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1.
Int J Mol Sci ; 23(10)2022 May 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35628558

RESUMO

Platelets (PLT) bind to a significant percentage of circulating monocytes and this immunomodulatory interaction is increased in several inflammatory and autoimmune conditions. The therapeutic blockage of IL-6 with Tocilizumab (TCZ) alters PLT and the phenotype and function of monocytes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the relationship between monocyte−PLT conjugates (CD14+PLT+) and clinical and immunological variables and the regulation of this interaction by IL-6 blockage are still unknown. Here, we compared the presence of monocyte−PLT conjugates (CD14+PLT+) and membrane CD162 expression using flow cytometry, and, by ELISA, the markers of PLT activation (sCD62P and sCD40L) in healthy donors (HD) and patients with long-standing RA before TCZ (baseline). We found higher percentages and absolute counts of CD14+PLT+, and higher plasmatic levels of sCD62P and sCD40L but lower CD162 expression on monocytes from RA patients than those from HD. Additionally, the levels of CD14+PLT+ inversely correlated with inflammatory parameters. Interestingly, 95% of patients with lower percentages of CD14+PLT+ and only 63% of patients with higher percentages of CD14+PLT+ achieved a EULAR-defined response at four weeks (p = 0.036). After TCZ, the percentage of CD14+PLT+ increased in 92% of RA patients who achieved 12 w-remission (p < 0.001). Our results suggest that the binding of PLTs has a modulatory effect, accentuated by the increased binding of PLTs to monocytes in response to the therapeutic blockage of IL-6.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados , Artrite Reumatoide , Plaquetas , Monócitos , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/uso terapêutico , Artrite Reumatoide/tratamento farmacológico , Plaquetas/citologia , Citometria de Fluxo , Humanos , Interleucina-6/antagonistas & inibidores , Monócitos/citologia
2.
Rev. esp. salud pública ; 96: e202202011-e202202011, Feb. 2022. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-211279

RESUMO

Fundamentos: En España, solo en 2019 se produjeron un total de 95.149 interrupciones voluntarias de embarazo (IVE), el 90% a petición de la mujer, de las cuales un 53% tenían al menos un hijo. Situación que resalta la importancia de la planificación familiar posparto (PFP) y la labor de los profesionales que se encargan de su promoción. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar si las matronas y el resto de los profesionales de Enfermería consideran la PFP como una actividad de su rol profesional y cómo la desarrollan, así como identificar sus conocimientos sobre ella. Métodos: Estudio realizado mediante un cuestionario ad hoc entre marzo de 2017 y junio de 2019 en tres grupos de profesionales de Enfermería dedicados al cuidado de la mujer (n=153) compuestos por: 1) enfermeras especialistas en Enfermería Obstétrico-Ginecológica (matronas) del Servicio de Paritorio; 2) matronas de Atención Primaria; 3) enfermeras de la Unidad de Puerperio, procedentes de 3 hospitales y sus 37 Centros de Salud asociados. Los análisis por grupo laboral y las comparaciones entre las distintas actividades profesionales se realizaron en las variables cualitativas mediante test chi-cuadrado de Pearson o razón de verosimilitudes, según tamaño de la muestra, y en las variables cuantitativas mediante test de Kruskal-Wallis.Resultados: No todos los profesionales consideran la PFP una actividad de su rol profesional ni existe consenso en su desarrollo (P<0,001). En relación al nivel de conocimiento, existen diferencias entre los profesionales en cuanto al periodo en el que se debe informar a la mujer sobre PFP (P=0,002), solo un 12,7% conocen que la PFP se debe iniciar a partir del día 21 posparto, y aunque un 95,4% son conocedores de la incompatibilidad de la lactancia materna con algunos métodos anticonceptivos, este conocimiento es mayor entre las matronas que entre las enfermeras generalistas (P=0,012).(AU)


Background: In Spain, a total of 95,149 voluntaryterminations of pregnancy (VTP) took place only in the year 2019, 90% of them requested by the woman, 53% of whom had at least one child. This situation highlights the relevance of postpartum family planning (PFP) and the work of the professionals in charge of its promotion. The aim of this study was to establish whether midwives and the rest of the nursing professionals regard PFP as an activity to perform within their professional role and how they implement it, as well as to identify their knowledge on it. Methods: Study performed through an ad-hoc questionnaire between March 2017 and June 2019 in three groups of Nursing professionals dedicated to woman care (n=153) made up of: 1) Nurses specialized in Obstetrics & Gynecology Nursing (Midwifery) of the Delivery suite Department; 2) midwives in Primary Care; 3) Nurses in Postpartum Unit from 3 different hospitals and 37 associated health centers. Analysis by labor group and the comparison of the different professional activities were performed through Pearson chi-squared test or a likelihood ratio, depending on sample size in qualitative variables, and in quantitative variables, by Kruskal-Wallis’ test. Results: Not all professionals regard PFP as an activity within their professional role, and there is no consensus regarding its implementation (P<0.001). Concerning their level of knowledge, there are differences among professionals regarding the timeframe when the woman should receive the information on PFP (P=0.002), only 13% of them know that PFP should be started from day 21 of postpartum, and although 95% of them know about the incompatibility of breastfeeding with some contraceptive methods, this knowledge is higher among midwives than among general nurses (P=0.012).


