Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy as consolidation treatment of advanced stage ovarian cancer

Objective@#To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) as consolidation treatment after completing first-line treatment in patients with advanced ovarian cancer. @*Methods@#A retrospective chart review was conducted on patients treated at the Comprehensive Gynecologic Cancer Center between January 2014 and 2019. Based on the inclusion criteria, 24 eligible patients who received HIPEC (paclitaxel 175 mg/m2, for 90 minutes, at 42°C) (HIPEC group) as consolidation treatment after terminating the adjuvant chemotherapy were identified. Another 24 patients who met the inclusion criteria and did not receive HIPEC were matched, representing the non-HIPEC group. Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were examined between the two groups. @*Results@#The median DFS was 28.7 and 24.2 months in the HIPEC and non-HIPEC groups, respectively (P=0.688). The 3-year DFS rates in the HIPEC and non-HPEC groups were 39.5% and 32.6%, respectively. However, the median OS was not determined. The 5-year OS rates in the HIPEC and non-HIPEC groups were 86.2% and 81.3%, respectively (P=0.850). One patient developed grade 3 neutropenia. Other patients experienced mild adverse events after HIPEC. @*Conclusion@#This study suggests that consolidation HIPEC could not support the survival benefit after completing the first-line treatment for patients with advanced ovarian cancer, although no severe specific safety issues were found. Therefore, randomized trials evaluating consolidation HIPEC for the management of ovarian cancer are warranted.

Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy as consolidation treatment of advanced stage ovarian cancer

Objective@#To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) as consolidation treatment after completing first-line treatment in patients with advanced ovarian cancer. @*Methods@#A retrospective chart review was conducted on patients treated at the Comprehensive Gynecologic Cancer Center between January 2014 and 2019. Based on the inclusion criteria, 24 eligible patients who received HIPEC (paclitaxel 175 mg/m2, for 90 minutes, at 42°C) (HIPEC group) as consolidation treatment after terminating the adjuvant chemotherapy were identified. Another 24 patients who met the inclusion criteria and did not receive HIPEC were matched, representing the non-HIPEC group. Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were examined between the two groups. @*Results@#The median DFS was 28.7 and 24.2 months in the HIPEC and non-HIPEC groups, respectively (P=0.688). The 3-year DFS rates in the HIPEC and non-HPEC groups were 39.5% and 32.6%, respectively. However, the median OS was not determined. The 5-year OS rates in the HIPEC and non-HIPEC groups were 86.2% and 81.3%, respectively (P=0.850). One patient developed grade 3 neutropenia. Other patients experienced mild adverse events after HIPEC. @*Conclusion@#This study suggests that consolidation HIPEC could not support the survival benefit after completing the first-line treatment for patients with advanced ovarian cancer, although no severe specific safety issues were found. Therefore, randomized trials evaluating consolidation HIPEC for the management of ovarian cancer are warranted.

Oncologic and obstetric outcomes of conservative surgery for borderline ovarian tumors in women of reproductive age

OBJECTIVE: To compare the oncologic and obstetric outcomes in reproductive-age females with borderline ovarian tumors (BOTs) treated with cyst enucleation (CE) or unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (USO). METHODS: The medical records of patients with BOTs treated between 1998 and 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. The recurrence rates in the USO and CE groups were compared, and the postoperative obstetric outcomes were assessed via telephone survey. RESULTS: Eighty-nine patients with BOTs underwent USO, and 19 underwent CE. Of these, six patients had recurrent BOTs. The recurrence rate was significantly lower in the USO group (3/89, 3.4%) than in the CE group (3/19, 15.8%) (P=0.032). All patients with recurrent disease were successfully treated with further surgery. Of the 76 patients interviewed by telephone, 71 (93.4%) resumed regular menstruation after surgery. Twenty-six of the 32 patients (81.3%) who attempted to conceive had successful pregnancies. USO (19/24, 79.2%), like CE (7/8, 87.5%), resulted in favorable pregnancy rates for patients with BOTs. CONCLUSION: USO is a suitable fertility-preserving surgery for women with BOTs. CE is also an acceptable option for select patients.

