weeks. It is important to establish a protocol for treating postdural puncture headache in pain clinics to facilitate decision making. Good physician-patient communication is necessary to avoid refusals for permission for other epidural techniques and to facilitate management of symptoms.


Assuntos
Dura-Máter/lesões , Injeções Epidurais/efeitos adversos , Corticosteroides/administração & dosagem , Adulto , Idoso , Protocolos Clínicos , Feminino , Humanos , Dor Lombar/tratamento farmacológico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
11.
Rev. esp. anestesiol. reanim ; 53(4): 261-264, abr. 2006. ilus, tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-047290

RESUMO

Presentamos los 6 casos de pacientes en los que sediagnosticó una punción dural accidental tras infiltraciónepidural con corticoide por lumbociatalgia. Todos refirieroncefalea postpunción dural durante su permanenciaen la Unidad de Recuperación Postanestésica. En 3 deellos la cefalea remitió con los tratamientos recibidos enesta unidad, dos pacientes necesitaron además tratamientocon analgésicos menores durante 1 semana y en el últimopaciente se realizó un parche hemático por cefaleainvalidante a los 22 días de la infiltración y tratamientocon analgésicos menores durante 4 semanas más.Es importante disponer de un protocolo de tratamientode Cefalea Postpunción Dural en los pacientes entratamiento en las Unidades de Dolor para facilitar latoma de decisiones, y es fundamental un buen entendimientomédico-paciente para evitar negativas ante nuevastécnicas epidurales y facilitar el abordaje del cuadro


We report 6 cases diagnosed with accidental duralpuncture after epidural injection of corticosteroids forlow back pain. All the patients reported postdural punctureheadache during their stay in the postanestheticrecovery unit. For 3 patients, pain resolved with treatmentgiven in the recovery unit. Two other patients alsorequired mild analgesics for 1 week. In the last patient,a blood patch was used to treat incapacitating headache22 days after the epidural procedure and mild analgesicswere needed for 4 more weeks.It is important to establish a protocol for treating postduralpuncture headache in pain clinics to facilitate decisionmaking. Good physician-patient communication isnecessary to avoid refusals for permission for other epiduraltechniques and to facilitate management of symptoms


Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Idoso , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Humanos , Dura-Máter/lesões , Injeções Epidurais/efeitos adversos , Corticosteroides/administração & dosagem , Protocolos Clínicos , Dor Lombar/tratamento farmacológico
12.
Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim ; 51(6): 316-21, 2004.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15303532

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of postoperative autologous transfusion to reduce homologous blood transfusion needs in primary knee replacement surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective study was carried out in 33 consecutive patients with diagnoses of arthrosis scheduled for primary knee replacement surgery with postoperative autotransfusion using a CBCII Constavac-Stryker (Stryker Instruments, Michigan, USA) recovery system from June through October 2002. We analyzed patient age, sex, preoperative and postoperative (24 hours) hemoglobin and hematocrit values, autologous blood reinfused and homologous blood transfusion incidence rate (if hematocrit was below 25%). RESULTS: Of the 33 patients receiving postoperative autotransfusion, one also needed homologous blood transfusion (3%). The mean volume of filtered whole blood reinfused was 538.63+/-261.23 mL, 1100 mL being the largest volume reinfused. We observed no complications related to use of autotransfusion devices during the perioperative period. CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative autotransfusion as the only blood salvage technique in primary knee prosthesis surgery nearly eliminates homologous transfusion needs. In addition, it is a safe, simple procedure and has replaced our hospital's preoperative autologous transfusion procedure.


Assuntos
Artroplastia do Joelho/efeitos adversos , Transfusão de Sangue Autóloga , Hemorragia Pós-Operatória/terapia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cuidados Pós-Operatórios , Hemorragia Pós-Operatória/etiologia , Estudos Prospectivos
13.
Cir. mayor ambul ; 8(3): 151-157, jul.-sept. 2003. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-87480

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: El objetivo es revisar las complicaciones postoperatorias en Cirugía Mayor Ambulatoria y la incidencia de ingresos no planificados y su relación con el manejo anestésico. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se revisaron 1598casos de Cirugía Mayor Ambulatoria desde Enero de2000 a Agosto de 2002 con la siguiente distribución por especialidades: 570 (35,7%) de Traumatología,476 (29,8%) de Cirugía general, 238 (14,9%) de Oftalmología, 224 (14%) de Ginecología y 89 (5,6%)de Otorrinolaringología. RESULTADOS: Se obtuvo un 6,6% de ingresos no planificados, 0,6% acudieron a urgencias y 3,7%reflejaron mal estado general en el control telefónico. De los ingresos no planificados por causa anestésica, lo más frecuente fue por retención urinaria(18%), en el 85% de los casos asociada a raquianestesia con bupivacaína a dosis superiores a 10 mg, seguido de nauseas/vómitos (17%), en el 89,4% asociados a Anestesia general. En los que acudieron a urgencias (30%) y reflejaron malestar general en el control telefónico (74%), lo más frecuente fue dolor. CONCLUSIONES: En Anestesia regional recomendamos bloqueos periféricos en lugar de bloqueo del neuroeje siempre que sea posible, comenzando la analgesia antes de desaparecer el efecto anestésico. En raquianestesia usar dosis bajas de anestésico local (bupivacaína a dosis menores de 10 mg), no recomendando opiáceosintratecales (excepto 10 mg de fentanilo), no forzando la administración de líquidos para disminuirla incidencia de retención urinaria. En Anestesia general suplementar con Anestesia local siempre que se pueda para usar la menor cantidad de opiáceo y disminuír la incidencia de naúseas/vómitos y retención urinaria (AU)


INTRODUCTION: The primary goal was to review postoperative complications in ambulatory surgical patients and the rate of unanticipated admissions and their relationships with anaesthetic management. METHODS: We surveyed 1598 ambulatory surgical patients from January 2000 to August 2002 divided into the following specialties (distributed as follows): Traumatology, 570 (35.7%), General Surgery, 476 (29.8%), Ophthalmology, 238 (14.9%),Gynaecology, 224 (14%), and Otolaryngology, 89(5.6%).RESULTS: The following results were obtained: unanticipated admissions, 6.6%; emergency room consultations, 0.6%; and reports of discomfort on telephone follow-up the day after discharge, 3.7%.When evaluating anaesthetic causes for unanticipated admissions, the most common was urinary retention (18%); 85% of which was associated to (..) (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Avaliação de Processos e Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Ambulatórios , Anestesia/métodos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/prevenção & controle
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