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Profissionais de Enfermagem Pediátrica , Planejamento Familiar , Período Pós-Parto , Tocologia , Enfermeiros Obstétricos , Anticoncepção , Aleitamento Materno , Inquéritos e Questionários , Espanha , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Transversais , Saúde Pública , Saúde da Mulher
3.
Reumatol. clín. (Barc.) ; 18(1): 33-41, Ene. 2022. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-204780

RESUMO

Objective: We aimed to develop recommendations for the management of methotrexate (MTX) when considering the combination with biological (b) or targeted synthetic (ts) disease modifying drugs (DMARDs) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods: Eleven experts on RA were selected. Two coordinators formulated 13 questions about the combination therapy of MTX with bDMARDs or tsDMARDs. A systematic review was conducted to answer the questions. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were established as well as the search strategies (Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched up to January 2019). Two reviewers selected the articles and collected data. Simultaneously, EULAR and ACR meeting abstracts were evaluated. Based on this evidence, the coordinators proposed preliminary recommendations that the experts discussed and voted in a nominal group meeting. The level of evidence and grade of recommendation was established using the Oxford Center for Evidence Based Medicine and the level of agreement with a Delphi. Agreement was established if at least 80% of the experts voted ‘yes’ (yes/no). Results: The systematic review retrieved 513 citations of which 61 were finally included. A total of 10 recommendations were generated, voted and accepted. The level of agreement was very high in all of them and it was achieved in the first Delphi round. Final recommendations cover aspects such as the optimal MTX dosage, tapering strategy or patients’ risk management. Conclusions: This document is intended to help clinicians solve usual clinical questions and facilitate decision making when treating RA patients with MTX in combination with bDMARDs or tsDMARDs.(AU)


Objetivo: Desarrollar recomendaciones sobre el uso de metotrexato (MTX) en combinación con medicamentos modificadores de la enfermedad (DMARD) biológicos (b) o sintéticos específicos (ts) en la artritis reumatoide (AR). Métodos: Se seleccionaron 11 expertos en AR. Dos coordinadores formularon 13 preguntas sobre la terapia combinada de MTX con bDMARD o tsDMARD. Se realizó una revisión sistemática para responder las preguntas. Se establecieron criterios de inclusión y exclusión, así como las estrategias de búsqueda (se realizaron búsquedas en Medline, Embase y la Biblioteca Cochrane hasta enero de 2019). Dos revisores seleccionaron los artículos y recopilaron datos. Simultáneamente, se evaluaron los resúmenes de las reuniones EULAR y ACR. Con base en esta evidencia, los coordinadores propusieron recomendaciones preliminares que los expertos discutieron y votaron en una reunión de grupo nominal. El nivel de evidencia y el grado de recomendación se establecieron utilizando el Centro de Oxford para Medicina Basada en Evidencia y el nivel de acuerdo con un Delphi. El acuerdo se estableció si al menos el 80% de los expertos votaron «sí» (sí/no). Resultados: La revisión sistemática recuperó 513 citas, de las cuales finalmente se incluyeron 61. Se generaron, votaron y aceptaron un total de 10 recomendaciones. El nivel de acuerdo fue muy alto en todas ellas y se logró en la primera ronda de Delphi. Las recomendaciones finales cubren aspectos como la dosis óptima de MTX, la estrategia de reducción o la gestión del riesgo de los pacientes. Conclusiones: Este documento está destinado a ayudar a los médicos a resolver preguntas clínicas habituales y facilitar la toma de decisiones al tratar a pacientes con AR con MTX, en combinación con bDMARD o tsDMARD.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Antirreumáticos/uso terapêutico , Artrite Reumatoide/tratamento farmacológico , Metotrexato/uso terapêutico , Medicamentos Sintéticos/uso terapêutico , Medicina Baseada em Evidências , Reumatologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Combinação de Medicamentos , Quimioterapia Combinada
4.
Preprint em Inglês | medRxiv | ID: ppmedrxiv-20086090

RESUMO

OBJECTIVESTo investigate the incidence of COVID-19 in a cohort of adult and paediatric patients with rheumatic diseases receiving targeted biologic and synthetic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (tDMARDs) and to explore the possible effect of these treatments in the clinical expression of COVID-19. METHODSA cross-sectional study comprising of a telephone survey and electronic health records review was performed including all adult and paediatric patients with rheumatic diseases treated with tDMARDs in a large rheumatology tertiary centre in Barcelona, Spain. Demographics, disease activity, COVID-19 related symptoms and contact history data were obtained from the start of the 2020 pandemic. Cumulative incidence of confirmed cases (SARS-CoV-2 positive PCR test) was compared to the population estimates for the same city districts from a governmental COVID-19 health database. Suspected cases were defined following WHO criteria and compared to those without compatible symptoms. RESULTS959 patients with rheumatic diseases treated with tDMARDs were included. We identified 11 confirmed SARS-CoV-2 positive cases in the adult cohort and no confirmed positive cases in the paediatric cohort. All patients had a successful recovery and only one patient required admission in the intensive care unit. When using the same classification criteria (only COVID-19 positive cases with pneumonia), COVID-19 incidence rates of the rheumatic patient cohort were very similar to that of the general population [(0.48% (95% CI 0.09 to 8.65%)] and [0.58% (95% CI 5.62 to 5.99%)], respectively. We found significant differences in tDMARDs proportions between the suspected and non-suspected cases (p=0.002). CONCLUSIONAdult and paediatric patients with rheumatic diseases on tDMARDs do not seem to present a higher risk of COVID-19 or a more severe disease outcome when compared to general population. Our exploratory analysis suggests that the proportion of COVID-19 suspected cases differs between tDMARDs.

5.
Emergencias (St. Vicenç dels Horts) ; 30(1): 50-53, feb. 2018. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-169896

RESUMO

Objetivo. Valorar la utilidad de la tomografía computarizada (TC) para identificar la hemorragia subaracnoidea (HSA) en pacientes que consultan en el servicio de urgencias por cefalea súbita sin déficit neurológico dentro de las seis primeras horas desde el comienzo de los síntomas. Método. Estudio observacional, retrospectivo, de pacientes que consultaron por cefalea súbita, no traumática, con un pico de máxima intensidad dentro de la hora previa y sin déficit neurológico. A todos los pacientes se les realizó una TC seguida de una punción lumbar (PL) si la TC era normal, y seguimiento a los 6 meses. Resultados. Se incluyeron 85 pacientes. Se diagnosticaron 10 (10,2%) casos de HSA en la TC, y se realizaron 74 PL, en pacientes con una TC negativa, de las que una fue positiva y dos no concluyentes, pero en estudios posteriores de imagen se descartó la HSA. En total, la PL en 74 pacientes con TC normal no confirmó ningún caso de HSA. Tampoco se confirmó ningún caso durante el seguimiento. Conclusiones. En los pacientes con cefalea súbita y sospecha de HSA, sin inconsciencia ni focalidad neurológica, una TC de alta resolución realizada en las primeras 6 horas desde la aparición de la cefalea fue suficiente para confirmar o descartar ese diagnóstico (AU)


