Mixed reality navigation training system for liver surgery based on a high-definition human cross-sectional anatomy data set.

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to use the three-dimensional (3D) mixed-reality model of liver, entailing complex intrahepatic systems and to deeply study the anatomical structures and to promote the training, diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases. METHODS: Vascular perfusion human specimens were used for thin-layer frozen milling to obtain liver cross-sections. The 104-megapixel-high-definition cross sectional data set was established and registered to achieve structure identification and manual segmentation. The digital model was reconstructed and data was used to print a 3D hepatic model. The model was combined with HoloLens mixed reality technology to reflect the complex relationships of intrahepatic systems. We simulated 3D patient specific anatomy for identification and preoperative planning, conducted a questionnaire survey, and evaluated the results. RESULTS: The 3D digital model and 1:1 transparent and colored model of liver established truly reflected intrahepatic vessels and their complex relationships. The reconstructed model imported into HoloLens could be accurately matched with the 3D model. Only 7.7% participants could identify accessory hepatic veins. The depth and spatial-relationship of intrahepatic structures were better understandable for 92%. The 100%, 84.6%, 69% and 84% believed the 3D models were useful in planning, safer surgical paths, reducing intraoperative complications and training of young surgeons respectively. CONCLUSIONS: A detailed 3D model can be reconstructed using the higher quality cross-sectional anatomical data set. When combined with 3D printing and HoloLens technology, a novel hybrid-reality navigation-training system for liver surgery is created. Mixed Reality training is a worthy alternative to provide 3D information to clinicians and its possible application in surgery. This conclusion was obtained based on a questionnaire and evaluation. Surgeons with extensive experience in surgical operations perceived in the questionnaire that this technology might be useful in liver surgery, would help in precise preoperative planning, accurate intraoperative identification, and reduction of hepatic injury.

A randomized, parallel control and multicenter clinical trial of evidence-based traditional Chinese medicine massage treatment VS External Diclofenac Diethylamine Emulgel for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis.

BACKGROUND: Both massage and topically administered NSAIDs are safe and effective treatments for knee osteoarthritis (KOA); however, different massage technique sects in China caused assessment difficulties for the treatment of KOA. In order to standardize the massage techniques and procedures, we organized multi-disciplinary experts in China to acquire an evidence-based traditional Chinese medicine massage treatment of knee osteoarthritis. The purposes of this study will be to provide clinicians a complementary and alternative therapy for patients and to evaluate the efficacy and safety of evidence-based traditional Chinese medicine massage treatment of KOA compared to External Diclofenac Diethylamine Emulgel. METHODS AND DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial in which 300 participants diagnosed with KOA will be recruited and randomly allocated to either the experimental group or the control group in a ratio of 2:1. Two hundred participants will receive evidence-based traditional Chinese medicine massage 2 sessions per week for 10 weeks as the experimental group, and 100 participants will receive External Diclofenac Diethylamine Emulgel 3-4 times per day for 10 weeks as the control group. The patients in the two groups will receive follow-up at two time points at 5 weeks and 10 weeks from the beginning of treatment, respectively. The MRI scans and X-ray will be performed at baseline and at the end of the intervention. The primary outcome will be the changes in the Western Ontario and McMaster Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Secondary outcomes will be measured by the PRO scale for knee osteoarthritis based on the concept of traditional Chinese medicine (Chinese scale for knee osteoarthritis (CSKO)), X-ray evaluation, and MRI scan evaluation. The data of WOMAC and CSKO will be analyzed at the baseline, 5 weeks, and 10 weeks from the beginning of treatment. The data from MRI scans and X-rays will be analyzed at baseline and at the end of the intervention. The significance level sets as 5%. The safety of interventions will be evaluated after each treatment session. DISCUSSION: This study will provide clinicians with much-needed knowledge for the treatment of KOA through a controlled trial. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR1800014400 . Registered on 10 January 2018.