Induction of apoptosis by the kinase inhibitor flavopiridol in human ovarian cancer cell lines / 부인종양

OBJECTIVE: Flavopiridol that inhibits cyclin-dependent kinase, can cause cell cycle arrest, induce apoptosis in human tumor cell lines. In the present study, we investigated apoptotic effects of flavopiridol and the underlying molecular mechanisms in human ovarian cancer cell lines. METHODS: We used TOV-21G and TOV-112D cell lines. The cell viability was tested by MTT assay and apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL assay and annexin-V binding. Western blot was used to examine apoptosis related protein levels. MAP kinase activity was analyzed by non-radioactive MAP kinase assay kit. RESULTS: Treatment of TOV-21G and TOV-112D cells with flavopiridol (50 nM to 1000 nM) led to a dose- and time-dependent inhibition of cell growth and survival. Dose-related induction of apoptosis was also observed in these cell lines. Flavopiridol (500 nM) induced striking decreases in the levels of the antiapoptic proteins Mcl-1, Bcl-X(L), and XIAP in both cell lines. In contrast, expression of Bax, Bcl-2, and AIF was not significantly influenced by flavopiridol. Although flavopiridol resulted in accumulation of p53 in both cells, flavopiridol mediated apoptosis was p53 independent because it occurred to the same degree in TOV-112D cells in which p53 was inactivated by mutation. Flavopiridol treatment resulted in enhanced cleavage of pro-caspase 9 and activation of caspase 3. Apoptosis was associated with suppression of ERK activity. CONCLUSION: Although the precise mechanisms of flavopiridol mediated cytotoxicity have not been fully defined, these data suggest that flavopiridol has activity against ovarian cancers in vitro and is worthy of continued clinical development in the treatment of ovarian cancer.

Epithelial ovarian cancer in patients under 20 years of age / 대한산부인과학회지

OBJECTIVE: Epithelial ovarian cancer is the most common cause of death due to gynecologic malignancies in adults, but is rare in children and adolescents. This is a report of series of such patients under 20 years of age documenting their presentation, histologic type, stage of disease, treatment, and outcome. METHODS: We collected data on 21 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer under 20 years of age between January 1990 and December 2005. Patient records and pathology were reviewed. RESULTS: Epithelial ovarian cancer under 20 years of age was 2.2% in overall ovarian cancer. Epithelial ovarian cancer was 42.0% among 50 patients under 20 years of age and the most common histologic type was germ cell tumors (54%). The median age at the time of diagnosis was 17.6 years (range, 13-20 years), and the median follow-up was 87 months (range, 4-175 months). There were seventeen (81.0%) mucinous tumors, four (19.0%) serous tumors. About thirty-eight percent were low malignant potential or borderline tumors. About Eighty-five percent (18 patients) of tumors were stage I disease and about fourteen percent (3 patients) were stage III disease at the time of diagnosis. Surgical treatment included conservative surgery in 18 patients (85.7%), total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo- oophorectomy in 3 patients (14.3%). CONCLUSION: Epithelial ovarian cancers are rare in patients in children and adolescents. The majority of ovarian cancers in this age group are mucinous tumors, stage I at diagnosis and borderline ovarian tumor. Conservative management is feasible to achieve preservation of fertility.

Retraction: Comparison of As2O3 and As4O6 in the Detection of SiHa Cervical Cancer Cell Growth Inhibition Pathway / Journal of the Korean Cancer Association, 대한암학회지

No abstract available.

Antiproliferative Effects of Mullerian Inhibiting Substance on Human Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines / 대한산부인과학회지

