Network Analysis of Cattle Movement in Mato Grosso Do Sul (Brazil) and Implications for Foot-and-Mouth Disease.

Foot-and mouth disease (FMD) is an animal disease that generates many economic impacts and sanctions on the international market. In 2018, Brazil, the world's largest beef exporter, had the recognition by World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) as a country free of FMD with vaccination and proposed to withdraw FMD vaccination throughout the country, based on a 10-year schedule, beginning in 2019. Therefore, Brazil needs studies to help the decision-making process, particularly regarding the availability of resources for strengthening of official animal health services. The state of Mato Grosso do Sul (MS) was chosen to be analyzed for three reasons: the size of its herd, the economic importance of its livestock and its location-which lies on the border with Paraguay and Bolivia. The current study adopted the Social Network Analysis and performed an exploratory analysis of cattle movement in MS. The most central municipalities in the networks were identified and they can be seen as crucial in strategies to monitor animal movement and to control outbreaks. The cattle movement networks demonstrated to be strongly connected, implying a high-speed potential FMD diffusion, in case of reintroduction. In a second stage, we performed an exploratory analysis of animal movement within the state, assuming distinct points in time for the identification of animal origin. The results of the analysis underlined the need and relevance of investing in animal control, sanitary education for producers and equipment and technologies to assist in the early detection, diagnosis, and eradication of outbreaks in a fast and efficient manner, preventing a possible outbreak from spreading to other regions.

A Potential Role for Mononuclear Phagocytes in Cutaneous Ulcer Development in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Leishmania braziliensis Coinfection.

Skin ulcer development in cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania braziliensis infection is associated with a mononuclear cell infiltrate and high levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Herein, we show that despite the absence of Leishmania-driven TNF, a cutaneous leishmaniasis patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome developed a skin ulcer. The presence of mononuclear phagocytes and high levels of TNF, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), and metalloproteinase-9 in tissue are identified as potential contributors to immunopathology observed in L. braziliensis-infected patients.

Protective efficacy of Psidium cattleianum and Myracrodruon urundeuva aqueous extracts against caries development in rats.

This study evaluated the influence of Psidium cattleianum Sabine (Myrtaceae) and Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão (Anacardiaceae) aqueous extracts on S. mutans counts and dental enamel micro-hardness of rats submitted to a cariogenic challenge. Sixty Wistar rats were distributed in three groups and received water (control) or aqueous extracts of Psidium cattleianum or Myracrodruon urundeuva as hydration solution. Initially the animals had their sublingual and submandibular salivary glands surgically removed and the parotid ducts ligated. Then the rats were inoculated with 10(6) CFU of Streptococcus mutans ATCC 35668 and were fed with a cariogenic diet. To detect and quantify the presence of S. mutans, oral biofilms were sampled and microbial DNA was extracted and submitted to amplification by means of real-time PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction). After seven weeks the animals were sacrificed and enamel demineralization was analyzed by cross-sectional micro-hardness. Both extracts produced a significant reduction on S. mutans counts and decreased the enamel demineralization. It can be concluded that the extracts tested had a significant effect on S. mutans in oral biofilm of the rats, decreasing S. mutans accumulation and enamel demineralization.

Intravenous procedural sedation: an alternative in the treatment of patients with intellectual disability

Conscious sedation has become established as an important alternative to general anesthesia (GA) in dental treatment of patients with intellectual disability (ID). Aim: to investigate dental patients undergoing sedation using a mean dose of 0.6 mg/kg intravenous midazolam and the adverse events of sedation in patients with ID. Methods: This study analyzed the records of 163 dental patients with ID aged between 2 and 76 years who had undergone conscious intravenous sedation (CIV) using a mean dose of 0.61 mg/kg of midazolam at Araçatuba Dental School, São Paulo State University, Brazil. The efficacy and complications induced by CIV were evaluated in each subject. Results: CIV was effective for dental treatment in 80% of the cases. A total of 626 dental procedures were performed. The mean treatment time was 33.9 minutes. There was statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between absence and presence of adverse reactions. Adverse reactions were observed in 21.47% of the cases. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that CIV is a useful method for dental treatment of patients with ID and these patients can need higher doses of sedative to reach an adequate level of sedation.

Sedação consciente com midazolam, via endovenosa, para realização de tratamento odontológico em pessoas com deficiência / Conscious sedation with Midazolam, intravenously, to odontological treatment in disable persons

O objetivo deste estudo foi observar resultados de procedimentos odontológicos realizados em pessoas com deficiência, sob sedação consciente com Midazolam, via endovenosa, realizados no Centro de Assistência Odontológica à Pessoa com Deficiência, da Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba – UNESP. Acompanhou-se 460 procedimentos, independente do gênero, idade ou deficiência dos pacientes, que não permitiram a realização de tratamento odontológico previamente. Os resultados foram classificados como sucesso (quando realizados sem problemas, ainda que necessária contenção auxiliar suave, ou houve algum problema contornável, mas os procedimentos planejados puderam ser realizados) e insucesso (quando não foi possível a realização do tratamento planejado). Registrou-se, ainda, o uso de medicamentos pelos pacientes e as prováveis causas de insucesso. A pressão arterial, freqüência cardíaca, saturação de oxigênio e temperatura corporal foram monitorados antes, durante e após o procedimento. As dosagens de Midazolam administradas foram entre 05 a 60mg, de acordo com o peso corporal do paciente. Na maioria dos casos, foi possível a realização do tratamento planejado, sem danos aos pacientes nem à equipe odontológica e os sinais vitais se mantiveram dentro de valores normais. A sedação consciente com Midazolam, via endovenosa, pode ser considerada uma alternativa eficaz para o tratamento odontológico em pessoas com deficiência não colaboradores