Application of typical case combined with practice teaching in pediatric clinical teaching / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To explore the application of typical case combined with practice teaching in the pediatric clinical teaching.Methods:A total of 80 clinical interns majoring in pediatrics who practiced in the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University between September 2019 and January 2020 were selected as the research subjects, and they were randomly divided into observation group ( n=41) and control group ( n=39). The control group adopted conventional teaching while the observation group were given typical case combined with practice teaching model. After 16 weeks of training, the theoretical knowledge, practical operation [direct observation of procedural skill (DOPS) evaluation, and mini-clinical evaluation exercise (Mini-CEX)] and overall performance were analyzed in the two groups of students. SPSS 19.0 was used for t test, chi-square test and rank sum test. Results:After the internship, the theoretical scores of common pediatric diseases, clinical disease characteristics, etiopathogenesis, treatment regimen and complications were enhanced in the two groups, and the above scores in observation group were higher than those in control group ( P<0.05). Besides, the DOPS scores and Mini-CEX scores of the two groups were increased, and the scores were higher in observation group than in control group ( P<0.05). Furthermore, the overall excellent rate of the observation group was 87.80% (36/41), which was higher than 69.23% in control group (27/39). Survey found that the number of interns who believed that the teaching regimen could deepen the knowledge mastery degree, increase the internship interest and improve the comprehensive ability, internship efficiency and clinical thinking ability was more in observation group than in control group. Conclusion:Typical case combined with practice teaching can effectively deepen the interns' understanding of theoretical knowledge of clinical pediatrics, improve the practical operation ability and arouse the interest in learning.

Evaluation of safety and immunogenicity of hepatitis E vaccine in maintenance hemodialysis patients / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of hepatitis E vaccine(HEV)in Maintenance hemodialysis(MHD)patients. Methods: Based on an open-labeled controlled trial, from May 2016 to March 2018, 35 eligible MHD patients were recruited in the Hemodialysis Center of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University as the experimental group, and 70 MHD patients with matched age, gender and underlying diseases as the control group. The experimental group received HEV at 0, 1 and 6 months according to the standard vaccination procedures, while the control group received routine diagnosis and treatment without vaccine and placebo injection to observe the safety and immunogenicity of the vaccine. The safety of vaccine in MHD population was evaluated by the incidence of adverse reactions/events in the experimental and control groups. The immunogenicity of HEV in MHD patients was evaluated by comparing the data from the phase Ⅲ clinical trial. Results: The overall incidence of adverse reactions/events was 17.1% (18/105), and there were no grade 3-4 adverse reactions/events related to vaccination. In the experimental group, the incidence of local adverse reactions/events was 20.0% (7/35), and the incidence of systemic adverse reactions/events was 17.1% (6/35).There was no significant difference in the incidence of systemic adverse reactions/events between the experimental group and the control group (P>0.05). There were 23 patients receiving 3 doses with the standard schedule. The positive rate of HEV-IgG antibody was 100% and the GMC was 14.47(95%CI:13.14-15.80) WU/ml, which showed no significant difference compared with the 46 patients in Phase Ⅲ clinical trial (t=-1.04, P>0.05). Conclusion: Recombinant HEV has good safety and immunogenicity in MHD patients.

Toxicokinetics of Vitexin Injection in Beagle Dogs / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVEP: To investigate the toxicokinetic and tissue distribution of vitexin in Beagle dogs. METHODS: Beagle dogs were randomly divided into three groups, and received vitexin injection at small, medium and big doses of 50, 20 and 8 mg•kg-1. They were given medicine once a day for consecutive 3 months by intravenous drip. The blood samples of Beagle dogs were drawn at different time points on the first and last day of administration, and concentrations in plasma were detected by HPLC method. RESULTS: Intravenous drip the vitexin injection at the doses of 8, 20 and 50 mg•kg-1, the blood concentration of vitexin linearly metabolized in Beagle dogs when given medicine for 1, 22, 44 and 83 d. Vitexin was significantly accumulated in Beagle dogs, and the accumulation was disappeared, and the exposure decreased with the prolonged time at the dose of 50 mg•kg-1; at the dose of 8 and 20 mg•kg-1, vitexin did not accumulate in Beagle dogs, and the exposure decreased with prolonged administration time. CONCLUSION: There is no accumulation of repeated drug delivery in the Beagle dog's body by intravenous drip at the doses of 8 and 20 mg•kg-1.

