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1.
Trastor. adict. (Ed. impr.) ; 8(4): 261-275, oct. 2006. ilus, tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-050309

RESUMO

Objetivo. Describir y analizar el consumode opiáceos (heroína y/o policonsumo) en lasmujeres, teniendo presente las pautas de iniciación,mantenimiento y abandono o cese del consumo.Material y método. Estudio cualitativo sobre 25mujeres en las que se recoge su historia de vidamediante entrevistas en profundidad y se realizaun seguimiento de las mismas durante la década delos años noventa.Resultados. Se encuentra el consumo sostenidodurante 4 años de una mujer y se exponen los factoresasociados a este consumo. Se recogen estereotiposrelacionados con las mujeres usuarias de drogasen el contexto de los usuarios y de losprofesionales. En cuanto a las pautas de iniciaciónde drogas, las mujeres presentan menor policonsumoy el desarrollo de ciertas conductas de seguridad.Las mujeres cesan el consumo de drogascuando se encuentran en estado de gestación o articulanestrategias de disminución de riesgos. Lasusuarias de drogas son activas en el desarrollo deactividades para mantener el consumo no dependiendoexclusivamente de sus parejas y sólo algunasrecurren a la prostitución. Por último, se ofrecenalgunas reflexiones y sugerencias para losprogramas de recuperación: la presencia y cercaníade sus hijos durante el tratamiento, atender lostraumas por abuso sexual y violencia, clima deconfianza y seguridad reforzando el discurso femenino,incidir en la preparación e inserción laboralpara romper la dependencia y subordinación de lasmujeres.Conclusiones. Se indican aspectos diferenciales yespecíficos en las mujeres usuarias de drogas y lanecesidad de que los programas de tratamientotengan una perspectiva de género


Objective. To describe and to analysethe opiates and others drugs use among women,with particularly interest in the patterns of initiations,continue drug taking and quit it.Material and methods. It is qualitative study conductedwith in 25 women, whose life history wascollected through in-depth interviews in the early90’s followed and were up during that decade.Results. We have found a steady use of heroin ina women for four years with characteristic usuallyfound with this use. The stereotypes of women addictionheld by professionals and users are presented.In relations to patterns of initiation drugs, thewomen show minor multiple consumption and developsecurity behaviour. When women are pregnant,they stop using drugs or develop harm reductionstrategies. Female drug users are active in theactivities directed to the drug use maintenance, thedon’t relay on the partners and only some them getthey money through prostitution. Finally, some reflectionsand treatment suggestions are offered:contact with their children during treatment, addresstrauma caused by sexual abuse and violence, to establish an emotional security and trust environment,empowering a female discourse and topromote educational training and getting a job inorder to eliminate women subornation and dependency.Conclusions. Its indicates the differential andspecific issues which are present in female drugusers and the need that treatment programs includea gender perspective


Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Opioides/epidemiologia , Entorpecentes/efeitos adversos , Dependência de Heroína/epidemiologia , Fatores Sexuais , Mulheres , Comportamento Aditivo/reabilitação
2.
Aten Primaria ; 35(8): 402-7, 2005 May 15.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15882496

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To find the views of those filling out prescriptions on the factors that affect differential prescription of psychiatric medication, and on reducing the prescription; and to analyse their discourse for possible implicit gender bias. DESIGN: Qualitative methodology. Semi-structured interviews conducted in 2002-2003. SETTING: Urban and rural health centres. PARTICIPANTS: Family and community medicine and psychiatry professionals working in the public health services of Andalusia, the Community of Madrid, and the Basque Country. Segmentation criteria: community of residence, age, sex, medical speciality, and location of centre. METHODS: Structural sample. Interviews conducted by the research team. Strategy of analysis in two distinct processes: contents analysis with agreed categories and gender analysis of the discourse. RESULTS. The prescribers found that taking psychiatric medication was associated with sex, age, social and economic category, and social expectations. In the discourses we found consumer profiles emerging that were not found in the epidemiological literature. Discourse analysis showed implicit gender bias in the beliefs of some prescribers. CONCLUSIONS. To minimise the growing offer and demand for psychiatric medication, prescribers thought training in diagnosis and psychotherapy should be improved, case-loads should be reduced, co-ordination between services improved and alternative treatments favoured. To minimise gender bias in the diagnosis and prescription of psychiatric medication, we think training is needed on the influence of cultural and gender factors on the process of construction of identities.