Objective. To assess the usefulness of computed tomography (CT) to identify subarachnoid bleeding in patients with neurologic deficits seeking emergency care for sudden headache within 6 hours of onset of symptoms. Methods. Retrospective observational study of patients presenting with sudden nontraumatic headache peaking during the previous hour in the absence of neurologic deficits. We ordered CT scans for all patients, and if the scan was normal we performed a lumbar puncture. All patients were then followed for 6 months. Results. Eighty-five patients were included. Subarachnoid bleeding was identified in 10 (10.2%) patients by CT. Seventy-four lumbar punctures were performed in patients with negative CTs; the lumbar puncture was positive in 1 patient and inconclusive in 2 patients. In all 3 patients, bleeding was ruled out with later images; thus, no cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage were confirmed in the 74 patients who underwent lumbar puncture. Nor were any cases found in any of these patients during follow-up. Conclusions. A CT scan taken within 6 hours of onset of sudden headache is sufficient for confirming or ruling out subarachnoid bleeding in patients with sudden headache who have no neurologic déficits (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Cefaleia/complicações , Punção Espinal/métodos , Hemorragia Subaracnóidea/complicações , Hemorragia Subaracnóidea/diagnóstico por imagem , Serviços Médicos de Emergência/métodos , Tomografia Computadorizada de Emissão/métodos , Garantia da Qualidade dos Cuidados de Saúde/organização & administração , Estudos Retrospectivos
6.
Reumatol. clín. (Barc.) ; 13(5): 282-286, sept.-oct. 2017. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-165225

RESUMO

Objectives. Spanish clinical guidelines recommend screening patients for tuberculosis (TB) before TNF inhibitors (TNFi) treatment. Our objective was to estimate the prevalence of TST seroconversion as an estimation of the prevalence of latent TB in patients with rheumatic diseases and TNFi treatment that have already been screened for tuberculosis. Methods. TST, booster and chest x-ray were performed to patients with rheumatic diseases, TNFi treatment, negative tuberculin skin tests before treatment and that were attending the rheumatology Department of three different hospitals in Barcelona. According to the Spanish Society Rheumatology guidelines, these patients had not received TB prophylaxis treatment. Results. One hundred and forty patients were included in the study. The tuberculin skin test was positive in 4.28% (n=6) of the patients. 50% of the patients were undergoing TNFi ≤ 2 years, being two of the patients only one year on the TNFi when a positive TST was detected. This shows that a conversion of the TST can occur even few months or years after the TNFi is started. Conclusions. The present study observed that 4.28% of patients with rheumatic diseases on TNFi who did not have performed a pre-treatment TB prophylaxis, had a conversion of the TST. Moreover, the conversion of the TST had been within the first two years of treatment in half of the patients of our cohort. In spite of these results, false TST positives in the diagnosis of latent TB cannot be excluded as an explanation for our results (AU)


Objetivos. Las guías de la Sociedad Española de Reumatología recomiendan el cribaje de tuberculosis (TB) antes del tratamiento con inhibidores del TNF (TNFi). El objetivo de este estudio fue estimar la prevalencia de seroconversión de la PT como estimación de la prevalencia de TB latente en pacientes con enfermedades reumáticas y tratamiento con TNFi a los que ya se había realizado el cribaje de TB previo al tratamiento. Métodos. Se realizó un cribado de TB a los pacientes con enfermedades reumáticas en tratamiento con TNFi, con un screening pre-tratamiento negativo, que acudían al servicio de reumatología de tres hospitales de Barcelona. De acuerdo a las guías, estos pacientes no habían recibido tratamiento profiláctico para la TB. Resultados. Se incluyeron a 140 pacientes. La PT fue positiva en 4,28% (n=6) de los pacientes. El 50% de los pacientes estaban en tratamiento con TNFi por ≤ 2 años y había dos pacientes que solo llevaban un año con TNFi. Esto muestra que la seroconversión de la PT puede ocurrir incluso poco tiempo después de iniciado el tratamiento con TNFi. Conclusiones. Se observó que un 4,28% de los pacientes con enfermedades reumáticas en tratamiento con TNFi y que no habían realizado una profilaxis para TB previa al tratamiento tenían una seroconversión de la PT. Esta seroconversión había tenido lugar durante los dos años siguientes al inicio del tratamiento, en la mitad de los pacientes de la cohorte estudiada. A pesar de estos resultados, no se pueden excluir falsos positivos a la PT (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/administração & dosagem , Doenças Reumáticas/diagnóstico , Tuberculose Latente/complicações , Soroconversão , Antibioticoprofilaxia , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/uso terapêutico , Estudos Transversais/métodos , Estudos de Coortes , Inquéritos e Questionários , Isoniazida/uso terapêutico
7.
Reumatol. clín. (Barc.) ; 12(6): 319-322, nov.-dic. 2016. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-157432

RESUMO

Objetivo. Evaluar la eficacia y la seguridad a corto plazo del tratamiento de pacientes con artritis reumatoide (AR) con rituximab (RTX) comparado con un anti-TNF (2TNF) tras retirada de un primer anti-TNF. Métodos. Estudio multicéntrico prospectivo, observacional, de práctica clínica de pacientes con AR grave refractaria a anti-TNF que recibieron RTX comparados con los que recibieron un 2TNF. Comparación de las variables de eficacia y respuesta EULAR buena/moderada a los 6 meses. Resultados. Ciento tres pacientes incluidos; 82 alcanzan seguimiento a 6 meses, 73,7% mujeres. Datos basales grupo RTX y 2TNF, respectivamente: 8,6 y 6,6 NAD, 8,8 y 7,5 NAI, 5,45 ± 1,28 y 5,18 ± 1,21 en DAS28 (p=0,048), 41 y 38,7mmHg de VSG, y 1,2 y 1,0 en HAQ. Mejoría en todos los parámetros en ambos grupos sin diferencias significativas (excepto mayor reducción de VSG con RTX). Ausencia de efectos adversos graves. Conclusiones. El uso de RTX en segunda línea de terapia biológica tras fallo a un primer anti-TNF en práctica clínica muestra mejoría en las variables de eficacia y funcionalidad a los 6 meses, sin presentar efectos adversos graves. Estos resultados no difieren de los observados tras el uso de un segundo anti-TNF en el mismo escenario clínico (AU)