PGL3 is required for chlorophyll synthesis and impacts leaf senescence in rice / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Rice leaf color mutants play a great role in research about the formation and development of chloroplasts and the genetic mechanism of the chlorophyll (Chl) metabolism pathway. pgl3 is a rice leaf color mutant derived from Xiushui11 (Oryza sativa L. spp. japonica), treated with ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS). The mutant exhibited a pale-green leaf (pgl) phenotype throughout the whole development as well as reduced grain quality. Map-based cloning of PGL3 revealed that it encodes the chloroplast signal recognition particle 43 kDa protein (cpSRP43). PGL3 affected the Chl synthesis by regulating the expression levels of the Chl synthesis-associated genes. Considerable reactive oxygen species were accumulated in the leaves of pgl3, and the transcription levels of its scavenging genes were down-regulated, indicating that pgl3 can accelerate senescence. In addition, high temperatures could inhibit the plant's growth and facilitate the process of senescence in pgl3.

Preparation of icariin-poly(lactic acid)/hydroxyapatite composite bone-graft substitutes by supercritical carbon dioxide method / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Our previous findings have shown that poly(lactic acid)/hydroxyapatite (PLA/HA) composite biomaterials prepared by the supercritical carbon dioxide method have good physiochemical properties and biocompatibility. However, the composite materials only have osteoconductivity but no osteoinductivity. OBJECTIVE: To prepare icariin-PLA/HA (IC-PLA/HA) composite biomaterials with good osteoconduction and osteoinduction. METHODS: The supercritical carbon dioxide method was used to prepare IC-PLA/HA composite biomaterials containing 10-4, 10-5, 10-6mmol/g IC, named as IC-PLA/HA(1 000), IC-PLA/HA(100) and IC-PLA/HA(10). PLA/HA composite material served as controls. Biomechanical properties, porosity, sustained release characteristics were detected, and scanning electron microscope observation was performed, in order to screen out the optimal IC content in the composite materials. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Compressive strength and elastic modulus of IC-PLA/HA(1 000), IC-PLA/HA(100) and IC-PLA/HA(10) showed no difference from those of PLA/HA. (2) The porosity of all the composite materials was over 75%, and there was still no difference among groups. (3) The IC release from IC-PLA/HA was faster within the first 3 days, and then reduced gradually. However, after 7 days, the IC release plateaued, and the IC release amount from the IC-PLA/HA(100) was close to 10-7mol/L that had been confirmed to be an effective and safe concentration in the previous experiments. (4) Under the scanning electron microscope, HA and PLA were mixed homogeneously and IC was difficult to be identified. The pore size of the IC-PLA/HA(100) ranged from 50 μm to 150 μm. Overall, the IC-PLA/HA composite biomaterials have good mechanical and sustained-release properties.

