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3.
Rev. esp. anestesiol. reanim ; 61(4): 190-195, abr. 2014.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-121203

RESUMO

Introducción y objetivos. El uso de los dispositivos supraglóticos en pacientes con dificultades para la intubación y/o ventilación se ha incrementado de manera progresiva tanto en el ámbito de la anestesia como en la medicina de urgencias. Este estudio se diseñó para evaluar la tasa de éxito de intubación «a ciegas» en pacientes sin criterios de vía aérea difícil con la mascarilla air-Q®, comparándola con el dispositivo supraglótico patrón: la mascarilla laríngea de intubación ILMA-Fastrach™. Pacientes y métodos. Se incluyeron 80 pacientes (40 por grupo). La inserción de los dispositivos se realizó de acuerdo con las instrucciones de los fabricantes. Tras la colocación, se realizó un test de fugas (aplicando una presión inspiratoria de 20 cmH2O por el ventilador). Se comprobó posteriormente la visión glótica usando un fibrobroncoscopio pediátrico, y se realizó la inserción de un tubo endotraqueal a través del dispositivo. En aquellos casos en que el intento resultó fallido, se retiró el dispositivo y se repitió nuevamente la secuencia. Se evaluaron, como objetivo primario, el éxito en la intubación, y como objetivos secundarios, la ventilación adecuada, el grado de visión fibrobroncoscópica y las complicaciones observadas tras su uso. Resultados. La ventilación adecuada en el primer intento de colocación fue mayor con ILMA-Fastrach™ que con air-Q® (90 frente a 60%, p = 0,0019), y el éxito global en la ventilación (primer y segundo intentos incluidos) fue mejor con ILMA-Fastrach™ (95 frente a 80%, p = 0,04). El grado de visión glótica de acuerdo con la escala de Brimacombe fue mejor con air-Q® (84,62 frente a 37,50%, p = 0,0017) en el segundo intento, pero no en el primero. No hubo diferencias en el porcentaje de intubación con ambos dispositivos. La incidencia de dolor de garganta fue similar con los 2 dispositivos empleados. Dos pacientes en el grupo de air-Q® presentaron ronquera y desaturación arterial. Conclusiones. Ambos dispositivos fueron igualmente eficaces para conseguir una adecuada intubación «a ciegas», y la incidencia de efectos adversos fue similar también con los 2. La ILMA-Fastrach™ permitió ventilar de forma adecuada a un mayor número de pacientes, pero como no se emplearon en ningún caso maniobras adicionales de recolocación, habrá que confirmar necesariamente estos resultados con futuros estudios (AU)


Background and objectives. Supraglottic airway devices are increasingly used in anesthesia and emergency medicine as a rescue for intubation and ventilation. This study was designed to investigate the air-Q® supralaryngeal device and compare it with the ILMA-Fastrach™ for airway rescue and intubation. Patients and methods. The devices were inserted in 80 patients (40 patients in each group) according to manufacturer’ instructions. An inspiration pressure of 20 cmH2O was applied through a ventilator for checking air leaks. If no air leak was detected, the glottis status was checked using a pediatric fiberoptic bronchoscope, followed by introducing an endotracheal tube through the supraglottic device. If the first attempt was unsuccessful, the device was removed and a second attempt was made in the same way. The primary outcome was the overall success rate for intubation. Other measurements were: successful ventilation, fiberoptic glottis view and adverse events. Results. Successful first-attempt ventilation was better with the Fastrach™ than with the air-Q® (90 vs. 60%, P = .0019) and overall ventilation success (first plus second attempts) was also better with ILMA-Fastrach™ (95 vs. 80%, P = .04). View of the glottis,according to Brimacombe scale, was better with air-Q® (84.62 vs. 37.50%, P = .0017) at the second, but not at the first, attempt. There were no differences in the percentage of successful intubations between the 2 devices. The incidence of sore throat was similar with both devices. Two patients in the air-Q® group suffered hoarseness and arterial desaturation, but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions. Both the ILMA-Fastrach™ and the air-Q® provided a similar rate of successful intubation, but ILMA-Fastrach™ was better for ventilation. The rate of adverse events was similar with both devices. Because no additional maneuver was used to facilitated intubation, there needs to be further studies to confirm these findings (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Intubação Intratraqueal/instrumentação , Intubação Intratraqueal/métodos , Intubação Intratraqueal , Máscaras Laríngeas/normas , Máscaras Laríngeas/tendências , Máscaras Laríngeas , Capacidade Inspiratória , Capacidade Inspiratória/fisiologia , Intubação Intratraqueal/tendências , Ventilação com Pressão Positiva Intermitente/tendências , Broncoscopia/métodos , Broncoscopia
4.
Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim ; 61(4): 190-5, 2014 Apr.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24556513