OBJECTIVE: In order to explore Mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS) effects on the ovarian neoplasia, the expression and localization of the MIS type II receptor (MISR II), the growth inhibitory effects of MIS, and the underlying molecular mechanisms were investigated in the ovarian cancer cell lines. METHODS: Expression of MISR II were studied in SKOV-3, OVCAR-3, and OVCAR-8 cell lines by immunohistochemical staining. The antiproliferative effects of MIS in these cell lines were investigated by methylthiazoletetrazolium (MTT) assay, fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis, annexin-V-FITC binding, and western blot analysis. RESULTS: All cell lines showed strong specific staining for MISR II, although staining in OVCAR-8 cells was more intense than that in SKOV-3 and OVCAR-3. Treatment of OVCAR-8 cells with MIS led to a dose- and time-dependent inhibition of cell growth and survival was determined use by MTT assay. But OVCAR-3 cells exhibited growth inhibition at higher doses after 48 hours of treatment and SKOV-3 cells did not demonstrate response. Using FACS analysis, exposure of OVCAR-8 cells to MIS (71 nM) resulted in G1 arrest after 24 hours of treatment. This pattern was changed by time-dependent increase in the percentage of cells with a sub G0G1 DNA content, suggesting apoptosis, after 48 hours of treatment. These results suggested that cell death be preceded by cell cycle arrest. Time-related induction of apoptosis was also observed in this cell line as measured by annexin-V-FITC binding. In OVCAR-8 cells, the growth inhibitory effects of MIS were mediated through specific induction of CDKI p16 protein expression and via regulation of E2F1 in the absence of detectable levels of pRb. We estimated that OVCAR-3 cells were affected by MIS through p16-independent, alternative mechanistic pathways, since the growth inhibitory effects of MIS were minimal. SKOV-3 cells did not express p16 protein. CONCLUSION: We have demonstrated that ovarian cancer cells express the MISR II. Epithelial ovarian cancer cells respond to MIS by growth inhibition. Although the precise mechanisms of MIS mediated inhibition of ovarian cancer cell growth have not been fully defined, these data suggest that MIS has activity against ovarian cancers in vitro and may also be an effective targeted therapy for ovarian cancer.

Identification of hemoglobin-alpha and -beta subunits as potential serum biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of ovarian cancer.

The development of new biomarkers for ovarian cancer is clearly necessary for the improved detection and monitoring of the disease. Surface enhanced laser desorption and ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS) can be employed in the identification of differentially expressed proteins in cancer cells. The objective of this study was, then, to identify potential diagnostic serological biomarkers for ovarian cancer. We performed protein expression difference analyses of 45 serum samples using SELDI protein chip array. Forty-five sera obtained from ovarian cancer patients (n=35) and normal healthy females (n=10), were profiled on the surface of SELDI protein chip. The candidate biomarkers were purified by CM-Sepharose, and their N-terminal amino sequence was determined. The amounts of hemoglobin (Hb) in cancer patient's sera versus that of normal sera were measured by ELISA. Nine sera proteins that were found to be significantly differentially expressed (P<0.05) between the sera of ovarian cancer patients and that of normal healthy females were selected using the WCX2 array. The most distinctive polypeptide peaks detected in the ovarian cancer samples were at 15.1 and 15.8 kDa and these two peaks were identified as the hemoglobin-alpha (Hb-alpha) and -beta (Hb-beta) chain, respectively. ELISA indicated that the sensitivity for intact Hb level was 77% in sera obtained from ovarian cancer patients, as compared with normal healthy female sera. In conclusion, two ovarian cancer biomarker proteins were discovered and identified as Hb-alpha and Hb-beta. Hb levels were significantly different in ovarian cancer serum samples and those obtained from normal healthy females, as determined by ELISA. Additional studies are required to further validate Hb-alpha and Hb-beta biomarkers.

Proteomic analyses of cervical cancer tissues by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry / 대한산부인과학회지

OBJECTIVE: Comparison of protein expressions by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) in normal cervix and squamous cell carcinoma tissues in Korean women. METHODS: Normal cervix and squamous cell carcinoma tissues were solubilized with 2-DE buffer and the first dimension of PROTEAN IEF CELL, isoelectric focusing (IEF), was performed using pH3-10 linear IPG strips of 17 cm. And then running 12% sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and sliver stain. Scanned image was analyzed using PDQuest 2-D softwareTM. Protein spot spectrum was identified by assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of fighting (MALDI-TOF) and the protein mass spectrum identifications were performed by searching protein databases of Swiss-prot/TrEMBL, Mascot and MS-FIT. RESULTS: We found 9 up-regulation proteins (Alpha enolase, Keratin 19 type I, Keratin 20 type I, Keratin 13 type I, beta-actin, Aflatoxin B1 aldehyde reductase 1, Annexin A2, Squamous cell carcinoma antigen 2, unknown), 7 down-reguation proteins (Annexin 1, Myosin regulatory light chain 2, 14-3-3 protein epsilon, Heat shock 27 kDa protein, Hypothetical protein (DKFZP434C1715), Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 13B, Smoth muscle protein 22-alpha) and 6 up and down-regulation proteins (Tropomyosin 1, Tropomyosin 2, Tropomyosin 3, Serine (or cysteine) proteinase inhibitor, Phosphatidylinositol transfer protein alpha isoform, Src homology 3 domain-containing protein HIP-55) between normal cervix and squamous cell carcinoma cell tissues. CONCLUSION: 2-DE offers total protein expressions between normal cervix and squamous cell carcinoma cell tissues, and searching of differently expressed protein for the diagnostic markers of squamous cell carcinoma tissue.