Association of platelet count, fibrosis-4, and aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index with the development and severity of esophageal varices in patients with liver cirrhosis / 临床肝胆病杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical value of platelet count (PLT), fibrosis-4 (FIB-4), and aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) in predicting the development and classification of esophageal varices (EVs) . Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 163 patients with liver cirrhosis who visited Department of Hepatology in The First Hospital of Jilin University from January 2012 to December 2015. All patients underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy within one week after admission. According to PLT, the patients were divided into PLT ≤50 × 109/L group with 27 patients, PLT 50 × 109/L-≤100 × 109/L group with 84 patients, PLT 100 × 109/L-≤150 × 109/L group with 26 patients, and PLT＞ 150 × 109/L group with 26 patients. The Child-Pugh score, FIB-4, and APRI were recorded, and the association of PLT, FIB-4, and APRI with EVs was analyzed. A one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between multiple groups, and the LSD-t test was used for further comparison between any two groups; the Kruskall-Wallis H test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between multiple groups, and the Dunn-Bonferroni test was used for further comparison between any two groups. The chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups, and the Fisher's test was used for the data which did not meet the conditions of the chi-square test. Spearman rank correlation was used to investigate the correlation of PLT, FIB-4, and APRI with EVs. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the values of PLT, FIB-4, and APRI in the diagnosis of EVs. Results Of all 163 patients with liver cirrhosis, 114 developed EVs and 49 did not experience EVs. There was a significant difference in the incidence rate of EVs between the cirrhotic patients with different PLTs (χ2= 27. 36, P ＜ 0. 001) . Compared with those with PLT≤150 × 109/L, the cirrhotic patients with PLT＞ 150 × 109/L had a significantly lower proportion of patients with EVs (34. 6％ vs 76. 6％, P ＜ 0. 001) or severe EVs (3. 8％ vs 46. 7％, P ＜ 0. 001) . There were significant differences in FIB-4 and APRI between the patients with different PLTs (χ2= 102. 58 and 57. 02, both P ＜ 0. 001) . PLT was negatively correlated with the degree of EVs (r =-0. 491, P ＜ 0. 001), and FIB-4 and APRI were positively correlated with the degree of EVs (r = 0. 460 and 0. 325, both P ＜0. 001) . PLT had an AUC of 0. 739 and an accuracy of 75. 4％ in predicting the presence or absence of EVs, while FIB-4 had an AUC of 0. 732 and an accuracy of 71. 2％ and APRI had an AUC of 0. 651 and an accuracy of 72. 4％ . PLT had an AUC of 0. 763 and an accuracy of 69. 3％ in predicting the presence or absence of severe EVs, while FIB-4 had an AUC of 0. 742 and an accuracy of 67. 5％ and APRI had an AUC of 0. 676 and an accuracy of 66. 3％ . Conclusion Cirrhotic patients with PLT＞ 150 × 109/L have a significant reduction in the risk of EVs or severe EVs. PLT, FIB-4, and APRI are correlated with the degree of EVs in cirrhotic patients, but they cannot fully replace gastroscopy.

Mechanical properties of human enamel based on resonant ultrasound spectroscopy / 医用生物力学

Objective To investigate the mechanical properties of human enamel based on resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS).Methods The rectangular parallelepiped specimens of human enamel were processed.The theoretical resonant frequencies of specimens were estimated and paired with the experimental resonant fre quencies measured from RUS experiments.An iterative procedure was used to adjust elastic constants of enamel until the theoretical frequencies corresponded to the experimental frequencies based on minimum mean-squared error criterion.In addition,elastic modulus,shear modulus and Poisson's ratio were calculated respectively.Results The elastic modulus,shear modulus and Poisson's ratio ranged from 61.52 to 80.46 GPa,21.51 to 51.86 GPa and 0.18 to 0.43,respectively.Eliminating the effect of large specimen variances,the average of elastic modulus,shear modulus and Poisson's ratio was 72.84 GPa,31.94 GPa and 0.27,respectively.Conclu sions RUS performs a feasibility of measuring the mechanical properties of human enamel with repeatable and nondestructive advantages.All the elastic constants and mechanical parameters can be estimated through a sig nal experiment.The results provide references for the development of biomimetic dental restoration materials.