Objective. to compare the short-term efficacy and safety of rituximab (RTX) therapy versus anti-TNF in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients after discontinuation of a first anti-TNF agent. Methods. prospective observational multicenter study in the clinical practice setting, involving patients with severe RA refractory to a first anti-TNF agent, who received either RTX or a second anti-TNF (2TNF), comparing the efficacy endpoints, EULAR response (Good/Moderate) and safety at 6 months. Results. 103 patients enrolled, 82 completed 6-month follow-up, 73.7% women. Baseline data for RTX and 2TNF groups, respectively: TJC, 8.6 and 6.6; SJC, 8.8 and 7.5; DAS28 score, 5.45 (±1.28) and 5.18 (±1.21) (p=0.048), ESR, 41 and 38.7mmHg; and HAQ, 1.2 and 1.0. Improvement was observed in all parameters, with no significant differences (except for a more marked reduction in ESR with RTX). There were no serious adverse events. Conclusions. RTX use as second-line therapy after anti-TNF failure led to improvements in the efficacy and functional variables at 6 months, with no serious adverse events. These results were comparable to those observed in patients who used a second anti-TNF agent in the same clinical scenario (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Artrite Reumatoide/tratamento farmacológico , Rituximab/uso terapêutico , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/uso terapêutico , Terapia Biológica/métodos , Terapia Biológica , Resultado do Tratamento , Avaliação de Eficácia-Efetividade de Intervenções , Estudos Prospectivos , Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido/normas , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Inquéritos e Questionários
8.
J Hypertens ; 34(2): 338-44, 2016 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26599225

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Hypertensive patients present a higher risk for developing atrial fibrillation and its complications. Cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) have shown reliable atrial fibrillation detection as atrial high-rate episodes (AHREs). The presence of AHRE more than 5 min has been related to increased risk of stroke, but a high proportion of ischemic brain lesions (IBLs) could be subclinical and thromboembolic risk underestimated. METHODS: We included hypertensive patients with CIED and we analyzed the incidence of AHRE and the presence of IBL on computed tomography (CT) scan. RESULTS: One hundred and twenty-three patients (57% men) aged 77 ± 8 years were evaluated during a mean follow-up of 15 ± 9 months. AHREs were documented in 46 patients (37%). Cranial CT scan showed silent IBL in 34 patients (27%). Univariate analysis showed that age, CHADS2 and CHADS2VA2Sc scores, history of prior stroke/ transient ischemic attack and the presence of AHRE were significantly related to higher risk for IBL on CT scan (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that the presence of AHRE more than 5 min [odds ratio 3.05 (1.19-7.81; P < 0.05)] was an independent predictor of IBL. CONCLUSION: Silent atrial fibrillation detected by CIED as AHRE is really prevalent in hypertensive patients. AHREs were independently associated with a higher incidence of silent IBL on CT scan.


Assuntos
Fibrilação Atrial/complicações , Infarto Encefálico/etiologia , Hipertensão/complicações , Marca-Passo Artificial , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Fibrilação Atrial/terapia , Infarto Encefálico/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Ataque Isquêmico Transitório/complicações , Masculino , Fatores de Risco , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/complicações , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X
9.
Rev. esp. geriatr. gerontol. (Ed. impr.) ; 50(6): 274-280, nov.-dic. 2015. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-143498

RESUMO

Introducción. Las caídas en los ancianos son un problema de salud pública. El objetivo de este estudio es obtener datos españoles y actualizados sobre la frecuencia de caídas en la población mayor, sus repercusiones y los factores de riesgo asociados a las mismas. Material y métodos. Estudio prospectivo sobre una muestra probabilística de 772 ancianos españoles, residentes en la comunidad, que fueron seguidos durante un año. En la visita basal se recogieron datos sobre su capacidad funcional, historia de caídas, antecedentes patológicos, número de fármacos, alteraciones del equilibrio, ayudas para la marcha, capacidad cognitiva y síntomas depresivos. El seguimiento se realizó mediante llamadas telefónicas trimestrales en las que se registraron el número de caídas del periodo, datos sobre sus consecuencias y sobre el uso de recursos sanitarios. Resultados. El 28,4% (IC95% 24,9-32,1) de los participantes presentaron una o más caídas anuales. El 9,9% (IC95% 7,4-11,4) tuvieron múltiples caídas. Un tercio de las caídas fueron por causa extrínseca accidental. El 9,3% de las personas que cayeron tuvieron fracturas (el 3,1% tuvieron fractura de cadera) y el 55,4% requirió asistencia médica (el 29% en urgencias hospitalarias; un 7,3% fueron ingresados). Los factores de riesgo identificados en análisis multivariante fueron: edad avanzada (> 79 años), no tener pareja, consumir más de 2 fármacos, dependencia para ABVD, disminución de fuerza o equilibrio y marcha con ayuda técnica. Conclusiones. Las caídas siguen siendo un problema de salud pública de primer orden. Algunos de los factores de riesgo asociados son modificables, por lo que impera la implantación de programas encaminados a reducir el problema (AU)


Introduction. Falls in the elderly constitute a public health concern. The objective of the present study was to collect updated data on the frequency of falls in the Spanish elderly population, as well as to analyse their consequences and associated risk factors. Material and methods. This prospective study was conducted on a probabilistic sample of 772 Spanish, community dwelling, older adults. During the baseline visit, data were collected on functional capacity, history of falls, disease background, number of medications used, balance impairment, use of walking aids, cognitive capacity and depression symptoms. Participants were followed up for one year by means of quarterly phone calls, where they were asked about the number of falls occurred in that period, as well as their consequences and associated use of healthcare resources. Results. During the one-year follow up period, 28.4% (95%CI 24.9-32.1) of participants suffered one or more falls, while 9.9% (95%CI 7.4-11.4) suffered multiple falls. One-third of the falls were due to accidental extrinsic causes. Among participants who had suffered falls, 9.3% suffered a fracture (3.1% hip fracture), and 55.4% required healthcare services (29% were managed in the hospital emergency room, and 7.3% were admitted to hospital). Risk factors identified through multivariate analysis were: advanced age (> 79 years), not having a companion, using more than 2 drugs, dependency in BADLs, impaired strength or balance, and use of walking aids. Conclusions. Falls continue to be a major public health concern in Spain. Given that some of the associated risk factors may be modified, introducing programs aimed at tackling this problem should be regarded as a priority (AU)