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Supraglottic airway devices are increasingly used in anesthesia and emergency medicine as a rescue for intubation and ventilation. This study was designed to investigate the air-Q(®) supralaryngeal device and compare it with the ILMA-Fastrach™ for airway rescue and intubation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The devices were inserted in 80 patients (40 patients in each group) according to manufacturer' instructions. An inspiration pressure of 20cmH2O was applied through a ventilator for checking air leaks. If no air leak was detected, the glottis status was checked using a pediatric fiberoptic bronchoscope, followed by introducing an endotracheal tube through the supraglottic device. If the first attempt was unsuccessful, the device was removed and a second attempt was made in the same way. The primary outcome was the overall success rate for intubation. Other measurements were: successful ventilation, fiberoptic glottis view and adverse events. RESULTS: Successful first-attempt ventilation was better with the Fastrach™ than with the air-Q(®) (90 vs. 60%, P=.0019) and overall ventilation success (first plus second attempts) was also better with ILMA-Fastrach™ (95 vs. 80%, P=.04). View of the glottis,according to Brimacombe scale, was better with air-Q(®) (84.62 vs. 37.50%, P=.0017) at the second, but not at the first, attempt. There were no differences in the percentage of successful intubations between the 2 devices. The incidence of sore throat was similar with both devices. Two patients in the air-Q(®) group suffered hoarseness and arterial desaturation, but the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Both the ILMA-Fastrach™ and the air-Q(®) provided a similar rate of successful intubation, but ILMA-Fastrach™ was better for ventilation. The rate of adverse events was similar with both devices. Because no additional maneuver was used to facilitated intubation, there needs to be further studies to confirm these findings.


Assuntos
Intubação Intratraqueal/instrumentação , Máscaras Laríngeas , Adulto , Idoso , Manuseio das Vias Aéreas , Anestesia por Inalação , Desenho de Equipamento , Feminino , Tecnologia de Fibra Óptica , Glote , Rouquidão/etiologia , Humanos , Intubação Intratraqueal/efeitos adversos , Máscaras Laríngeas/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Faringe/lesões , Respiração Artificial/instrumentação
11.
Rev. esp. anestesiol. reanim ; 58(9): 563-573, nov.2011. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-93710

RESUMO

La cefalea postpunción dural es la complicación mayor más habitual tras la anestesia neuroaxial, y es especialmente frecuente en obstetricia. Suele ser una complicación benigna y autolimitada, pero sin tratamiento puede conducir a otras complicaciones más graves e incluso puede producir la muerte. Se han propuesto múltiples medios de profilaxis y tratamiento, pero en muchos casos la evidencia científica es insuficiente. Para su profilaxis tras una punción dural accidental la única medida eficaz es dejar el catéter en posición intradural; la morfina epidural también podría serlo. Una vez instaurado el cuadro clínico, debe prescribirse un tratamiento conservador durante las primeras 24 horas. Si fracasa, la medida más efectiva continúa siendo el parche hemático epidural, que no se debe demorar más de 24-48 horas para no prolongar el sufrimiento de la paciente. Si son necesarios más de dos parches, hay que descartar otra causa potencialmente grave de la cefalea(AU)