Mechanical properties of human enamel based on resonant ultrasound spectroscopy / 医用生物力学

Objective To investigate the mechanical properties of human enamel based on resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS). Methods The rectangular parallelepiped specimens of human enamel were processed. The theoretical resonant frequencies of specimens were estimated and paired with the experimental resonant frequencies measured from RUS experiments. An iterative procedure was used to adjust elastic constants of enamel until the theoretical frequencies corresponded to the experimental frequencies based on minimum mean-squared error criterion. In addition, elastic modulus, shear modulus and Poisson’s ratio were calculated respectively. Results The elastic modulus, shear modulus and Poisson’s ratio ranged from 61.52 to 80.46 GPa, 21.51 to 51.86 GPa and 0.18 to 0.43, respectively. Eliminating the effect of large specimen variances, the average of elastic modulus, shear modulus and Poisson’s ratio was 72.84 GPa, 31.94 GPa and 0.27, respectively. Conclusions RUS performs a feasibility of measuring the mechanical properties of human enamel with repeatable and nondestructive advantages. All the elastic constants and mechanical parameters can be estimated through a signal experiment. The results provide references for the development of biomimetic dental restoration materials.

Tumor specific delivery and therapy mediate by integrin ß6-target immunoliposomes for ß6-siRNA in colon carcinoma.

Adjuvant chemotherapy does not achieve the desired therapeutic efficacy in colon cancer as a result of the deficient reaction. Gene therapy using small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) delivered by target delivering system represents a potent and specific strategy in tumor therapy. Integrinß6 is exclusively expressed in malignant colonic epithelia, associated with the progression, metastasis, and chemotherapeutic resistance of colon cancer. Accordingly, designing an efficient and targeted delivery system for ß6-siRNA could be a potential approach to improve therapeutic efficacy of colon cancer. Here, we designed the Integrinß6 target immunoliposomes for highly efficient and selective delivery of ß6-siRNA in colon cancer, which consequently resulted in greatly growth suppression, invasion and metastasis of colon cancer cells. Moreover, it was able to greatly inhibit the tumor growing in vivo.

Intraoperative sentinel lymph node mapping guides laparoscopic-assisted distal gastrectomy for distal gastric cancer.

AIMS: The aim of this retrospective study is to explore the effects of sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping guided laparoscopic-assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG) for distal gastric cancer. METHODS: Two hundred patients were enrolled in this study. One hundred and one patients undergoing SLN guided LADG were designated as the SLN group. Ninety-nine patients having conventional LADG with D1 or D2 lymph node dissection were designated as the control group. Intraoperative and postoperative indicators such as the number of lymph nodes dissected, intraoperative and postoperative conditions, flow cytometry analysis of T lymphocyte subsets and natural killer (NK) cells, survival rates, recurrence rates and postoperative complications were investigated between these two groups. RESULTS: The number of lymph nodes dissected in the SLN group was significantly lesser than that in the control group. Furthermore, in the SLN group, the patients achieved better immunization status, improved intraoperative and postoperative conditions and decreased postoperative complications. There were no significant differences were found in the positive lymph nodes detected, the distance between proximal and distal cutting edge, postoperative survival or recurrence rates. CONCLUSIONS: SLN guided LADG for gastric cancer is a safe and effective method and could achieve an equal clinical effect as traditional laparoscopic D1 or D2 radical operation with less operation trauma and better recovery.

Integrin ß6 can be translationally regulated by eukaryotic initiation factor 4E: Contributing to colonic tumor malignancy.

It is well known that both eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) and integrin αvß6 can contribute to malignant behavior of colon cancer. We have found that integrin αvß6 and eIF4E were co-expressed and positively correlated in colon cancer tissues. Recently, deregulation of the protein synthesis apparatus has begun to gain attention as a major participant in cancer development and progression. However, the regulation of integrin ß6 expression at translational level has never been investigated before. In present study, gene-silencing technique for eIF4E by small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used in all the subsequent experiments, in order to investigate whether eIF4E could translationally regulate expression of integrin ß6 in colon cancer SW480 and HT-29 cell lines. Additionally, the subsequent effects of eIF4E knockdown on cellular malignant behavior were observed. siRNA in SW480 and HT-29 transfectants. Subsequently, protein expression of ß6 was markedly suppressed, while mRNA expression of ß6 showed no significant variation before and after eIF4E RNA interfering. Therefore, it could be seen that eIF4E could upregulate the expression of ß6, without effect on ß6 mRNA expression. More importantly, after treated with eIF4E siRNA, cellular migratory capacity on fibronectin of HT-29 and ß6-transfected SW480 as well as their survival to 5-FU was decreased distinctly. Expression of integrin ß6 could be translationally regulated by eIF4E, which subsequently contributed to tumor malignancy through enhancing cellular migration, survival, anti-apoptosis, and chemoresistance of colon cancer in vitro. Thus, targeting eIF4E in integrin αvß6 expressing tumors can be a potential therapeutic strategy for patients with colon cancer.

