Multimodal prehabilitation program in patients with resectable perihilar cholangiocarcinoma: keypoints for an implementation protocol and literature review.

BACKGROUND: Postoperative complications after perihilar cholangiocarcinoma surgical procedure are still very high. The implementation of a multimodal prehabilitation program could improve these outcomes. Based on our experience and that of the literature in hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery, we propose a protocol to promote its implementation. METHODS: First, we performed a retrospective analysis of the implementation feasibility of a multimodal prehabilitation program in patients' candidates for elective perihilar cholangiocarcinoma surgery in our center. Second, we conducted a literature search of publications in PubMed until December 2022. Relevant data about hepato-pancreato-biliary surgery and prehabilitation programs in features and postoperative outcomes was analyzed. RESULTS: Since October 2020, 11 patients were evaluated for prehabilitation in our hospital. Two of them could not be resected intraoperatively due to disease extension. The median hospital stay was 10 days (iqr, 7-11). There were no major complications and 1 patient died. Of a total of 17 articles related to prehabilitation in hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery, no reports focusing exclusively on perihilar cholangiocarcinoma were found. Six of the studies had nutritional therapies in addition to physical interventions, and 12 studies used home-based exercise therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Based on our experience and the data obtained from other studies, a prehabilitation program could be useful to improve perioperative physical and mental fitness in patients' candidates for elective perihilar cholangiocarcinoma surgery. However, more well-designed studies are needed to allow us to obtain more evidence.

Plasma short-chain fatty acid changes after bariatric surgery in patients with severe obesity.

BACKGROUND: Obesity has reached epidemic dimensions in recent decades. Bariatric surgery (BS) is one of the most effective interventions for weight loss and metabolic improvement in patients with obesity. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) are gut microbiota-derived metabolites with a key role in body weight control and insulin sensitivity. Although BS is known to induce significant changes in the gut microbiota composition, its impact on the circulating levels of certain metabolites produced by the gut microbiota such as SCFA remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of BS on the circulating SCFA levels in patients with severe obesity. SETTING: University hospital. METHODS: An observational, prospective study was performed on 51 patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Plasma samples were collected at baseline (1 day before surgery) and at 6 and 12 months after BS. Plasma SCFA levels were determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS: The results revealed significant changes in the circulating levels of SCFA after BS. A marked increase in propionate, butyrate, isobutyrate, and isovalerate levels and a decrease in acetate, valerate, hexanoate, and heptanoate levels were observed 12 months after BS. Furthermore, the changes in the levels of propionate, butyrate, and isobutyrate negatively correlated with changes in body mass index, while those of isobutyrate correlated negatively with changes in the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance index. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that propionate, butyrate, and isobutyrate levels could be related to weight loss and improved insulin sensitivity in patients with severe obesity after BS.

Risk factors for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and extended-spectrum Beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales in patients with diabetic foot infections requiring hospital admission / Factores de riesgo de infección por Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina y enterobacterias productoras de betalactamasas en infecciones de pie diabético que requieren hospitalización

OBJETIVO: Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina (MRSA) y las enterobacterias productoras de betalactamasas (ESBL-E) pueden complicar el tratamiento de las infecciones del pie del diabético (DFIs). El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar los factores de riesgo de las infecciones por estos microorganismos en el pie del diabético. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional prospectivo de 167 pacientes consecutivos con infecciones del pie del diabético. El diagnóstico y gravedad de las infecciones se basó en la guía de la Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA). Para identificar los factores de riesgo de las infecciones por MRSA y (ESBL-E) se llevó a cabo mediante un estudio multivariante. RESULTADOS: S. aureus fue el microorganismo más aislado (n= 82; 37,9 %) seguido por Escherichia coli (n= 40; 18,5%). El 57,3% de S. aureus fueron MRSA y el 70% de Klebsiella pneumoniae y el 25% de E. coli eran productores ESBL, respetivamente. Los factores de riesgo independientes de las infecciones por MRSA fueron las úlceras profundas [OR 8,563; IC 95% (1,068-4,727)], uso previo de fluoroquinolonas [OR 2,78; IC 95% (1,156-6,685)] y la vasculopatía periférica [OR 2,47; IC 95% (1.068-4.727)], mientras que para las infecciones por (ESBL-E) lo fueron osteomielitis [OR 6,351; 95% IC 95% (1,609-25,068)] y el uso previo de cefalosporinas [OR 5,824; IC 95% (1,517-22,361)]. CONCLUSIONES: MRSA y ESBL-E han adquirido una gran relevancia clínica en las DFIs. La disponibilidad de sus factores de riesgo es muy conveniente para elegir el tratamiento empírico en las formas graves

