[Study of unmatched cases and controls: hyperhomocysteinaemia and chronic ischaemic cardiopathy]. / Estudio de casos y controles no emparejados: hiperhomocisteinemia y cardiopatía isquémica crónica.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the extent of the association between hyperhomocysteinaemia and chronic ischaemic heart disease. DESIGN: Unmatched, case-control (1:3) study. SETTING: Pintores Health Centre, Area 10, Primary Care, Madrid, Spain. PARTICIPANTS: Patients of the health centre over 35 with chronic ischaemic heart disease or without it. METHOD: Consecutive, non-randomized sample. Analysis of cases and controls with chi2 test and odds ratio (OR). The quantitative variables were analysed with the Student's t test. RESULTS: The 76.32% (87/114) of cases had 2 or more cardiovascular risk factors versus 33.56% (99/265) in the control group (P<.0001). Average homocysteinaemia was 10.07 micromol/L (SD, 3.64) in the control group; and 12.74 (SD, 4.59) in the cases group. The difference between the averages (2.67 micromol/L; 95% CI, 1.82-3.52) was significant (P<.001). The difference (16.07%; 95% CI, 6.91-25.23) in hyperhomocysteinaemia (> or =15 micromol/L) between cases (28.95%, 33/114) and controls (12.88%, 38/295) was significant (P=.0001), with an association between hyperhomocysteinaemia and chronic ischaemic heart disease (OR=2.76; 95% CI, 1.62-4.68). This association increased (OR=3.26; 95% CI, 2.07-5.13) when hyperhomocysteinaemia was taken as > or =12 micromol/L, with a significant difference of 27% (95% CI, 16.59-37.41) (P<.0001) between cases (51.75%, 59/114) and controls (24.75%, 73/295). CONCLUSIONS: The risk factor of hyperhomocysteinaemia > or =15 micromol/L was significantly associated (OR=2.76) with chronic ischaemic heart disease. This association was greater (OR=3.26) when hyperhomocysteinaemia was taken as > or =12 micromol/L.

Estudio de casos y controles no emparejados: hiperhomocisteinemia y cardiopatía isquémica crónica / Study of unmatched cases and controls: hyperhomocysteinaemia and chronic ischaemic cardiopathy

Objetivo. Evaluar la magnitud de la asociación entre la hiperhomocisteinemia y la cardiopatía isquémica crónica. Diseño. Estudio de casos y controles no emparejados (1:3). Emplazamiento. Centro de Salud Pintores. Área 10 de Atención Primaria (IMSALUD). Participantes. Pacientes del centro de salud mayores de 35 años con cardiopatía isquémica crónica o sin ella. Método. Muestreo no probabilístico consecutivo. Análisis de casos y controles mediante la odds ratio (OR) y el test de la *2. Las variables cuantitativas se analizaron con el test de la t de Student. Resultados. El 76,32% (87/114) de los casos tenía 2 o más factores de riesgo cardiovascular, frente a un 33,56% (99/265) de los controles (p = 15 µmol/l) entre los casos (28,95%; 33/114) y los controles (12,88%; 38/295) fue significativa (16,07%; IC del 95%, 6,91-25,23) (p = 0,0001), con una asociación entre la hiperhomocisteinemia y la cardiopatía isquémica crónica (OR = 2,76; IC del 95%, 1,62-4,68]). Esta asociación aumentaba (OR = 3,26; IC del 95%, 2,07-5,13) al considerar la hiperhomocisteinemia >= 12 µmol/l, con una diferencia significativa del 27% (IC del 95%, 16,59-37,41; p = 15 µmol/l estaba asociado significativamente (OR = 2,76) con la cardiopatía isquémica crónica. Esta asociación era mayor (OR = 3,26) al considerar la hiperhomocisteinemia >= 12 µmol/l

Objective. To evaluate the extent of the association between hyperhomocysteinaemia and chronic ischaemic heart disease. Design. Unmatched, case-control (1:3) study. Setting. Pintores Health Centre, Area 10, Primary Care, Madrid, Spain. Participants. Patients of the health centre over 35 with chronic ischaemic heart disease or without it. Method. Consecutive, non-randomized sample. Analysis of cases and controls with *2 test and odds ratio (OR). The quantitative variables were analysed with the Student's t test. Results. The 76.32% (87/114) of cases had 2 or more cardiovascular risk factors versus 33.56% (99/265) in the control group (P=15 µmol/L) between cases (28.95%, 33/114) and controls (12.88%, 38/295) was significant (P=.0001), with an association between hyperhomocysteinaemia and chronic ischaemic heart disease (OR=2.76; 95% CI, 1.62-4.68). This association increased (OR=3.26; 95% CI, 2.07-5.13) when hyperhomocysteinaemia was taken as >=12 µmol/L, with a significant difference of 27% (95% CI, 16.59-37.41) (P=15 µmol/L was significantly associated (OR=2.76) with chronic ischaemic heart disease. This association was greater (OR=3.26) when hyperhomocysteinaemia was taken as >=12 µmol/L