Assuntos
Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Acidentes/mortalidade , Acidentes/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores de Risco , Acidentes por Quedas/mortalidade , Acidentes por Quedas/prevenção & controle , Acidentes por Quedas/estatística & dados numéricos , Marcha Atáxica/epidemiologia , Prevenção de Acidentes/métodos , Saúde Pública/métodos , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos Longitudinais , Estudos de Coortes
10.
Rev. logop. foniatr. audiol. (Ed. impr.) ; 35(2): 53-61, abr.-jun. 2015. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-136235

RESUMO

En el ámbito de la evaluación acústica del sistema fonador, las diferentes herramientas conocidas no están exentas de la necesidad de interpretar sus resultados y de un conocimiento amplio de las características de la señal de voz en los diferentes dominios de representación. En este trabajo se presenta una simple y robusta herramienta de software que tiene como objetivo documentar la calidad de voz a partir de una grabación de una vocal sostenida, cuantificando objetivamente y de forma automática 4 fenómenos físicos que permiten realizar una medición de la calidad de la voz. Estos 4 fenómenos físicos se han denominado: estabilidad de la voz, riqueza espectral, presencia de ruido e irregularidades en las masas. Se ha desarrollado un software que de manera automática identifica las variaciones de la normalidad de los 4 fenómenos físicos y, por tanto, permite diferenciar de forma objetiva las voces normales de las patológicas. Para el análisis de las prestaciones del sistema que se presenta se han evaluado 86 locutores de control y 155 locutores con patologías laríngeas variadas con diferentes grados de disfonía. En el estudio realizado se ha obtenido una sensibilidad del 89% y una especificidad de 89,5% en la discriminación entre voces normales y patológicas. Con el estudio clínico realizado hemos demostrado que la herramienta es clínicamente relevante en la evaluación y documentación de pacientes con trastornos de la voz (AU)


In the field of acoustic evaluation of the phonatory system, the distinct available tools are not exempt from the need to interpret their results and for extensive knowledge of the characteristics of the speech signal in the different domains of representation. This article presents a simple and robust software tool that aims to document voice quality from a recording of a sustained vowel. This tool measures four physical phenomena that define voice quality objectively and automatically. These four physical phenomena are referred to as: voice stability, spectral richness, the presence of noise, and mass irregularities. We have developed a software tool that automatically identifies variations in the four physical phenomena with respect to their normal ranges, and therefore allows normal voice to be differentiated from pathological voices. To analyze the performance of this system, we evaluated 86 speakers in a control group and 155 speakers with various laryngeal disorders and distinct degrees of dysphonia. A sensitivity of 89% and a specificity of 89.5% were obtained in discriminating between normal and pathological voices. This clinical study shows that the tool is clinically relevant in the assessment and documentation of patients with voice disorders (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Distúrbios da Voz/diagnóstico , Qualidade da Voz , Disfonia/diagnóstico , Acústica da Fala , Diagnóstico por Computador/métodos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade
11.
Clín. investig. arterioscler. (Ed. impr.) ; 27(1): 1-8, ene.-feb. 2015. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-131377

RESUMO

Objetivo: Evaluar el porcentaje de sujetos con dislipidemias genéticas que alcanzaba el objetivo terapéutico de colesterol-LDL tras un año de seguimiento en las unidades de lípidos y riesgo vascular (URLV) de la Sociedad Española de Arteriosclerosis (SEA). Diseño: Estudio observacional, longitudinal, retrospectivo, multicéntrico que incluyó de forma consecutiva a pacientes de ambos sexos mayores de 18 años remitidos por dislipidemias a las ULRV de la SEA. Se recogió información de la historia clínica del paciente en la primera visita y al año de seguimiento. Resultados: Participaron 527 pacientes diagnosticados de una dislipidemia genética, 241 de hipercolesterolemia familiar heterocigota (HFH) y 286 de hiperlipidemia familiar combinada (HFC). La mediana de tiempo entre las 2 visitas fue de 12,9 meses. La edad media fue de 48 años, siendo el 60% varones. En la visita final un 94% tomaba una estatina, un tercio lo asociaba a ezetimiba, pero solo un 41% tomaba un tratamiento hipolipemiante de alta potencia. Un 28,5% de los participantes alcanzó un colesterol-LDL < 100 mg/dl, un 35,8% consiguió un descenso del colesterol-LDL > 50% en la última visita y un 53,8% alguno de los 2 objetivos. En el análisis multivariante la edad, el tabaquismo y la presencia de enfermedad vascular (solo en los sujetos con HFC) se asociaron significativamente con la consecución del objetivo del colesterol-LDL. Conclusión: Más de la mitad de los pacientes con dislipidemias genéticas alcanza algún objetivo terapéutico de colesterol-LDL tras un año de seguimiento. La utilización de tratamientos con mayor potencia hipolipemiante podría mejorar estos resultados