A case of ovarian metastasis of the recurrent uterine cervical cancer after adjuvant radiation therapy / 대한산부인과학회지

Cervical carcinoma is currently the second most common gynecologic malignancy worldwide with high incidence in developing countries. However, ovarian metastasis in cervical carcinoma is rare. Especially in squamous cell carcinoma of cervical cancer, ovarian metastasis is even more rare. And adenocarcinoma of cervical cancer with gradual increase in incidence, has low ovarian metastasis of 2.0-3.6% in the early stage, although it has high ovarian metastasis in the advanced stage. We experience one case of ovarian metastasis in recurrent cervical adenocarcinoma of stage IB1, and then we report it together with brief review of literatures.

The prognostic factors and survival analysis of primary peritoneal carcinoma / 대한산부인과학회지

OBJECTIVE: To date, few attempts have been made at clinical features and prognostic factors of primary peritoneal carcinoma (PPC) because of low prevalence. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical characteristcs and determine the prognosis factors of PPC. METHODS: From March 1996 to March 2004, a total of 23 women newly diagnosed with PPC were recruited into the study. Overall survival and prognostic factors were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression model. RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 58.7+/-7.6 years and the FIGO stage was advanced disease; stage IIIc (73%) and IV (27%). The mean survival time for patients enrolled was 26.0 months. By univariate analysis, tumor state (p=0.028), performance status (p=0.045), the presence of initial debulking operation (p=0.035), and normalization of CA125 at 3 months of treatment (p=0.003) were significantly correlated with survival. On multivariate analysis, only the normalization of CA125 at 3 months of treatment remained as the independent factor for survival (Odds ratio, 6.896; 95% Confidence interval, 1.504-31.623; p=0.013). CONCLUSION: The mean survival time for patients with PPC was 26.0 months, and the normalization of CA125 at 3 months of treatment was identified as the independent prognostic factor. From this study, we analysis the clinical characteristics of PPC and provide more precise understanding of this disease.

Adenosine 5'-triphosphate induced NF-kappa B and intracellular calcium mobilization in cervical cancer cells / 대한산부인과학회지

OBJECTIVE: To know the effect of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) on intracellular calcium level and cell proliferation in cervical cancer cells. METHODS: Study design: Four different human cervical cancer cell lines (Caski, C33A, HeLaS3 and SiHa) were used in this study. The change of intracellular calcium level, cell proliferation and the activity of proliferation- and calcium-related transcription factors by extracellular ATP were examined in these cell lines. RESULTS: Extracellular ATP induced calcium mobilization, cell proliferation and the activation of NF-kappa B in all cell lines used. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that calcium mobilization and NF-kappa B dependent signaling pathway play an important role in the cell proliferation by ATP in cervical cancer.

Search for Gene Expression in Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma using GeneFishing(TM) DEG PCR Technique / 대한산부인과학회지

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the gene expression profiles using GeneFishing(TM) DEG kit in Korean women with cervical squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS: Cervical cancer biopsies were obtained from patients at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Mary's hodpital. In this study, we used a common reference that was mixed with an equal amount of RNA extracted from non-cervical cancer patients. The profiles of expression genes between cervical normal and squamous cell carcinoma tissue were identified using GeneFishing(TM) DEG Kit and screened by BLAST search. RESULTS: Almost 100 differential expressed genes were identified in universal control and cervical squamous cell carcinoma, 53 of differential expressed genes, up-regulated expression of 32 and 21 down-regulated expression was sequenced. Up-regulated genes were calcylin, calgranulin A, TRK oncogene, HLC5, fibrillarin, collagene type I alpha1 etc. and down-regulated genes were galectin 1, PRP8 pre-mRNA precessing factor 8 homology, clusterin etc. CONCLUSION: We identified gene expression profile in cervical squamous cell carcinoma using GeneFishing(TM) Kit in Korean women. The functional genomics of these genes should be further studied.