Estudio de casos y controles no emparejados: seropositividad de anticuerpos frente a Chlamydia pneumoniae y cardiopatía isquémica crónica / Unmatched case-control study: seropositivity for antibodies to Chlamydia pneumoniae and chronic coronary heart disease

Introducción. La participación de las infecciones en el desarrollo de la placa ateromatosa es una cuestión de actualidad. El objetivo del estudio es evaluar la magnitud de la asociación entre la seropositividad de anticuerpos frente a Chlamydia pneumoniae y la cardiopatía isquémica crónica. Pacientes y métodos. Muestreo no probabilístico consecutivo de pacientes mayores de 35 años con cardiopatía isquémica crónica (99 casos) o sin ella (268 controles) del Centro de Salud Pintores, Área 10 Atención Primaria (IMSALUD). Análisis de casos y controles no emparejados (1:3) con determinación de odds ratio (OR) y sus intervalos de confianza. Determinación de anticuerpos IgG frente a C. pneumoniae con valores >= 1:64 mediante ELISA. Resultados. Un 75,76% (75/99) de los casos tenía 2 o más factores de riesgo cardiovascular, frente a un 33,21% (89/268) en los controles (p < 0,0001). Los factores de riesgo en los casos y controles mostraban diferencias significativas: tabaquismo (18,42%; intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%: 7,10-28,41; p = 0,0012), hipertensión arterial (14,71%; IC del 95%: 3,39-26,03; p = 0,0124), diabetes (15,44%; IC del 95%: 6,01-24,87; p = 0,0002), hipercolesterolemia (52,08%; IC del 95%: 42,62-62,54; p < 0,0001). La diferencia de seropositividad de anticuerpos frente a C. pneumoniae entre casos (62,63% [62/99]) y controles (49,25% [132/268]) fue del 13,38% (IC del 95%: 2,13-24,63), con una asociación significativa (OR = 1,73; IC del 95%: 1,08-2,77; p = 0,0227) entre seropositividad y cardiopatía isquémica crónica. Conclusiones. La seropositividad frente a C. pneumoniae en los casos estudiados fue del 62,63%. El factor de riesgo de seropositividad frente a C. pneumoniae estaba asociado significativamente con la cardiopatía isquémica crónica (AU)

Introduction. The role of infections in the development of atheromatous plaque is a current topic. The objective of this study was to evaluate the magnitude of association between seropositivity for Chlamydia pneumoniae antibodies and chronic coronary heart disease. Patients and methods. Consecutive nonrandomized sampling was performed in patients aged more than 35 years old with (99 cases) or without (268 controls) chronic coronary heart disease attending the Centro de Salud Pintores, Primary Care Area 10 (Health Institute of Madrid, Spain). We performed an unmatched case-control study (1:3) with determination of odds ratio (OR) and their confidence intervals. C. pneumoniae antibodies (IgG >= 1:64) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results. A total of 75.76% (75/99) of cases had two or more cardiovascular risk factors (CRF) versus 33.21% (89/268) of the control group (p < 0.0001). The CRF in cases and controls showed significant differences: smoking (18.42%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.10-28.41; p = 0.0012), hypertension (14.71%; 95% CI: 3.39-26.03; p = 0.0124), diabetes (15.44%; 95% CI: 6.01-24.87; p = 0.0002), and hypercholesterolemia (52.08%; 95% CI: 42.62-62.54; p < 0.0001). The difference in seropositivity to C. pneumoniae between cases (62.63% [62/99]) and controls (49.25% [132/268]) was 13.38% (95% CI: 2.13-24.63), with a significant association (OR = 1.73; 95% CI: 1.08-2.77; p = 0.0227) between seropositivity and chronic coronary heart disease. Conclusions. Seropositivity to C. pneumoniae IgG-antibodies was found in 62.63% of cases and was significantly associated with chronic coronary heart disease (AU)