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1.
Rev. logop. foniatr. audiol. (Ed. impr.) ; 30(3): 144-150, jul.-sept. 2010.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-128964

RESUMO

Uno de los debates que actualmente está cobrando mayor relevancia social son las cada vez más frecuentes situaciones de violencia y absentismo escolar en los adolescentes de nuestra sociedad. Esta situación empeora el trabajo docente, y se observa un aumento de relaciones conflictivas entre el profesorado y el alumnado. El rendimiento académico de estos jóvenes se resiente hasta el punto del abandono escolar. Identificar el mayor número posible de variables implicadas en el fracaso académico y social de los adolescentes, así como sus causas, debe ser un objetivo prioritario en la investigación actual, con el fin de poder optimizar las condiciones educativas de los alumnos, e implementar programas de prevención e intervención con todos los actores implicados en el proceso de aprendizaje. Durante los últimos años, numerosas investigaciones han incluido entre sus objetivos el estudio de las habilidades lingüísticas y conductuales. El presente trabajo pretende ofrecer una visión general e integrada sobre la situación actual en el estudio de la relación entre estas dos variables, y su papel en el fracaso académico y social de los adolescentes, así como abrir futuras líneas de investigación dentro del campo educativo (AU)


One of the issues that is currently gaining wide social importance is the increase in violence and truancy among Spanish adolescents. This situation greatly hampers the work of teachers, increasing conflicts between staff and students. The academic performance of these youngsters is weakened to the point of dropout. Identifying the maximum number of variables involved in academic failure and the social development of adolescents, as well as their causes, should be a current research priority. Such research would help to optimize educational conditions by implementing prevention programs and intervention strategies with all the actors involved in the learning process. In the last few years, numerous investigations have analyzed language and behavioral skills. The present study aims to provide a comprehensive and integrated view about the current state of the relationship between these two variables and their role in academic failure and social development in adolescents, as well as to indicate future research lines in the field of education (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Comportamento do Adolescente/fisiologia , Comportamento do Adolescente/psicologia , Violência/psicologia , Saúde do Adolescente , Baixo Rendimento Escolar , Apoio Social , Psiquiatria do Adolescente/métodos , Psiquiatria do Adolescente/tendências , Psicologia do Adolescente/métodos , Psicologia do Adolescente/tendências , Docentes
2.
Rev Neurol ; 47(1): 21-6, 2008.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18592476

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The Grammatical Structures Comprehension Test (CEG) has been designed to evaluate the language alterations of both Spanish speaking children and adults (specific language impairment, aphasia, craneoencephalic traumatism...) in a rapid and simple way. AIM: To study the psychometric properties of the CEG (reliability, validity and discrimination rates). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The test was carried out on a sample of 1,404 children. The criteria validity was done with 181 children, whom various tests other than CEG were applied to. RESULTS: The discrimination rate in the 27% of the subjects with the highest scores in the CEG and the 27% of those that had the worst scores show that more than the half of the test elements produce a rate higher than 0.3 between children with good and bad scores. Out of the 20 blocks of the CEG, 15 of them present a discrimination rate between 0.5 and 1. Finally, the discrimination rate data obtained for each age group reveal that the easiest and the most difficult elements and blocks are coherently those with a lower discrimination power. This trend can be noticed in each age group. CONCLUSIONS: CEG is a reliable and valid measure to evaluate the grammatical comprehension, being very useful in clinics.


Assuntos
Transtornos da Linguagem/diagnóstico , Testes de Linguagem , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Psicometria , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes
3.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 47(1): 21-26, 1 jul., 2008. ilus, tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-69321

RESUMO

Introducción. El test de comprensión de estructuras gramaticales (CEG) es una prueba que permite evaluar a niños y adultos que presentan alteraciones en la comprensión del lenguaje (trastorno específico del lenguaje, afasia, traumatismo craneoencefálico, etc.), de forma rápida y sencilla. Objetivo. Estudiar las propiedades psicométricas del CEG (fiabilidad, validez e índices de discriminación). Sujetos y métodos. La prueba se aplicó a 1.404 niños. En el estudio de validez de criterio participaron 181 niños, a los que se administraron otras pruebas además del CEG.Resultados. Los índices de discriminaciónobtenidos entre el 27% de sujetos con puntuaciones totales más altas en el CEG y el 27% que consiguió peor puntuación mostraron que más de la mitad de los elementos del test arrojan un índice superior a 0,3 entre los niños con mejor y peor puntuación. De los 20 bloques de estructuras gramaticales del CEG, 15 presentan un índice de discriminación entre el 0,5 y 1. Finalmente, los resultados de los índices de discriminación de los bloques en cada grupo de edad indican que los elementos y bloques más fáciles y más difíciles son, lógicamente, los que tienen menor poder de discriminación, tendencia que se manifiestaen cada grupo de edad. Conclusiones. El CEG es una medida válida y fiable para la evaluación de la comprensión gramatical, en función de los resultados, y es de gran utilidad en el campo clínico