mRNA expression of somatostatin receptor subtypes SSTR-2, SSTR-3, and SSTR-5 and its significance in pancreatic cancer.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to investigate the expressions of somatostatin receptor (SSTR), SSTR-2, SSTR-3, and SSTR-5, in pancreatic tissue and non-cancerous tissue and elucidate their clinical significance. METHODS: The expression of somatostatin receptor subtypes SSTR-2, SSTR-3, and SSTR-5 messenger RNA (mRNA) in 108 cases of cancer tissue and adjacent tissue in patients with pancreatic cancer was detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Expression of SSTR-2, SSTR-3, and SSTR-5 mRNA was evaluated after specimens were taken from selected patients who underwent surgical resection by Whipple's operation. We speculated the clinical significance of the expression of somatostatin receptor (SSTR) subtype genes SSTR-2, SSTR-3, and SSTR-5 in pancreatic tissue and non-cancerous tissue and further elucidated their clinical significance. RESULTS: The expression rates of SSTR-2 mRNA in cancer and adjacent tissue of 108 patients with pancreatic cancer were 81.5% (88/108) and 97.2% (105/108), respectively; SSTR-3 mRNA expression rates were 69.4% (75/108) and 55.6% (60/108). SSTR-5 mRNA expression rates were 13.0% (14/108) and 18.5% (20/108). CONCLUSION: We propose that SSTR-2 plays an important role in clinical implications for patients with pancreatic cancer undergoing somatostatin or its analog therapy.

Diagnostic Significance of BAT in Anaphylaxis to Non-ionic Contrast Media / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the diagnostic significance of basophil activation test (BAT) in anaphylaxis to non-ionic contrast media through testing the content of CD63, mast cell-carboxypeptidase A3 (MC-CPA3), and terminal complement complex SC5b-9 of the individuals by testing their levels in the normal immune group and the anaphylaxis groups to β-lactam drugs and non -ionic contrast media.@*METHODS@#The CD63 expression of basophilic granulocyte in blood was detected by flow cytometry. The levels of MC-CPA3 in blood serum and SC5b-9 in blood plasma were detected by ELISA.@*RESULTS@#The CD63 expression of basophilic granulocyte in blood, the levels of MC-CPA3 and SC5b-9 of anaphylaxis to non-ionic contrast media and β-lactam drugs were significantly higher than that in normal immune group (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#There is activation of basophilic granulocytes, mast cells and complement system in anaphylaxis to non-ionic contrast media. BAT can be used to diagnose the anaphylaxis to non-ionic contrast media.

Construction of Hospital Informatization Service Platform in the New Media Age / 医学信息学杂志

The paper summarizes application of new media in patient informatization services in hospitals, introduces exploration and practices made by Children′s Hospital of Shanghai on new media informatization platform construction from such aspects of OA system-basedwindowservice platform,order typeservice model provided to the public onMicroblogandWeChatplatforms andex-press typemobile network terminal service for hospital staffs.The service effects are summarized at last.

Application of photosynthetic bacteria biotransformation in research of Chinese materia medica / 中草药

Microbial transformation technology has been applied in the study of Chinese materia medica (CMM) widely. Photosynthetic bacteria biotransformation in the research of Chinese medicine pharmaceutics has become one of the focuses in the field of microbial transformation technology. In this paper, we summarized the pharmacological activity and pharmacodynamic material bases of CMM metabolized by photosynthetic bacteria, in addition, summarized the mechanism of photosynthetic bacteria biotransformation. We also pointed out the problems needed to be studied in the future.