Objective: To evaluate low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDLc) achieved in patients with genetic dyslipidemia treated during one year in Lipid and Vascular Risk Units (LVRU) of the Spanish Society of Arteriosclerosis (SSA). Design: Observational, longitudinal, retrospective, multicenter national study that included consecutive patients of both sexes over 18 years of age referred due to dyslipidemia to LVRU of the SSA. Information was collected from medical records corresponding to two visits in the lipid unit. Results: A total of 527 patients (mean age 48 years, 60.0% men) diagnosed with genetic dyslipidemia (241 with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, and 286 with familial combined hyperlipidemia) were included. The mean follow-up was 12.9 months. In the last visit, 94% were taking statins, one third combined with ezetimibe, although only 41% were taking a high-intensity hypolipidemic treatment. Overall, 28.5% of patients attained an LDLc level < 100 mg/dL, 35.8% decreased their LDLc by > 50%, and 53.8% achieved one of the two. Predictors of target LDLc levels in the multivariate analysis were age, smoking habit and the presence of vascular disease. Conclusion: Over half of the patients with genetic dyslipidemia followed up by LVRU of SSA achieve LDLc objectives after one year of follow-up. The use of high-intensity hypolipidemic treatment could improve these results


Assuntos
Humanos , LDL-Colesterol/análise , Dislipidemias/genética , Hiperlipoproteinemia Tipo II/fisiopatologia , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/uso terapêutico , Anticolesterolemiantes/uso terapêutico , Resultado do Tratamento
12.
Gastroenterol. hepatol. (Ed. impr.) ; 37(8): 443-451, oct. 2014.
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-127290

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The diagnosis and treatment of chronic hepatitis C are major concerns in prisons. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this randomized clinical trial was to determine the extent to which directly observed therapy (DOT) improved the efficacy of the standard treatment for chronic hepatitis C in the prison setting. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A randomized clinical trial was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of a DOT compared with a self-administered therapy in prison inmates who underwent standard treatment for chronic hepatitis C (based on pegylated interferon alpha-2a and ribavirin). RESULTS: A total of 252 inmates were randomized, of which 244 were analyzed: 109 in the DOT group and 135 in the non-DOT group. The mean age was 35.88 years (SD 6.54), 94.3% were men, 72.1% reported intravenous drug use, 21.3% were HIV co-infected, and 55.3% had genotype 1 or 4. The patients received the study treatment for a median time of 33.9 weeks in the overall sample. Sustained virological response was achieved in 60.6% (95% CI, 51.17-69.22) of the DOT group and in 65.9% (95% CI, 57.59-73.38) of the standard therapy group (risk ratio = 0.92; 95% CI, 0.76-1.12). The mean proportion of patients continuing the treatment was 83% (SD = 31). Adverse events were reported in 93.4% of the patients, and serious adverse events were reported in 8.2%, with no significant differences between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Sustained virological response was remarkably high, although there were no differences between groups, probably due to high treatment adherence


ANTECEDENTES: El diagnóstico y tratamiento de la hepatitis C crónica son una preocupación importante en los centros penitenciarios. OBJETIVOS: El propósito de este ensayo clínico aleatorizado fue determinar hasta qué punto el tratamiento directamente observado (TDO) mejoraba la eficacia del tratamiento estándar para la hepatitis C crónica en el ámbito penitenciario. PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: Ensayo clínico aleatorizado para evaluar la eficacia del TDO comparado con el tratamiento auto-administrado en internos que reciben régimen estándar para la hepatitis C crónica (interferón pegilado alfa-2a y ribavirina). RESULTADOS: Se aleatorizaron un total de 252 sujetos, de los cuales se analizaron 244: 109 el grupo TDO y 135 en el grupo no-TDO. La media de edad fue 35,88 (DE 6,54), 94,3% eran hombres,72,1% eran usuarios de drogas intravenosas, 21,3% co-infectados con HIV y 55,3% tenían genotipo1 o 4. En la muestra global, los pacientes recibieron el tratamiento del estudio durante una mediana de tiempo de 33,9 semanas. La respuesta virológica sostenida fue llamativamente elevada, aunque no hubo diferencias entre grupos, probablemente debido a la elevada adherencia al tratamiento en las dos ramas (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Hepatite C Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Ribavirina/uso terapêutico , Interferons/uso terapêutico , Terapia Diretamente Observada/métodos , Prisioneiros/estatística & dados numéricos , Carga Viral , Cooperação do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos de Casos e Controles
14.
Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol ; 26(10): 1083-9, 2014 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25076064

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Imprisonment entails a golden opportunity for chronic hepatitis C treatment, as treatment adherence can easily be achieved in this setting. The objective of this study was to determine the proportion and causes of discontinuation of chronic hepatitis C therapy among the Spanish penitentiary population. METHODS: This is an observational, prospective multicenter study performed in 26 Spanish penitentiaries between October 2007 and December 2009. Patients with chronic hepatitis C who were undergoing treatment with pegylated interferon plus ribavirin in accordance with clinical practice were included. The primary variable in the study was the proportion of discontinuation of treatment for chronic hepatitis C. RESULTS: A total of 431 patients were included in this analysis (92.3% male; mean age, 37.9±6.3 years; 66.4% with high viral load; genotype 1, 51.0%; genotype 3, 35.7%; genotype 4, 11.8%; genotype 2, 1.4%; coinfected with HIV, 24.4%). The proportion of treatment discontinuation for chronic hepatitis C was 22.5% (n=97; 95% confidence interval: 18.65-26.75). Therapy discontinuation was more frequent during the first trimester of treatment (n=45; 46.4%), and release from prison was the most frequent cause for treatment discontinuation (n=35; 36.1% of discontinuations). Among 407 patients included in the efficacy analysis, sustained viral response was achieved in 52.1% (95% confidence interval: 47.12-57.02). CONCLUSION: Treatment discontinuation for chronic hepatitis C in the penitentiary setting is low. However, further efforts should be made to improve the coordination between penitentiary institutions and external centers to ensure treatment after the inmates are released or transferred to other prisons.


