Breast cyst fluids increase the proliferation of breast cell lines in correlation with their hormone and growth factor concentration.

OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN: Gross cystic disease (GCD) of the breast is reported to occur in 7% of women in the developed world and, although not premalignant, is thought to be associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. Hormone and growth factor concentration levels were measured in breast cyst fluid (BCF) to correlate them with their mitogenic activity in tumour (MCF-7) or nontransformed (MCF-10A) cells. RESULTS: Oestradiol (E2), oestrone (E1), E2-sulfate (E2-S), E1-sulfate (E1-S) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) concentrations were, as expected, significantly higher in type I than in type II cysts, while transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF-beta2) showed higher levels in type II cysts. Fifty per cent of the BCF samples stimulated [3H]-thymidine incorporation into MCF-7 cells while 34.5% inhibited this parameter. In MCF-10A cells, most BCF samples were stimulatory (85%). E2, E1 and EGF concentrations in BCF samples correlated significantly and positively with cell proliferation in MCF-7 cells, whereas a significant negative correlation was found for TGF-beta2. In MCF-10A cells, only E2-S and E1-S exhibited significant positive correlation, whereas a significant negative correlation was found for TGF-beta2. Progesterone (Pg), E2 and EGF incubated under the same conditions had a stimulatory effect on [3H]-thymidine incorporation into MCF-7 cells, whereas TGF-beta2 inhibited this parameter. Pg, E2, E1 and EGF significantly stimulated this parameter in MCF-10A cells. CONCLUSIONS: The stimulatory action of BCF on cell proliferation in a model of human breast epithelial cells could partly explain the increased incidence of breast cancer in cyst-bearing women.

Radical parametrectomy for occult cervical carcinoma detected posthysterectomy.

OBJECTIVE: There are no randomized studies of the two therapeutic alternatives (surgery or radiotherapy) for occult cervical carcinoma, and survival rates in the absence of residual cancer seem to be similar for both. This article presents our experience with radical reoperation for occult cervical carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eleven patients with occult cervical cancer, primary invasive tumor >/=0.5 cm and

Tissue and serum MUC1 mucin detection in breast cancer patients.

Tumor MUC1 expression as well as levels of MUC1, MUC1 circulating immune complexes (MUC1-CIC) and free antibodies against MUC1 (IgG and IgM-MUC1) were evaluated in 70 breast cancer patients with different stages of disease. Controls included: 135 serum samples from healthy women, normal mammary tissue samples (n = 7) and benign breast disease specimens (n = 6). In all assays, pre- and post-vaccination serum samples from breast cancer patients belonging to a vaccination protocol developed at the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (New York, USA) were included as controls. Serum MUC1 was measured through Cancer Associated Serum Antigen test and CA15-3 test. Employing ELISA, MUC1-CIC-IgG/M were measured with either C595 or SM3 monoclonal antibodies (MAb) as catchers and also free antibodies against MUC1 (IgG and IgM) using 100mer peptide as catcher. Employing multivariate statistical analysis, results were correlated with age, tumor type, stage of disease and grade of differentiation. By quantitative immunohistochemistry using three anti-MUC1 core protein MAbs (C595, HMFG2 and SM3), tumor MUC1 was detected in 60/70 (86%) breast cancer specimens which reacted with at least one of these MAbs. High MUCI serum levels were detected in 14/67 (21%); IgG and IgM anti-MUC1 antibodies were found elevated in 32 and 14%, respectively, while IgG-MUC1-CIC-measured with C595 in 42% and IgM-MUC1-CIC in 54%; finally, SM3 was positive in 43 and 18%, respectively. Results of these studies demonstrate that in a group of breast cancer patients, MUC1 was detected both in tissue specimens as well as free in serum samples; furthermore, MUC1 can also circulate complexed with IgG and IgM antibodies; thus an accurate measurement should include free and complexed forms. On the other hand, immunohistochemical studies on breast cancer tissues may contribute to reveal different MUC1 glycoforms.

Augmented serum levels of the IGF-I/IGF-binding protein-3 ratio in pre-menopausal patients with type I breast cysts.