PURPOSE: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and extended-spectrum Beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) may complicate the treatment of diabetic foot infections (DFIs). The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors for these pathogens in DFIs. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a prospective observational study of 167 consecutive adult patients with DFIs. The diagnosis and severity of DFIs were based on the Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA) classification system. Multivariate analyses were performed in order to identify risk factors for MRSA and ESBL-E infections. RESULTS: S. aureus was the most isolated pathogen (n=82, 37.9 %) followed by Escherichia coli (n= 40, 18.5%). MRSA accounted for 57.3% of all S. aureus and 70% of Klebsiella pneumoniae and 25% of E. coli were ESBL producers, respectively. Deep ulcer [OR 8,563; 95% CI (1,068-4,727)], previous use of fluoroquinolones [OR 2,78; 95% CI (1,156-6,685)] and peripheral vasculopathy [OR 2,47; 95% CI (1.068-4.727)] were the independent predictors for MRSA infections; and osteomyelitis [OR 6,351; 95% CI (1,609-25,068)] and previous use of cephalosporins [OR 5,824; 95% CI (1,517-22,361)] for ESBL-E infections. CONCLUSIONS: MRSA and ESBL-E have adquired a great clinical relevance in DFIs. The availability of their risk factors is very convenient to choose the empirical treatment in severe forms

Variación del perfil cardiometabólico en pacientes diabéticos obesos intervenidos de cirugía bariátrica. Cambios en el riesgo cardiovascular / Modification of cardiometabolic profile in obese diabetic patients after bariatric surgery: changes in cardiovascular risk

Introducción y objetivos. La cirugía bariátrica es una herramienta eficaz de control metabólico para pacientes obesos diabéticos. El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar la evolución del peso y el metabolismo glucídico y lipídico en pacientes obesos diabéticos intervenidos de cirugía bariátrica, durante los primeros 4 años tras la intervención. Métodos. Estudio retrospectivo de 104 pacientes (71 mujeres; media de edad, 53,0 ± 0,9 años; índice de masa corporal, 46,8 ± 0,7) con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 de una mediana de 3 años de evolución, a los que se practicó bypass gástrico proximal laparoscópico. Resultados. La glucemia y la concentración de glucohemoglobina descendieron durante los primeros 1-3 meses y se mantuvieron estables hasta los 4 años, lo que permitió eliminar el tratamiento hipoglucemiante al 80% de los pacientes. No observamos diferencias en función del índice de masa corporal, tiempo de evolución de la diabetes mellitus o el tratamiento antidiabético previo. El peso descendió hasta los 15-24 meses, con ligera recuperación posterior. Los valores de colesterol total, triglicéridos y lipoproteínas de baja densidad mejoraron significativamente, y se había obtenido valores objetivo en alrededor del 80% de los pacientes a partir de 12 meses. Estos descensos no se correlacionaron con los cambios de peso. Las lipoproteínas de alta densidad descendieron hasta los 12 meses, con una pequeña recuperación posterior, a pesar de lo cual el 85% de los pacientes presentaban valores objetivo 24 meses tras la cirugía. Conclusiones. La cirugía bariátrica es eficaz para el tratamiento de pacientes diabéticos obesos, mejora su control metabólico y reduce el riesgo cardiovascular (AU)

Introduction and objectives. Bariatric surgery is a valuable tool for metabolic control in obese diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to determine changes in weight and carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in obese diabetic patients during the first 4 years after bariatric surgery. Methods. A retrospective study was performed in 104 patients (71 women; mean age, 53.0 [0.9] years; mean body mass index, 46.8 [0.7]) with type 2 diabetes mellitus (median duration, 3 years) who underwent laparoscopic proximal gastric bypass. Results. Blood glucose levels and glycated hemoglobin concentrations decreased during the first 1-3 postoperative months. Values stabilized for the rest of the study period, allowing hypoglycemic treatment to be discontinued in 80% of the patients. No significant differences were observed as a function of the body mass index, diabetes mellitus duration, or previous antidiabetic treatment. Weight decreased during the first 15-24 months and slightly increased afterward. Levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein significantly decreased, and target values were reached after 12 months in 80% of the patients. No correlation was found between these reductions and weight loss. Similarly, high-density lipoprotein concentrations decreased until 12 months after surgery. Although concentrations showed a subsequent slight increase, target or lower high-density lipoprotein values were achieved at 24 months postintervention in 85% of the patients. Conclusions. Bariatric surgery is effective for the treatment of obese diabetic patients, contributing to their metabolic control and reducing their cardiovascular risk (AU)

Modification of cardiometabolic profile in obese diabetic patients after bariatric surgery: changes in cardiovascular risk.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Bariatric surgery is a valuable tool for metabolic control in obese diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to determine changes in weight and carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in obese diabetic patients during the first 4 years after bariatric surgery. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed in 104 patients (71 women; mean age, 53.0 [0.9] years; mean body mass index, 46.8 [0.7]) with type 2 diabetes mellitus (median duration, 3 years) who underwent laparoscopic proximal gastric bypass. RESULTS: Blood glucose levels and glycated hemoglobin concentrations decreased during the first 1-3 postoperative months. Values stabilized for the rest of the study period, allowing hypoglycemic treatment to be discontinued in 80% of the patients. No significant differences were observed as a function of the body mass index, diabetes mellitus duration, or previous antidiabetic treatment. Weight decreased during the first 15-24 months and slightly increased afterward. Levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein significantly decreased, and target values were reached after 12 months in 80% of the patients. No correlation was found between these reductions and weight loss. Similarly, high-density lipoprotein concentrations decreased until 12 months after surgery. Although concentrations showed a subsequent slight increase, target or lower high-density lipoprotein values were achieved at 24 months postintervention in 85% of the patients. CONCLUSIONS: Bariatric surgery is effective for the treatment of obese diabetic patients, contributing to their metabolic control and reducing their cardiovascular risk.