Effects of cell growth inhibition on the combination of cisplatin with green tea extracts / 부인종양

OBJECTIVE: The chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II)) is particularly effective against cervical cancer. The purpose of this study is to elucidate combination effect of cisplatin and green tea extracts on the growth inhibition of TC-1 cell. METHODS: To observe the anti-proliferative effects, we treated different doses of cisplatin (0.1, 0.5, 2.5 uM), GTP (1, 5, 25 ug/ml) and EGCG (25, 50, 100 uM). to TC-1 cells. Also, we treated 0.5 uM of cisplatin and different doses of GTP (1 and 5 ug/ml) or EGCG (25 and 50 uM). Cell viability was scored by use of MTT assay. In addition, E6 gene expression patterns in TC-1 cell were investigated by using RT-PCR. RESULTS: Cell growth inhibition in a dose dependent was observed at the different concentration of ciaplatin, GTP and EGCG. Also, in the groups treated by 0.5 uM of cisplatin and GTP (1 and 5 ug/ml) or EGCG (25 and 50 uM), the inhibition of cell growth showed with 12.2%, 6.9% and 63.4%, 72.2% as compared to the group treated by cisplatin only. In RT-PCR, down regulation of E6 was shown. CONCLUSION: Additive effect of the combination of cisplatin with GTP or EGCG on the inhibition of cell growth was observed. This effect suggests the possibility lowering the concentration of chemotherapeutic drugs, which alleviate the side effect of drugs.

Correlation of adenoassociated virus type 2 and high-risk human papillomavirus type 16 and 18 infection in the cervix of Korean women / 대한산부인과학회지

OBJECTIVE: Previous studies were showed that adenoassocited virus (AAV) infection was had negative effects on human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and that the cervical cancer cell growth is inhibited by AAV infection. We detected of AAV 2 and high-risk HPV infection and researched correlation with AAV 2 and HPV in cervical cell. METHODS: Cell of normal cervix (49 persons), infected HPV cervix (45 persons), cervical intraepithelial neoplasm (CIN) I (31 persons), II (20 persons), III (35 persons), and invasive cancer (30 persons) were investigated by PCR using AAV-2 and HPV type 16 and 18 specific primers. RESULTS: AAV 2 was detected in 8 out of 49 normal cervix (16.3%), 2 out of 45 infected HPV cervix (4.4%), 3 out of 31 CIN I (9.7%), 4 out of 20 CIN II (20%), 8 out of 35 CIN III (22.8%), and 3 out of 30 invasive cervical cancer cases (30%). However, HPV 16 was detected in 5 out of 49 normal cervix (10.2%), 20 out of 45 infected HPV cervix (44.4%), 13 out of 31 CIN I (42%), 11 out of 20 CIN II (55%), 19 out of 35 CIN III (54.3%), and 21 out of 30 invasive cervical cancer cases (70%). HPV 18 was detected in 6 out of 49 normal cervix (12.2%), 18 out of 45 infected HPV cervix (40%), 16 out of 31 CIN I (51.6%), 10 out of 20 CIN II (50%), 22 out of 35 CIN III (62.8%), and 13 out of 30 invasive cervical cancer cases (43.3%). CONCLUSION: AAV 2 was detected in normal and infected HPV cervix, CIN (I, II, III) and invasive cervical cancer. As compared to normal, CIN I and CIN II, suggesting significant correlation between AAV 2 and HPV type 16. Further, researches continue to be done relationship to AAV 2 and HPV infection in cervix.