Postdural puncture headache is the most common major complication following neuraxial anesthesia; this adverse event is particularly frequent in obstetrics. The headache is usually benign and self-limited but if left untreated can lead to more serious complications that may be life-threatening. Many treatments and prophylactic measures have been suggested, but evidence supporting them is scarce in many cases. After accidental dural puncture the only effective preventive measure is to leave the catheter inside the dura; epidural morphine infusion may also help. Once symptoms begin, treatment is conservative for the first 24 hours. If this approach fails, the most effective intervention continues to be a blood patch, which should not be delayed beyond 24 to 48 hours in order to avoid suffering. If more blood patches are required, other possible causes of headache should be ruled out(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Cefaleia/induzido quimicamente , Cefaleia/complicações , Cefaleia/diagnóstico , Anestesia/efeitos adversos , Antibioticoprofilaxia/métodos , Antibioticoprofilaxia/tendências , Antibioticoprofilaxia , /métodos , Catéteres , Anestesia Epidural/métodos , Morfina/uso terapêutico , Anestesia Epidural/efeitos adversos , Injeções Epidurais/efeitos adversos
12.
Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim ; 58(9): 563-73, 2011 Nov.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22279876

RESUMO

Postdural puncture headache is the most common major complication following neuraxial anesthesia; this adverse event is particularly frequent in obstetrics. The headache is usually benign and self-limited but if left untreated can lead to more serious complications that may be life-threatening. Many treatments and prophylactic measures have been suggested, but evidence supporting them is scarce in many cases. After accidental dural puncture the only effective preventive measure is to leave the catheter inside the dura; epidural morphine infusion may also help. Once symptoms begin, treatment is conservative for the first 24 hours. If this approach fails, the most effective intervention continues to be a blood patch, which should not be delayed beyond 24 to 48 hours in order to avoid suffering. If more blood patches are required, other possible causes of headache should be ruled out.


Assuntos
Anestesia Obstétrica/efeitos adversos , Cefaleia Pós-Punção Dural/etiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Cefaleia Pós-Punção Dural/diagnóstico , Cefaleia Pós-Punção Dural/terapia , Gravidez , Fatores de Risco
13.
Actual. anestesiol. reanim ; 17(4): 149-177, oct.-dic. 2007.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-058673

RESUMO

Un gran número de enfermedades respiratorias afecta a los pulmones y concierne al quehacer del anestesista: fístulas pulmonares arteriovenosas, granulomatosis de Wegener, síndrome de Churg-Strauss, hemosiderosis pulmonar idiomática, sarcoidosis, etc. En este artículo discutimos las enfermedades raras del aparato respiratorio que pueden encontrarse durante el transcurso del discurrir anestésico y sus implicaciones anestésicas. Cada sección relata la enfermedad del aparato respiratorio y finaliza con una discusión de sus consideraciones anestésicas. La evaluación preoperatoria de estos pacientes con enfermedades del aparato respiratorio sirve para identificar a los de alto riesgo de aparición de complicaciones en el intraoperatorio y postoperatorio y a ayudar al anestesista al manejo perioperatorio del mismo y a evitar complicaciones. El anestesiólogo puede incluso recomendar diferir la cirugía hasta que el paciente esté mejor preparado para el acto quirúrgico


A great number of respiratory diseases affect the lungs and concern anaesthetists: Pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas, Wegener’s granulomatosis, Churg-Strauss syndrome, idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis, sarcoidosis... We schematically discuss the uncommon respiratory diseases that could be encountered during the anaesthetic course, and their anaesthetic implications. Each section describes the respiratory disease and concludes with a discussion of the anaesthetic considerations. Pre-operative evaluation of patients with respiratory diseases serves to identify those at higher risk for intra-operative and post-operative complications and to help the anaesthetist manage the per-operative patient’s care and avoid complications. The anaesthetist may even recommend deferring surgery until the patient is better prepared for surgery