Establishment and application of human CHO/NTR1 system / 药学学报

Neurotensin receptor-1 (NTR1), which can stimulate the intracellular cascade signal pathway, belongs to the large superfamily of G-protein coupled receptors. NTR1 is related to the occurrence and development of several kinds of diseases. In order to screen the inhibitors for the cancers associated with NTR1 protein, we established a CHO (Chinese hamster ovary) cell line in which human neurotensin receptor-1 was highly expressed. The method is to construct the recombinant plasmid which was lysed with the hNTR1 gene and transfect it into CHO cells. After selected with G418, the cell line was evaluated by Western blotting analysis and calcium flux assays. Through the calcium flux assays on FlexStation 3, we got the EC50 value of neurotensin peptide which is the natural NTR1 agonist, and the IC 50 value of SR48692 which is the known NTR1 antagonist. The established human CHO/NTR1 cell line can be used to study the profile of NTR1 biological activity and further screen of NTR1 antagonists and agonists.

Summarization of the pathogen and therapy of secondary glaucoma after vitrectomy / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Secondary glaucoma is a kind of complications after vitrectomy, its etiologies are various and complex. Ineffective therapies might cause irreversible damage on optic nerves and visual field defect, even the loss in visual function. Nowadays, this project has been paid great attention by various researches both in China and abroad. Both the pathogens and therapies of secondary glaucoma after vitrectomy are analyzed as follows.

Influence of erythropoietin on expression of matrix metalloproteinases in retinal pigment epithelium with photic injury / 中华实验眼科杂志

Background Increase in ophthalmic optical medical instruments and microsurgical applications leads to retinal photochemical damage and other problems delivery of a variety of devices,so the in-depth study and understanding of its pathogenesis after retina light damage can provide a reference for the clinical treatment of related diseases.Objective This study was to investigate the therapeutic effect and relative mechanism of erythropoietin (EPO) on mouse retina photic injury by studying the expression of matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2)and MMP-9.Methods Fifty-two SPF BALB/c mice were randomized into normal control group,simple light-induced group and EPO pretreatment group by balloting method.The mice of simple light-induced group and EPO pretreatment group were continuously irradiated with 6000 lx diffuse light for 4 hours in a home-made box to establish the models of light-induced damage;while recombinant human EPO (rhEPO)of 5000 U/kg was intraperitoneally injected prior to the light exposure in the EPO pretreatment group.The expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were examined at 6,12,36,72,96 hours and 7 days following light-exposure by immunohistochemistry.Results Edema and structural disorder of RPE cells appeared inthe simple light-induced group after light-exposure and aggravated with lapse of light-exposure time,but no similar change was seen until 7 days in the EPO pretreatment group.The immunohistochemistry findings showed that the expression of MMP-2(A value)in RPE cells was less in the normal mice.However,a large quantity of positive cells appeared in RPE layer 36 hours after light-exposure.Compared with the simple light-induced group,the positive expression of MMP-2 protein in EPO pretreatment group was significantly decreased,showing statistically significant differences among these three groups and different time points (Fgroup =3.68,P =0 04; Ftime =9.13,P=0.00).There was hardly any MMP-9 expression in the retina of the normal mice.In simple light-induced group,a few of positive cells appeared in RPE layer 6 hours after light-exposure and reached its peak 12 hours following light-exposure.The gradually down-regulation of MMP-9 expression happened 96 hours later following light-irradiation.The expression tendency of MMP-9 in EPO pretreatment group was similar to the simple light-induced group.Significant differences in expressions of MMP-9 were found among different groups and time points (Fgroup=3.61,P =0.04;Ftime =16.91,P=0.00).Conclusions MMP-2 and MMP-9 may be involved in the mechanism of retina photic injury by down-regulating the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in RPE cells.