Immunization with Adenoviral Vectors Carrying Recombinant IL-12 and E7 Enhanced the Antitumor Immunity against Human Papillomavirus 16-associated Tumor / Journal of the Korean Cancer Association, 대한암학회지

PURPOSE: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has a significant role in cervical carcinogenesis, and HPV oncoprotein E7 plays an important part in the formation and maintenance of cervical cancer. Interleukin-12 (IL-12) has been reported to induce a cellular immune response, and to suppress the tumor growth and the E7 production. Here we describe the use of adenoviral delivery of the HPV 16 E7 subunit (AdE7) along with adenoviral delivery of IL-12 (AdIL-12) in mice with HPV-associated tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Mice were injected with TC-1 cells to establish TC-1 tumor, and then they were immunized with AdIL-12 and/or AdE7 intratumorally. The anti tumor effects induced by AdIL-12 and/or E7 were evaluated by measuring the size of the tumor. E7-specific antibody and INF-gamma production in sera, and the T-helper cell proliferative responses were then measured. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) and T cell subset depletion studies were also performed. RESULTS: Combined AdIL-12 and AdE7 infection at the tumor sites significantly enhanced the antitumor effects more than that of AdIL-12 or AdE7 single infection. This combined infection resulted in regression of the 9 mm sized tumors in 80% of animals as compare to the PBS group. E7-specific antibody and INF-gamma production in the sera, and the T-helper cell proliferative responses were significantly higher with coinfection of AdIL-12 and AdE7 than with AdIL-12 or AdE7 alone. CTL response induced by AdIL-12 and AdE7 in the coinjected group suggested that tumor suppression was mediated by mostly CD8+ and only a little by the CD4+ T cells. CONCLUSION: IL-12 and E7 application using adenovirus vector showed antitumor immunity effects against TC-1 tumor, and this system could be use in clinical applications for HPV-associated cancer.

Activity of Green Tea Polyphenol Epigallocatechin-3-gallate Against Ovarian Carcinoma Cell Lines / Journal of the Korean Cancer Association, 대한암학회지

PURPOSE: A constituent of green tea, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), is known to possess anti-cancer properties. In this study, the time-course of the anticancer effects of EGCG on human ovarian cancer cells were investigated to provide insights into the molecular-level understanding of the growth suppression mechanism involved in EGCG-mediated apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three human ovarian cancer cell lines (p53 negative, SKOV-3 cells; mutant type p53, OVCAR-3 cells; and wild type p53, PA-1 cells) were used. The effect of EGCG treatment was studied via a cell count assay, cell cycle analysis, FACS, Western blot and macroarray assay. RESULTS: EGCG exerts a significant role in suppressing ovarian cancer cell growth, showed dose dependent growth inhibitory effects in each cell line and induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. The cell cycle was arrested at the G1 phase by EGCG in SKOV-3 and OVCAR-3 cells. In contrast, the cell cycle was arrested in the G1/S phase in PA-1 cells. EGCG differentially regulated the expression of genes and proteins (Bax, p21, Retinoblastoma, cyclin D1, CDK4 and Bcl-XL) more than 2 fold, showing a possible gene regulatory role for EGCG. The continual expression in p21WAF1 suggests that EGCG acts in the same way with p53 proteins to facilitate apoptosis after EGCG treatment. Bax, PCNA and Bcl-X are also important in EGCG-mediated apoptosis. In contrast, CDK4 and Rb are not important in ovarian cancer cell growth inhibition. CONCLUSION: EGCG can inhibit ovarian cancer cell growth through the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, as well as in the regulation of cell cycle related proteins. Therefore, EGCG-mediated apoptosis could be applied to an advanced strategy in the development of a potential drug against ovarian cancer.

Photodynamic Effects of Radachlorin(R) on Cervical Cancer Cells / Journal of the Korean Cancer Association, 대한암학회지

PURPOSE: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a novel treatment modality, which produces local tissue necrosis with laser light following the prior administration of a photosensitizing agent. Radachlorin(R) has recently been shown to be a promising PDT sensitizer. In order to elucidate the antitumor effects of PDT using Radachlorin(R) on cervical cancer, growth inhibition studies on a HPV-associated tumor cell line, TC-1 cells in vitro and animals with an established TC-1 tumor in vivo were determined. MATERIALS AND METHODS: TC-1 tumor cells were exposed to various concentrations of Radachlorin(R) and PDT, with irradiation of 12.5 or 25 J/cm2 at an irradiance of 20 mW/cm2 using a Won-PDT D662 laser at 662 nm in vitro. C57BL/6 mice with TC-1 tumor were injected with Radachlorin(R) via different routes and treated with PDTin vivo. A growth suppression study was then used to evaluate the effects at various time points after PDT. RESULTS: The results showed that irradiation of TC-1 tumor cells in the presence of Radachlorin(R) induced significant cell growth inhibition. Animals with established TC-1 tumors exhibited significantly smaller tumor sizes over time when treated with Radachlorin(R) and irradiation. CONCLUSION: PDT after the application of Radachlorin(R) appears to be effective against TC-1 tumors both in vitro and in vivo.