OBJECTIVE: Gross cystic disease (GCD) is the most common benign breast pathology. Although breast cysts are not considered pre-malignant lesions, an increased risk of breast cancer has been reported for patients with type I cysts (Na(+)/K(+)<3). Furthermore, an augmented IGF-I/IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) ratio has been described in breast cancer patients. The objective was to evaluate serum IGF-I and binding protein concentrations of type I and type II cyst patients as compared with healthy women. METHODS: Twenty-four patients with type I cysts, 17 with type II cysts and 25 healthy women were evaluated. Serum IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-1 concentrations were measured by IRMA. RESULTS: IGF-I concentrations were significantly higher in sera from patients with type I cysts than in patients with type II cysts. A highly significant decrease of IGFBP-3, the major IGFBP, was found in patients with type I cysts with respect to healthy women, whereas no significant difference was evident between the different cyst types. The IGF-I/IGFBP-3 ratio, an estimate of biologically active IGF-I, was very significantly higher in patients with type I cysts than in both type II patients and healthy women. IGFBP-1 levels were significantly lower in patients with type I than in controls and type II cysts. The IGF-I/IGFBP-1 ratio was significantly higher in patients with type I cysts than in type II bearers and healthy women. Estrogen levels correlated with IGF-I in patients and controls. CONCLUSIONS: The enhanced levels of IGF-I/IGFBP-3 found in patients with type I cysts could eventually be associated with the increased risk of breast cancer described for this group.

Parametriectomía radical posthisterectomía por carcinoma inadvertido de cuello uterino / Radical Parametriectomy for Occult Cervical Carcinoma Detected Posthysterectomy

En algunas oportunidades, el estudio del útero extirpado por patología benigna, revela sorpresivamente la presencia de un cáncer cervical invasor. No existen estudios randomizados que comparen las dos modalidades terapéuticas para esta situación (cirugía o radioterápia), y las tasas de sobrevida en ausencia de tumor residual aparenta ser similar con cualquiera de las dos opciones. Presentamos nuestra experiencia con la reoperación radical para el tratamiento del carcinoma oculto del cuello uterino

Parametriectomía radical posthisterectomía por carcinoma inadvertido de cuello uterino / Radical Parametriectomy for Occult Cervical Carcinoma Detected Posthysterectomy

En algunas oportunidades, el estudio del útero extirpado por patología benigna, revela sorpresivamente la presencia de un cáncer cervical invasor. No existen estudios randomizados que comparen las dos modalidades terapéuticas para esta situación (cirugía o radioterápia), y las tasas de sobrevida en ausencia de tumor residual aparenta ser similar con cualquiera de las dos opciones. Presentamos nuestra experiencia con la reoperación radical para el tratamiento del carcinoma oculto del cuello uterino

Investigación de la mucina de tipo 1 (MUC1) circulante y tisular en el cáncer de mama / Investigation of the circulating and tissue type 1 mucin (MUC 1) in the breast cancer

Las mucinas (MUC) son glicoproteínas que se localizan y expresan en la mayoría de los epitelios y han sido recientemente relacionadas con el cáncer de mama. entre ellas, la MUC1 constituye una mólecula de elevado peso molecular que en la célula maligna puede presentar una glicosilación aberrante o incompleta que la convierte en inmunogénica. Los objetivos del presente trabajo de investigación han sido: 1- estudiar la expresión celular de MUC1 en el cáncer de mama y en neoplasias mamarias benignas; 2- estudiar los niveles de MUC1 sérica como marcador tumoral; 3- investigar la relación entre la expresión sérica y tisular y 4- detectar anticuerpos séricos anti MUC1 libres y acomplejados. Se incluyeron 70 pacientes con cáncer de mama de las que se obtuvieron 70 muestras de tejido tumoral y 65 sueros y los controles fueron 5 muestras de tejido normal, 8 displasias y 135 sueros de mujeres sanas. además, se emplearon sueros de pacientes con cáncer de mama pre y post vacunación con un péptido derivado de MUC1. Por otra parte, se utilizaron 3 monoclonales (MAbs) que reaccionan con el centro proteico de la molécula de MUC1: C595, SM3 y HMFG2. Los métodos empleados fueron: inmunocito e inmunohistoquímica con procesamiento de imágenes y análisis cuantitativo, preparación de membranas subcelulares; SDS-PAGE y Western blot, cultivo primario de tumores malignos, ensayos de tumorigenicidad, detección de MUC1 circulante, determinación de complejos inmunes anti-MUC1 y detección de anticuerpos libres anti-MUC1 mediante ELISA (enzimoinmunoensayo en fase líquida); los datos fueron analizados estadísticamente. Los resultados fueron los siguientes: la inmunohistoquímica reveló que las muestras de cáncer de mama fueron positivas en el 73 por ciento con un patrón de expresión fundamentalmente en la membrana plasmática, o bien mixto tanto en la membrana plasmática como en el citoplasma. En los cultivos primarios se observó expresión de MUC1 principalmente citoplásmica en todos los casos con los MAbs empleados. En los controles, el patrón de reactividad fue apical o en la luz de las glándulas siendo negativo el SM3 para las neoplasias benignas. mediante Western-blot fue posible observar que las fracciones subcelulares de neoplasias malignas fueron positivas dando una banda de reacción de >200kD con los tres MAbs ensayados... (TRUNCADO) (AU)