Assuntos
Humanos , Doenças Respiratórias/cirurgia , Anestesia/métodos , Doenças Raras/cirurgia , Paralisia Respiratória/cirurgia , Fístula Arteriovenosa/cirurgia , Síndromes da Apneia do Sono/cirurgia , Granulomatose com Poliangiite/cirurgia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/cirurgia , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/cirurgia
14.
Actual. anestesiol. reanim ; 17(3): 90-107, jul.-sept. 2007.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-058669

RESUMO

Se presentan las implicaciones anestésicas de las enfermedades de rara aparición dependientes del aparato digestivo que agrupan un gran número de patologías, muchas de ellas presentes en el nacimiento, y que no excluyen la llegada a la edad adulta. Los signos más importantes de su curso clínico se presentan como cuadros de desnutrición o malnutrición y muchas de ellas, en edades avanzadas, cursan con cuadros de malabsorción. Así mismo, se presentan las enfermedades derivadas de la ausencia de vitaminas y componentes esenciales, como los minerales, que pueden presentarse como cuadros clínicos abigarrados y de difícil diagnóstico. Las implicaciones anestésicas, como se verá, dependen de una multiplicidad de factores y de la gravedad de la enfermedad específica. Nuestro grupo de trabajo sobre Anestesia en Enfermedades de Rara Aparición ha desarrollado un complejo estudio, del que relatamos aquí un esquema de los síndromes y enfermedades más importantes


We explain the anaesthetic implications in gastroenteric uncommon diseases that include a great number of pathological entities that can be presented since the birth, but also could be manifested in the adult age. The most important signs of their clinical courses appear like undernourishment or malnutrition medical profile and many of them, in elderly or middle-aged people, attend with malabsortion syndromes. Also diseases derived from vitamin absence and essential components appear, like minerals, which can be manifested like clinical signs of difficult diagnosis. The anaesthetic implications depend on a multiplicity of factors and the gravity of the specific disease. Our Anaesthesia Work Group in Uncommon Diseases has developed a difficult study. We related here an abstract of the main syndromes and diseases


Assuntos
Humanos , Doenças Raras/cirurgia , Anestesia/métodos , Gastroenteropatias/cirurgia , Fatores de Risco , Desnutrição/complicações , Deficiência de Vitaminas/complicações , Índice de Gravidade de Doença
15.
Actual. anestesiol. reanim ; 17(3): 116-132, jul.-sept. 2007.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-058671

RESUMO

Las enfermedades cardiovasculares suponen la principal causa de morbimortalidad en los países desarrollados. Algunas entidades, como la cardiopatía isquémica, la hipertensión arterial, las valvulopatías o la insuficiencia cardiaca han sido ampliamente estudiadas y su manejo anestésico es bien conocido y, en algunos casos, muy específico (sirva de ejemplo el caso de las cardiopatías congénitas). Son muy numerosas, sin embargo, las patologías cardiacas y vasculares que, por su escasa frecuencia en la población general, representan una dificultad para el anestesiólogo que se enfrenta a ellas, dada la escasa bibliografía existente. En este artículo, tratamos de recoger los puntos clave que debe tener en cuenta el anestesiólogo que recibe a su cargo a uno de estos pacientes. En primer lugar, abordamos los trastornos arritmogénicos que pueden asociarse a un riesgo elevado de muerte súbita intraoperatoria. Después, desarrollaremos las implicaciones anestésicas de enfermedades que cursan con disfunción miocárdica, para continuar con las enfermedades que afectan al pericardio. Seguidamente trataremos el manejo de la hipertensión pulmonar primaria. No podemos dejar de referirnos también a ciertos síndromes, hereditarios o no, en los que la afectación cardiotorácica es un dato preponderante. Por último, se mencionan un grupo de síndromes asociados a malformaciones vasculares, con importantes repercusiones en la elección de la modalidad anestésica (vía aérea potencialmente difícil y riesgo de hematoma epidural asociado a la anestesia neuroaxial,…)


