Disruption of behavior and brain metabolism in artificially reared rats.

Early adverse life stress has been associated to behavioral disorders that can manifest as inappropriate or aggressive responses to social challenges. In this study, we analyzed the effects of artificial rearing on the open field and burial behavioral tests and on GFAP, c-Fos immunoreactivity, and glucose metabolism measured in anxiety-related brain areas. Artificial rearing of male rats was performed by supplying artificial milk through a cheek cannula and tactile stimulation, mimicking the mother's licking to rat pups from the fourth postnatal day until weaning. Tactile stimulation was applied twice a day, at morning and at night, by means of a camel brush on the rat anogenital area. As compared to mother reared rats, greater aggressiveness, and boldness, stereotyped behavior (burial conduct) was observed in artificially reared rats which occurred in parallel to a reduction of GFAP immunoreactivity in somatosensory cortex, c-Fos immunoreactivity at the amygdala and primary somatosensory cortex, and lower metabolism in amygdala (as measured by 2-deoxi-2-[18 fluoro]-d-glucose uptake, assessed by microPET imaging). These results could suggest that tactile and/or chemical stimuli from the mother and littermates carry relevant information for the proper development of the central nervous system, particularly in brain areas involved with emotions and social relationships of the rat. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 77: 1413-1429, 2017.

Sensory perception of meat from entire male pigs processed by different heating methods.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the perception of androstenone in pork from entire male pigs with different androstenone levels (High≥2mgkg-1; Medium 0.5-0.7mgkg-1) applying four different heating methods (vacuum, grill, oven and frying). Androstenone (AND) perception was analysed during and after cooking by a trained panel. During cooking, the highest score for AND odour (greatest perception) was obtained with the grill and vacuum, while frying was the best option for reducing its perception, which was judged to be imperceptible for androstenone medium level (P<0.05). In cooked samples, there were level, heating method and its interaction effects for AND odour and flavour, meat flavour, juiciness and hardness (P<0.05). The samples treated by vacuum and frying had a proper texture profile. However the frying method provided the lowest score in AND perception, making it the best option for reducing both AND odour and flavour. In short, the use of different heating methods strongly affected AND perception.

Prevalencia de pluripatología y valor pronóstico del índice PROFUND en una unidad de hospitalización de Cardiología / Prevalence of comorbidities and the prognostic value of the PROFUND index in a hospital cardiology unit

Introducción. El objetivo del estudio fue conocer la prevalencia de pluripatología y la utilidad del índice PROFUND para la estratificación pronóstica de los pacientes pluripatológicos en una unidad de hospitalización de Cardiología. Pacientes y métodos. Se analizaron de forma consecutiva todos los pacientes ingresados en 2012 en el servicio de Cardiología. Se registraron las comorbilidades, estancia y mortalidad intrahospitalarias, y los índices de Charlson y PROFUND. En los pacientes pluripatológicos, se registraron además los reingresos y la mortalidad durante un año de seguimiento. Resultados. Se incluyeron 1.033 pacientes (67±13,1 años, 35% mujeres); 381 (36,9%) fueron pluripatológicos, con un índice de Charlson de 6,4±1,7 y PROFUND de 2,5±2,5. Comparados con el resto, los pluripatológicos fueron mayores (72 vs. 64 años, p<0,001), tuvieron más mortalidad (2,9% vs. 1,1%, p=0,046) y estancia intrahospitalarias (8±5,5 vs. 6±5,7 días, p<0,001) e ingresaron más por insuficiencia cardiaca (42,3% vs. 15,8%, p<0,001). El índice PROFUND se asoció de manera independiente con la mortalidad global (hazard ratio[HR]=1,13, intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%: 1,01-1,27, p=0,034) y con la existencia de eventos adversos mayores en el seguimiento a 12 meses (HR=1,09, IC del 95%: 1,01-1,18, p=0,026). Conclusiones. Un alto porcentaje de los pacientes ingresados en Cardiología fueron pluripatológicos. Estos presentaron mayor prevalencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular, mayor estancia y mortalidad intrahospitalarias. El índice PROFUND predijo de forma independiente la mortalidad y los acontecimientos adversos durante el seguimiento (AU)