Investigación de la mucina de tipo 1 (MUC1) circulante y tisular en el cáncer de mama / Investigation of the circulating and tissue type 1 mucin (MUC 1) in the breast cancer

Las mucinas (MUC) son glicoproteínas que se localizan y expresan en la mayoría de los epitelios y han sido recientemente relacionadas con el cáncer de mama. entre ellas, la MUC1 constituye una mólecula de elevado peso molecular que en la célula maligna puede presentar una glicosilación aberrante o incompleta que la convierte en inmunogénica. Los objetivos del presente trabajo de investigación han sido: 1- estudiar la expresión celular de MUC1 en el cáncer de mama y en neoplasias mamarias benignas; 2- estudiar los niveles de MUC1 sérica como marcador tumoral; 3- investigar la relación entre la expresión sérica y tisular y 4- detectar anticuerpos séricos anti MUC1 libres y acomplejados. Se incluyeron 70 pacientes con cáncer de mama de las que se obtuvieron 70 muestras de tejido tumoral y 65 sueros y los controles fueron 5 muestras de tejido normal, 8 displasias y 135 sueros de mujeres sanas. además, se emplearon sueros de pacientes con cáncer de mama pre y post vacunación con un péptido derivado de MUC1. Por otra parte, se utilizaron 3 monoclonales (MAbs) que reaccionan con el centro proteico de la molécula de MUC1: C595, SM3 y HMFG2. Los métodos empleados fueron: inmunocito e inmunohistoquímica con procesamiento de imágenes y análisis cuantitativo, preparación de membranas subcelulares; SDS-PAGE y Western blot, cultivo primario de tumores malignos, ensayos de tumorigenicidad, detección de MUC1 circulante, determinación de complejos inmunes anti-MUC1 y detección de anticuerpos libres anti-MUC1 mediante ELISA (enzimoinmunoensayo en fase líquida); los datos fueron analizados estadísticamente. Los resultados fueron los siguientes: la inmunohistoquímica reveló que las muestras de cáncer de mama fueron positivas en el 73 por ciento con un patrón de expresión fundamentalmente en la membrana plasmática, o bien mixto tanto en la membrana plasmática como en el citoplasma. En los cultivos primarios se observó expresión de MUC1 principalmente citoplásmica en todos los casos con los MAbs empleados. En los controles, el patrón de reactividad fue apical o en la luz de las glándulas siendo negativo el SM3 para las neoplasias benignas. mediante Western-blot fue posible observar que las fracciones subcelulares de neoplasias malignas fueron positivas dando una banda de reacción de >200kD con los tres MAbs ensayados... (TRUNCADO)

Ipsilateral superficial inguinal lymphadenectomy for the treatment of early cancer of the vulva.

OBJECTIVE: This study compared the rates of survival, recurrence, and the occurrence of complications after surgery for vulvar cancer in selected patients treated by simple vulvectomy or wide local excision (WLE) and ipsilateral superficial inguinal lymphadenectomies (ISIL) and who were in a representative group of previous patients treated by standard radical surgery (control). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Superficial inguinal lymphadenectomies were performed in 32 patients with laterally localized squamous cell tumors of 1 to 3 cm in size and without palpable lymph nodes. Eight cases, which showed histological evidence of lymph node metastasis, were submitted to conventional radical treatment and excluded from the study. Of the remaining 24 patients, 12 underwent vulvectomy, 7 hemivulvectomy, and 5 WLE. The results of this group were compared with those of 21 historical controls who previously had tumors of 1 to 3 cm and had been treated by radical vulvectomy with superficial and deep bilateral inguinal lymphadenectomy. RESULTS: Dehiscence of the flaps occurred in 66.6% of the control patients and in 8.3% of the ISIL group (chi , p <.0001). There was lymphedema in 13.8% of the controls and none in the ISIL group (Fisher exact test, p <.02). Upon follow-up (3 to 8 years, results are reported for 3 years of follow-up), there were 9.5% vulvar recurrences in the controls and 12.5% in the ISIL group (Fisher exact test, p <.652 not significant). CONCLUSIONS: WLE and deep local excision of the primary lesion and ISIL in selected patients with early vulvar cancer seems to be a safe alternative to the traditional radical method.

Ginecología de Gori

Aparato genital femenino

Etapas evolutivas

Reproducción humana

Patología mamaria