Introduction. The Grammatical Structures Comprehension Test (CEG) has been designed to evaluate the languagealterations of both Spanish speaking children and adults (specific language impairment, aphasia, craneoencephalic traumatism...) in a rapid and simple way. Aim. To study the psychometric properties of the CEG (reliability, validity and discrimination rates). Subjects and methods. The test was carried out on a sample of 1,404 children. The criteria validity was done with 181 children, whom various tests other than CEG were applied to. Results. The discrimination rate in the 27% of the subjects with the highest scores in the CEG and the 27% of those that had the worst scores show that more than the half of the test elements produce a rate higher than 0.3 between children with good and bad scores. Out of the 20 blocks of the CEG, 15 of them present a discrimination rate between 0.5 and 1. Finally, the discrimination rate data obtained for each age group reveal that the easiest and the most difficult elements and blocks are coherently those with a lower discrimination power. This trend can be noticed in each age group. Conclusions. CEG is a reliable and valid measure to evaluate the grammatical comprehension, being very useful in clinics


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adulto , Psicometria/instrumentação , Compreensão , Testes de Linguagem , Transtornos da Linguagem/psicologia , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes
4.
Rev. logop. foniatr. audiol. (Ed. impr.) ; 25(2): 62-71, abr.-jun. 2005. tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-049237

RESUMO

Con esta investigación se ha pretendido conseguir un doble objetivo. Por un lado, obtener un índice de validez concurrente del CEG (Test de Comprensión de Estructuras Gramaticales), tomando como criterio el rendimiento escolar de los alumnos, a juicio de sus tutores académicos, a través de la Escala de Valoración del Lenguaje Observable (EVLO) del CELF-3, edición en español. Por otro lado, pretendíamos comprobar si las puntuaciones obtenidas en el CEG podrían ser un indicador del rendimiento escolar de los alumnos, esta vez también según los criterios de los tutores. Con respecto al primer objetivo, la correlación obtenida entre la puntuación total del CEG y cada uno de los apartados de la EVLO es significativa en todos ellos, oscilando los valores entre -0,477 (escucha) y -0,621 (escribe). Dado que las preguntas formuladas en la EVLO son todas referidas a aspectos lingüísticos en sus dominios orales y escritos, podemos afirmar que el CEG es un instrumento válido a efectos de la determinación del rendimiento escolar de los niños en el ámbito lingüístico. En lo referente al segundo objetivo nuestros resultados indican que el rendimiento académico de los niños que puntúan por encima del centil 67 en el CEG es valorado por sus tutores de forma muy positiva, a la inversa de lo que sucede con los niños cuyas puntuaciones en el CEG se sitúan por debajo del centil 33. Se puede, por tanto, concluir, que las dificultades de comprensión del lenguaje oral pueden estar en el origen de los problemas de rendimiento académico en el área del lenguaje que presentan algunos niños


The aim of this paper is twofold. First, to obtain a CEG (Test de Comprensión de Estructuras Gramaticales) concurrent validity index, which depends on the academic performance of children according to their teachers via the Spanish Assessment Scaling for Observable Language (EVLO: Escala de Valoración del Lenguaje Observable) of CELF- 3, Spanish edition. We have found that the correlation between the total CEG scoring and the EVLO assessment is significant for all sections of EVLO, ranging between -0.477 (hearing) and -0.621 (writing). Since all questions in EVLO refer to both oral and writing linguistics aspects, we can state that CEG is a good instrument for the determination of the academic performance of children in the linguistic field. Second, to check whether the CEG scores could be an indicator for the academic performance of children according to their teachers' criteria. Our results show that the academic performance of children with CEG scores above the centil 67, is assessed by their teachers very positively. On the contrary, they assessed very poorly the children with CEG scores below the centil 33. Therefore, we conclude that the problems of comprehension of oral language can be at the origin of the difficulties for academic performance in the area of language which some children show


Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Humanos , Compreensão , Testes de Linguagem , Avaliação Educacional/métodos , Transtornos da Linguagem/diagnóstico
5.
J Voice ; 8(2): 157-62, 1994 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8061771

RESUMO

The analysis of high-frequency energy levels can presently be considered as being more influenced by the characteristics of the speaker than by the phonetic material, serving as an indicator of the quality of the voice. In this study the energy levels in the frequency intervals of 6-10 and 10-16 kHz were evaluated, both in dysphonic voices and in subjects with no voice problems. The material consisted of consonant-vowel syllables formed by stop phonemes and the basic Spanish vowels, analyzing the vocal segment. The results indicate that the energy, found from the power spectrum average, in both frequency areas, is significantly bigger in the group with dysphonic voices. The analysis in the 10-16 kHz regions shows additional significant differences of energy between the vowels, progressively decreasing from front to back vowels.


Assuntos
Fala/fisiologia , Distúrbios da Voz/fisiopatologia , Voz/fisiologia , Adulto , Desenho de Equipamento , Feminino , Humanos , Ruído , Fonética , Espectrografia do Som , Acústica da Fala , Medida da Produção da Fala , Qualidade da Voz
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