Assuntos
Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Hepatite C Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Interferon-alfa/uso terapêutico , Adesão à Medicação , Polietilenoglicóis/uso terapêutico , Prisioneiros , Ribavirina/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Antivirais/efeitos adversos , Biomarcadores/sangue , Quimioterapia Combinada , Feminino , Genótipo , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Hepacivirus/efeitos dos fármacos , Hepacivirus/genética , Hepatite C Crônica/diagnóstico , Humanos , Interferon-alfa/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Motivação , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto , Polietilenoglicóis/efeitos adversos , Estudos Prospectivos , RNA Viral/sangue , Proteínas Recombinantes/efeitos adversos , Proteínas Recombinantes/uso terapêutico , Ribavirina/efeitos adversos , Fatores de Risco , Espanha , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Carga Viral
15.
Arch. bronconeumol. (Ed. impr.) ; 43(10): 535-541, oct. 2007. tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-056435

RESUMO

Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio ha sido estudiar si la variabilidad del flujo espiratorio máximo (FEM) permite clasificar el asma en niños por niveles de gravedad. Pacientes y métodos: Se ha estudiado a 387 niños y niñas diagnosticados de asma, cuya gravedad se clasificó atendiendo a criterios clínicos (Sociedad Española de Neumología Pediátrica). Se determinó la variabilidad del FEM con un medidor portátil (Mini Wright Peak Flow Meter Clement, Clarke International Ltd., Londres, Reino Unido; escala 50-800 l/min) en los 14 días siguientes, sin modificar los tratamientos habituales, según los índices de variabilidad del FEM: 1) diferencia entre el FEM de la mañana y el de la noche, expresado como porcentaje del valor medio de las medidas del FEM durante el día; 2) mínimo valor del FEM durante una semana, expresado como porcentaje del mejor FEM durante esa semana; 3) diferencia del mejor sobre el peor FEM, como porcentaje sobre el mejor, y 4) percentil 10 de los valores del FEM durante una semana, expresado como porcentaje del mejor FEM durante esa semana. Se analizó el grado de acuerdo entre la clasificación clínica y la variabilidad del FEM mediante el estudio de la concordancia (índice kappa ponderado). También se efectuó un análisis de sensibilidad y especificidad para el asma episódica y el asma persistente en relación con la variabilidad del FEM. Resultados: Los niveles de acuerdo entre la clasificación clínica del asma y las fórmulas 1, 2, 3 y 4 mostraron índices kappa ponderados bicuadrados de 0,494, 0, 0,488 y 0,346, respectivamente. Los resultados fueron similares cuando los pacientes se agruparon en asma episódica y asma persistente. Conclusiones: La medida de la variabilidad del FEM, recomendación común de las guías nacionales e internacionales para el manejo del asma en niños, no es válida para clasificar el asma en niños por niveles de gravedad


Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether variability in peak expiratory flow (PEF) could be used to classify the level of severity of asthma in children. Patients and methods: We studied 387 boys and girls diagnosed with asthma and classified severity according to clinical criteria (Spanish Society of Pediatric Pneumology). PEF variability was determined using a portable mini-Wright peak flow meter (Clement Clarke International, London, UK; range, 50 L/min­800 L/min) over a 14-day period, with no changes in normal treatment. The following indices were used to calculate PEF variability: 1) difference between morning PEF and nighttime PEF, expressed as a percentage of the mean value of the PEF measurements taken on that day; 2) minimum PEF rate during a week, expressed as a percentage of the highest value recorded during that week; 3) difference between the highest and the lowest PEF values, expressed as a percentage of the highest value; and 4) the 10th percentile of PEF values recorded during a week, expressed as a percentage of the highest value recorded during that week. We assessed agreement between clinical classification and PEF variability using the weighted kappa coefficient. We also analyzed the sensitivity and specificity of PEF variability indices for episodic and persistent asthma. Results: The analysis of levels of agreement between clinical classification of asthma and formulas 1, 2, 3, and 4 gave quadratic weighted kappa coefficients of 0.494, 0, 0.488, and 0.346, respectively. The results were similar when patients were grouped and analyzed by type of asthma (episodic or persistent asthma). Conclusions: The monitoring of PEF variability, a recommendation common in national and international guidelines on the management of asthma in children, is not valid for classifying severity of asthma in children


Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Humanos , Ventilação Voluntária Máxima/fisiologia , Asma/fisiopatologia , Asma/classificação , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Espirometria , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Testes de Função Respiratória
16.
High Alt Med Biol ; 7(1): 72-80, 2006.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16544969

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of two periods of intermittent exposure to hypoxia (428 torr) in rats over 12 months. The conditions of CIH4x4 (4 days in hypoxia, 4 days in normoxia, n = 50) and CIH2x2 (2 days in hypoxia, 2 days in normoxia, n = 50) were selected for simulating in this animal model the chronic-intermittent exposure to high altitudes experienced by Andean miners. We assessed mortality, weight, hematological parameters, and time course of resting heart rate and systolic blood pressure. In general, mortality increased during the first month, with a tendency to stabilize during exposure; it was associated with lower weights and with higher hematocrit levels, making these possible predictor factors. Intermittence produced an increase in hematocrit and hemoglobin concentrations as previously seen in most hypoxic models, compared with normoxia (NX, n = 30), but attained lower levels compared with chronic hypoxia (CH, n = 28). CIH4x4 and CIH2x2 had similar sustained elevations of systolic blood pressure (171 +/- 3 and 174 +/- 2 mmHg, respectively) versus the basal level (163 +/- 3; 163 +/- 3 mmHg), whereas CH did not. Heart rate suffered an equally sustained decrease in all exposed groups (343 +/- 14 beats/min). Exposure to chronic-intermittent hypoxia led to a mild polycythemia and to a decrease in heart rate. The effects of hypoxia were already evident during the first month of exposure and attained a more pronounced expression and stabilization during the third month.


Assuntos
Doença da Altitude/complicações , Doença da Altitude/fisiopatologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Condicionamento Físico Animal , Doença da Altitude/sangue , Animais , Peso Corporal , Doença Crônica , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Exposição Ambiental , Frequência Cardíaca , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Policitemia/etiologia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar
17.
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses ; 20(12): 1289-92, 2004 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15650420

RESUMO

Stavudine (d4T) has been associated with lipoatrophy and hyperlactatemia. In recent studies, d4T has also been related to both hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia. Replacing d4T with another nucleoside analogue such as abacavir (ABC) may reduce lactate levels and improve lipoatrophy in the long term. However, the impact of this strategy on the lipid profile is still unclear. In a prospective and randomized study, fasting lipids were examined over 48 weeks in 112 subjects on d4T regimens, 49 of whom replaced d4T with ABC. The substitution of ABC for d4T was found to be safe and provided a reduction in both LDL cholesterol and the total cholesterol (TC)/HDLc ratio, which might impact favorably on cardiovascular risk.