Assuntos
Médicos/psicologia , Fatores Sexuais , Adulto , Prescrições de Medicamentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Preparações Farmacêuticas , Psicotrópicos/uso terapêutico , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Inquéritos e Questionários
3.
Aten. prim. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 35(8): 402-407, mayo 2005. tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-039451

RESUMO

Objetivos. Conocer la opinión de los prescriptores en relación con los factores que influyen en la prescripción diferencial y sus propuestas para disminuir la prescripción de psicofármacos, así como analizar los discursos con el objeto de mostrar los posibles sesgos de género implícitos. Diseño. Metodología cualitativa. Entrevistas semiestructuradas realizadas durante los años 2002 y 2003. Emplazamiento. Centros de salud urbanos y rurales. Participantes. Profesionales de medicina familiar y comunitaria y psiquiatría que trabajan en los servicios públicos de salud de Andalucía, Comunidad de Madrid y País Vasco. Criterios de segmentación: comunidad de residencia, edad, sexo, especialidad médica y ubicación del centro. Métodos. Muestra estructural. Entrevistas realizadas por el equipo investigador. Estrategia de análisis en dos procesos diferenciados: análisis de contenido con categorías consensuadas y análisis del discurso desde la perspectiva de género. Resultados. En los prescriptores se observa una asociación entre el consumo de psicofármacos y el sexo, la edad, el nivel socioeconómico y las expectativas sociales. En los discursos encontramos perfiles emergentes de consumidores que no aparecen en la bibliografía epidemiológica. El análisis del discurso pone de manifiesto sesgos de género implícitos en las creencias de algunos prescriptores. Conclusiones. Para minimizar la creciente oferta y demanda de psicofármacos, los prescriptores consideran necesario mejorar la formación en diagnosis y psicoterapia, rebajar la presión asistencial, mejorar la coordinación entre servicios y favorecer tratamientos alternativos. Para minimizar los sesgos de género en el diagnóstico y la prescripción de psicofármacos consideramos necesaria la formación en cuestiones relacionadas con la influencia de los factores culturales y generalizadas en el proceso de construcción de las identidades


Objectives. To find the views of those filling out prescriptions on the factors that affect differential prescription of psychiatric medication, and on reducing the prescription; and to analyse their discourse for possible implicit gender bias. Design. Qualitative methodology. Semi-structured interviews conducted in 2002-2003. Setting. Urban and rural health centres. Participants. Family and community medicine and psychiatry professionals working in the public health services of Andalusia, the Community of Madrid, and the Basque Country. Segmentation criteria: community of residence, age, sex, medical speciality, and location of centre. Methods. Structural sample. Interviews conducted by the research team. Strategy of analysis in two distinct processes: contents analysis with agreed categories and gender analysis of the discourse. Results. The prescribers found that taking psychiatric medication was associated with sex, age, social and economic category, and social expectations. In the discourses we found consumer profiles emerging that were not found in the epidemiological literature. Discourse analysis showed implicit gender bias in the beliefs of some prescribers. Conclusions. To minimise the growing offer and demand for psychiatric medication, prescribers thought training in diagnosis and psychotherapy should be improved, case-loads should be reduced, co-ordination between services improved and alternative treatments favoured. To minimise gender bias in the diagnosis and prescription of psychiatric medication, we think training is needed on the influence of cultural and gender factors on the process of construction of identities


Assuntos
Masculino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Humanos , Médicos/psicologia , Fatores Sexuais , Preparações Farmacêuticas , Prescrições de Medicamentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Psicotrópicos/uso terapêutico , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Inquéritos e Questionários , Apoio à Pesquisa como Assunto , Fatores Socioeconômicos
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