Expression Profiling of the Cellular Processes in Uterine Leiomyomas: Omic Approaches and IGF-2 Association with Leiomyosarcomas / Journal of the Korean Cancer Association, 대한암학회지

PURPOSE: This study utilized both cDNA microarray and 2D protein gel electrophoresis technology to investigate the multiple interactions of the genes and proteins involved in the pathophysiology of uterine leiomyomas. Also, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis was used to systematically characterize the global expression profiles, which were found to correlate with the leiomyosarcomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The uterine leiomyoma biopsies were obtained from patients in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Catholic University of Korea. Differentially expressed transcriptome and proteome, in 6 paired leiomyoma and normal myometrium, were profiled. The total RNAs from the leiomyoma and normal myometrium were labeled with Cy5 and Cy3. All specimens were punch-biopsy-obtained, and frozen in liquid nitrogen. RESULTS: Screening of up to 17, 000 genes identified 71 that were either up-regulated or down-regulated (21 and 50, respectively). The gene expression profiles were classified into 420 mutually dependent functional sets, resulting in 611 cellular processes, according to the gene ontology. Also, the protein analysis, using 2D gel electrophoresis, identified 33 proteins (17 up-regulated and 16 down-regulated) with more than 500 total spots, which were classified into 302 cellular processes. Of these functional profilings, transcriptomes and proteoms down- regulations were shown in the cell adhesion, cell motility, organogenesis, enzyme regulator, structural molecule activity and responses to external stimulus functional activities, which are supposed to play important roles in the pathophysiology. In contrast, up-regulation was only shown in the nucleic acid binding activity. The CDKN2A, ADH1A, DCX, IGF2, CRABP2 and KIF5C were found to increase the reliability of this study, and correlate with the leiomyosarcomas. CONCLUSION: Potentially significant pathogenetic cellular processes showed that down-regulated functional profiling has an important impact on the discovery of the pathogenic pathways in leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas. GO analysis can also overcome the complexity of the expression profiles of cDNA microarrays and 2D protein analyses, via a cellular process level approach. Thereby, a valuable prognostic candidate gene, with real relevance to disease-specific pathogenesis, can be found at cellular process levels.

Comparison of As2O3 and As4O6 in the Detection of SiHa Cervical Cancer Cell Growth Inhibition Pathway / Journal of the Korean Cancer Association, 대한암학회지

PURPOSE: An arsenical compound, As2O3, has been reported to be effective for treating acute leukemia and inducing apoptosis in many different tumor cells. In this study, the ability of As4O6 to suppress cell growth and induce gene expression patterns was tested using a cDNA microarray in HPV16 immortalized cervical carcinoma cells, SiHa cells, along with As2O3. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A novel arsenical compound, As4O6, was designed and its ability to induce cell growth inhibition as well as gene expression profiles along with As2O3 in HPV16 infected SiHa cervical cancer cells was compared. Both As2O3 and As4O6 induced apoptosis in SiHa cells, as determined by DNA ladder formation. To further compare the gene expression profiles between these two drugs, a 384 cDNA microarray system was employed. Also, the gene expression profiles were classified into the Gene Ontology (GO) to investigate apoptosis-related cellular processes. RESULTS: As4O6 was more effective i suppressing the growth of SiHa cells in vitro compared to As2O3. In the case of treatment with As2O3, 41 genes were up- or down- regulated at least 2 fold compared to non-treatment. However, 65 genes were up- or down-regulated by As4O6 treatment. In particular, 27 genes were commonly regulated by both arsenic compounds. Also, the GO analysis indicated that down-regulation of cell-regulatory functions, such as cell cycle, protein kinase activity and DNA repair, induced anti-tumor effect. CONCLUSION: These data support that As4O6 could be more effective than As2O3 in inhibiting the growth of HPV16 infected cervical cancer cells. This appears to be mediated through a unique, but overlapping regulatory mechanism(s), suggesting that the regulated genes and cellular processes could be further used as a new potential drug approach for treating cervical cancer in clinical settings.