Cardiovascular diseases suppose the first cause of morbimortality in the first world. Some nosological entities as ischemic cardiomyopathy, high blood pressure, valvular heart diseases, heart failure have been widely studied, and anaesthetic management is well known but occasionally very specific (for example, congenital heart diseases). However, there are a lot of vascular and cardiac pathologies with a very little rate of presentation and short existing bibliographic data, those suppose for the anaesthetist a very difficult work. In this article, we try to include the distinctive features that the anaesthetist must be considering when he receives some of these patients. In the first term, we tackle the arrhythmic disorders that can be associated with high risk of intra-operative sudden death episodes. After, we will develop the anaesthetic implications in diseases with myocardium and pericardium dysfunction. Then we continue with the management of the primary pulmonary hypertension. We cannot leave too to refer certain hereditary or not syndromes, which the cardiotorathyc affectation is the most important symptom. At last, we mention a group of vascular associated malformations syndromes, with very important repercussion in the anaesthetic election techniques (potential difficult airway, peridural haematoma risk associated with neuroaxial anaesthesia…)


Assuntos
Humanos , Doenças Cardiovasculares/cirurgia , Anestesia/métodos , Doenças Raras/cirurgia , Taquicardia por Reentrada no Nó Atrioventricular/cirurgia , Displasia Arritmogênica Ventricular Direita/cirurgia , Miocardite/cirurgia , Pericardite/cirurgia , Tamponamento Cardíaco/cirurgia , Hipertensão Pulmonar/cirurgia
16.
Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor ; 13(6): 410-420, ago. 2006.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-63980

RESUMO

El dolor neuropático es una forma de dolor crónico provocada por una lesión o enfermedad del sistema nervioso, central o periférico. Dicho dolor supone un gran desafío, ya que habitualmente no responde a los tratamientos habituales. Una mejoría significativa se ha obtenido al tratar este tipo de dolor con fármacos anticonvulsivantes. Esta mejoría es debida al efecto neuromodulador de estos fármacos. En los últimos años se han introducido nuevos antiepilépticos en la práctica clínica. La lamotrigina es un nuevo fármaco antiepiléptico que estabiliza las membranas neuronales al bloquear los canales del sodio voltaje-dependiente e inhibir la liberación presináptica de glutamato. Diversos estudios han demostrado la eficacia de la lamotrigina en varias formas de dolor neuropático. Este trabajo aporta una revisión de la farmacología, de las evidencias clínicas de eficacia y de la seguridad de la lamotrigina en el tratamiento del dolor neuropático (AU)


Neuropathic pain, a form of chronic pain caused by injury to or disease of the peripheral or central nervous system, is a formidable therapeutic challenge to clinicians because it does not respond well to traditional pain therapies. Significant improvement of neuropathic pain has been achieved with studies that have demonstrated efficacy of newer anticonvulsants in relieving this type of pain, by having a neuromodulatory effect on the hyperexcitable damaged nervous system. In recent years, several new-generation antiepileptic drugs have been introduced in clinical practice. Lamotrigine is a new antiepileptic drug that stabilizes neural membranes by blocking the activation of voltage-sensitive sodium channels and inhibiting the presynaptic release of glutamate. Full length reports have demonstrated the efficacy of lamotrigine in the treatment of various forms of neuropathic pain. The present drug profile provides a review of the pharmacologic properties of lamotrigine, the clinical evidence related to its efficacy and safety, in the treatment of neuropathic pain (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Anticonvulsivantes/farmacologia , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/tratamento farmacológico , Neuralgia/tratamento farmacológico , Anticonvulsivantes/efeitos adversos , Anticonvulsivantes/farmacocinética , Neuralgia do Trigêmeo/tratamento farmacológico , Neuropatias Diabéticas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Esclerose Múltipla/tratamento farmacológico
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