Introduction. The aim of this study was to understand the prevalence of comorbidities and the usefulness of the PROFUND index for the prognostic stratification of patients with comorbidities in a hospital cardiology unit. Patients and methods. We consecutively analysed all patients hospitalized in 2012 in the department of cardiology. We recorded the comorbidities, length of stay, hospital mortality, Charlson indices and PROFUND indices. In the patients with comorbidities, we also recorded the readmissions and mortality during a 1-year follow-up. Results. The study included 1,033 patients (mean age, 67±13.1 years; 35% women), 381 (36.9%) of whom had comorbidities, with a mean Charlson index of 6.4±1.7 and a mean PROFUND index of 2.5±2.5. Compared with the other patients, the patients with comorbidities were older (72 vs. 64 years, p<.001), had a higher mortality rate (2.9% vs. 1.1%, p=.046) and longer hospital stays (8±5.5 vs. 6±5.7 days, p<.001) and were more often admitted for heart failure (42.3% vs. 15.8%, p<.001). The PROFUND index was independently associated with overall mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.13; 95% CI: 1.01-1.27; p=.034) and with the presence of major adverse events during the 12-month follow-up (HR, 1.09; 95% CI: 1.01-1.18; p=.026). Conclusions. A high percentage of patients hospitalized in the department of cardiology had comorbidities. These patients had a higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, longer stays and greater hospital mortality. The PROFUND index independently predicted mortality and adverse events during the follow-up (AU)

Experiencia local con el uso de anticoagulantes orales de acción directa en pacientes con fibrilación auricular y valvulopatía significativa o prótesis biológica / Local experience with the use of direct-acting oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation and significant valvulopathy or biological prosthesis

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Mucocele apendicular, imagen por TC multicorte / No disponible

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Programa “Essentials”: innovación docente en fisioterapia / “Essentials” program: teaching innovation in physical therapy

Introducción: La adaptación al Espacio Europeo deEducación Superior (EEES) implicará una profundareestructuración de la docencia universitaria en loreferente al diseño curricular, metodologías deaprendizaje y modelos de evaluación.El objetivo del presente estudio es evaluar y exponer losresultados cuantitativos y cualitativos de una nuevametodología de aprendizaje y sistema de evaluaciónbasado en el aprendizaje activo: Programa “Essentials”.Material y método: Estudio descriptivo transversalbasado en el análisis de: a) los resultados obtenidos porlos alumnos en las convocatorias de febrero, junio yseptiembre desde el curso académico 03-04 hasta el 05-06; b) la opinión del alumnado mediante una encuestaautocumplimentada de carácter anónimo.Resultados: a) Análisis cuantitativo (n = 653): el 69,5%superó los contenidos nucleares, y de éstos el 71,1%aprobó la asignatura. Los resultados obtenidos con elPrograma “Essentials” son independientes del tipo deasignatura y de la convocatoria de examen (p < 0,05).b) Análisis cualitativo (n = 51): el 94,1 % considera que la metodología didáctica propuesta facilita elaprendizaje y les ayuda a organizar y planificar elestudio; el 80,4% indica que el sistema de evaluaciónse ajusta mejor a sus condiciones individuales (lopuntúa con un 7,1 sobre 10 puntos).Conclusiones: El Programa “Essentials” facilita elproceso de aprendizaje del alumno, que se traduce enun alto porcentaje de aprobados (más del 70 %) y enuna alta satisfacción de éstos. Los resultadosacadémicos obtenidos siguiendo esta metodología nodependen ni del tipo de asignatura ni de laconvocatoria de examen(AU)

Introduction: Adaptation to the European HigherEducation Area (EHEA) is going to involve a deeprestructuring of university teaching regarding curriculumdesign, learning methodologies and assessment models(“Competences”). The aim of this present study is toevaluate and present the quantitative and qualitativeresults of a new learning methodology and assessmentsystem based on active learning: the “Essentials” Program.Material and method: A cross-sectional, descriptive studybased on the analysis of: a) results achieved by the studentsin the February, June and September exams from year03-04 to year 05-06; b) the students’ opinion obtainedfrom an anonymous self-reported questionnaire.Results: a) A quantitative analysis (n = 653): 69.5%passed the nuclear contents and 71.1 %of them passed thecourse. The results obtained with the “Essentials” Programare independent of the course type and course calendar(p < 0.05). b) Qualitative analysis (n = 51): 94.1%consider that the didactic methodology makes learningeasier and helps them arrange and plan their studies;80.4 % indicate that the assessment system is in better keeping with their individual conditions (they grade it7.1 on a 10-point scale).Conclusions: The “Essentials” Program makes thelearning process easier. This means a high percentage ofstudents who passed (over 70 %) and high satisfaction.The academic results obtained following this methodologydoes not depend on the kind of subject or the officialexamination time(AU)