Assuntos
Fármacos Anti-HIV/uso terapêutico , Didesoxinucleosídeos/administração & dosagem , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Lipodistrofia/etiologia , Estavudina/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Didesoxinucleosídeos/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/sangue , Humanos , Lipídeos/sangue , Lipodistrofia/sangue , Lipodistrofia/prevenção & controle , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Estavudina/administração & dosagem , Estavudina/uso terapêutico
18.
Psicothema (Oviedo) ; 15(2): 227-233, mayo 2003. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-25881

RESUMO

Este estudio presenta el seguimiento de una muestra de 478 pacientes VIH positivos en variables clínicas, psicológicas y sociodemográficas. El objetivo es analizar la adherencia al tratamiento a lo largo del tiempo y comprobar si existe una relación entre variables psicológicas y adherencia. La hipótesis de partida es que ciertas variables psicológicas, concretamente la depresión, explican el comportamiento del paciente en una enfermedad que se ha convertido en crónica y que exige un estricto cumplimiento del tratamiento para evitar rebrotes de la carga viral o resistencias frente a los fármacos. Como conclusión se apunta la necesidad de prestar una atención psicológica a este tipo de pacientes (AU)


In this study we follow up a sample of 478 HIV infected patients identifiying clinical, psychological and social variables. The aim is to analyze the adherence to treatment along time and, also, to verify the possible relationship between psychological and clinical variables. We try to test the hypothesis that illness progression is associated with psychological variables, specially with depression. Given that HIV infection is today a fatal but chronic illness, adherence to treatment is a critical aspect in order to avoid virological rebounds or resistances to drugs. To achieve this objective a psychological perspective should be considered (AU)


Assuntos
Adulto , Feminino , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Humanos , Soropositividade para HIV/psicologia , Cooperação do Paciente/psicologia , Carga Viral/psicologia , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos , Fármacos Anti-HIV/uso terapêutico , Depressão/psicologia , Entrevista Psicológica , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/epidemiologia
19.
Med. clín (Ed. impr.) ; 118(13): 487-492, abr. 2002.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-11634

RESUMO

FUNDAMENTO: La hipercolesterolemia familiar heterocigota (HFh) es un trastorno frecuente en la población general y la cardiopatía isquémica prematura, su complicación más importante. El objetivo de este estudio es describir las manifestaciones clínicas y las características de la enfermedad cardiovascular en la HFh en España. PACIENTES Y MÉTODO: Análisis de una cohorte de 819 sujetos no relacionados entre sí (449 mujeres y 370 varones), con diagnóstico clínico de hipercolesterolemia familiar, procedentes de 69 clínicas de lípidos. Se registraron los datos clínicos y analíticos, además de los antecedentes personales y familiares de enfermedad cardiovascular. RESULTADOS: La concentración de colesterol total (DE) en el momento del diagnóstico fue de 412 (87) mg/dl en las mujeres y de 400 (78) mg/dl en los varones (p < 0,05). El cHDL fue más alto en las mujeres que en los varones (57 [14] frente a 47,7 [12,7] mg/dl, respectivamente; p < 0,0001). El 22,5 por ciento de los sujetos presentaba xantomas tendinosos, y el 21,7 por ciento había presentado al menos un episodio de enfermedad cardiovascular prematura, siendo más frecuente en los varones que en las mujeres (30,8 y 14,3 por ciento, respectivamente; p < 0,001). En el análisis multivariante la enfermedad cardiovascular se correlacionó positivamente con la edad, el sexo masculino, el tabaquismo, el cLDL, la hipertensión arterial y el índice de masa corporal. CONCLUSIÓN: Las características clínicas y la presencia de enfermedad cardiovascular en la HFh en España son similares a las descritas en otros países. El cLDL, la edad, el sexo, el tabaquismo, la hipertensión arterial y el índice de masa corporal son importantes predictores de la enfermedad cardiovascular (AU)


Assuntos
Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Fatores de Risco , Espanha , Doenças Cardiovasculares , Heterozigoto , Hipercolesterolemia
20.
Enferm. Infecc. microbiol ; 13(1): 21-5, ene.-feb. 1993. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-135008

RESUMO

Debido a la nefrotoxicidad de la gentamicina, se diseñó un estudio prospectivo y comparativo con el fin de determinar el esquema de dosificación más adecuado para prevenir el deterioro de la función renal en pacientes con insuficiencia renal y proceso infeccioso con germen sensible a gentamicina. Se aplicaron dosis de la droga de acuerdo con los esquemas de dosificación de Chan y Sarubbi. Se ingresaron pacientes hospitalizados mayores de 15 años, con diagnóstico de insuficiencia renal e infección de gérmenes sansibles a gentamicina. Se estudiaron 45 pacientes, los cuales fueron distribuidos en dos grupos; en el Grupo I se administró gentamicina de acuerdo con el esquema de Chan y en el Grupo II de acuerdo con el de Sarubbi. La depuración de creatinina al inicio y al final en el Grupo I fue de 38.75 ñ 17.7 y 36.8 ñ 16.3 ml/min, respectivamente, y para el Grupo II de 38.14 ñ 15.87 y 40.16 ñ 16.01, respectivamente, no habiendo significación estadística (p>0.5). Los niveles de Gentamicina durante el estudio no variaron por el esquema utilizado, en el Grupo I 3.53 ñ 0.63 y 4.12 ñ 0.59, en el Grupo II 3.45 ñ 0.7 y 4.22 ñ 0.61 µg/ml, respectivamente. Se concluye que los dos esquemas de dosificación utilizados son aptos para mantener niveles adecuados de gentamicina sin deterioro significativo de la función renal en pacientes con insuficiencia renal. La elección de uno de los esquemas evaluados dependerá del conocimiento del mismo y de las facilidades técnicas con que se cuente


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecções Bacterianas/tratamento farmacológico , Gentamicinas/administração & dosagem , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Bacterianas/microbiologia , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/microbiologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana
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