The objective of this study was to observe the results of dental procedures performed in disable persons under conscious sedation with Midazolam, intravenously, assisted at the Dental Care Center for Patients with Special Needs, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba - UNESP. 460 procedures were observed, regardless of gender, age or disability of the patients, which did not allow their dental treatment realization. The results were classified as success (when carried out without problems, even it was necessary restraint gentle help, or there was some manageable problem, but the planned procedures could be performed) and failure (when it was not possible to perform the planned treatment). It was also recorded, the use of medicines by patients and the probable causes of failure results. Blood pressure, heart rate, oxygen saturation and body temperature were monitored before, during and after the procedure. The doses of Midazolam were administered between 05 to 60mg, according to the patient’s body weight. In most cases it was possible to perform the planned treatment without problems to the patients or to the dental staff and their vital signs remained within normal values. The conscious sedation with Midazolam, intravenously, can be considered an effective alternative for dental treatment to disable persons not employees

Sedação consciente com midazolam, via endovenosa, para realização de tratamento odontológico em pessoas com deficiência / Conscious sedation with Midazolam, intravenously, to odontological treatment in disable persons

O objetivo deste estudo foi observar resultados de procedimentos odontológicos realizados em pessoas com deficiência, sob sedação consciente com Midazolam, via endovenosa, realizados no Centro de Assistência Odontológica à Pessoa com Deficiência, da Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba – UNESP. Acompanhou-se 460 procedimentos, independente do gênero, idade ou deficiência dos pacientes, que não permitiram a realização de tratamento odontológico previamente. Os resultados foram classificados como sucesso (quando realizados sem problemas, ainda que necessária contenção auxiliar suave, ou houve algum problema contornável, mas os procedimentos planejados puderam ser realizados) e insucesso (quando não foi possível a realização do tratamento planejado). Registrou-se, ainda, o uso de medicamentos pelos pacientes e as prováveis causas de insucesso. A pressão arterial, freqüência cardíaca, saturação de oxigênio e temperatura corporal foram monitorados antes, durante e após o procedimento. As dosagens de Midazolam administradas foram entre 05 a 60mg, de acordo com o peso corporal do paciente. Na maioria dos casos, foi possível a realização do tratamento planejado, sem danos aos pacientes nem à equipe odontológica e os sinais vitais se mantiveram dentro de valores normais. A sedação consciente com Midazolam, via endovenosa, pode ser considerada uma alternativa eficaz para o tratamento odontológico em pessoas com deficiência não colaboradores.

The objective of this study was to observe the results of dental procedures performed in disable persons under conscious sedation with Midazolam, intravenously, assisted at the Dental Care Center for Patients with Special Needs, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba - UNESP. 460 procedures were observed, regardless of gender, age or disability of the patients, which did not allow their dental treatment realization. The results were classified as success (when carried out without problems, even it was necessary restraint gentle help, or there was some manageable problem, but the planned procedures could be performed) and failure (when it was not possible to perform the planned treatment). It was also recorded, the use of medicines by patients and the probable causes of failure results. Blood pressure, heart rate, oxygen saturation and body temperature were monitored before, during and after the procedure. The doses of Midazolam were administered between 05 to 60mg, according to the patient’s body weight. In most cases it was possible to perform the planned treatment without problems to the patients or to the dental staff and their vital signs remained within normal values. The conscious sedation with Midazolam, intravenously, can be considered an effective alternative for dental treatment to disable persons not employees.

Síndrome da regressão caudal: um relato de caso / Caudal regression syndrome: a case report

A síndrome da regressão caudal (SRC) é uma malformação rara descrita pela primeira vez por Bernard Duhamel, em 1960, como um espectro de malformações congênitas que consiste de anomalias do resto dos sistemas urinário e genital, da espinha lombossacral das extremidades inferiores. Atualmente é caracterizada por anomalia anorretal e do sistema genital e desenvolvimento incompleto do sacro. Discute-se que o diabetes materno, a predisposição genética, teratogênicos, interação entre fatores ambientais e a hipoperfusão vascular sejam possíveis causas. O prognóstico depende da severidade do defeito espinhal e das anomalias associadas, em casos severos são associados geralmente com problemas cardíacos, renais e respiratórios, que são responsáveis por morte neonatal adiantada. As crianças sobreviventes geralmente possuem função mental normal. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever e apresentar as características buco-dentais, clínicas e comportamentais de um paciente com SRC assistido no Centro de Assistência Odontológica a Excepcionais, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba, SP, Brasil

The caudal regression syndrome (CRS) is a rare malformation that had been reported at first for Bernard Duhamel in 1960 as a spectrum of congenital malformations that consists of anomalies of the rest of the urinary and genital systems, and of the lumbosacral spine of the lower extremities. Nowadays it is characterized by anorectal and genital system anomalies, and incomplete development of the sacrum. Maternal diabetes, genetic predisposition, teratogenics, environmental factors interaction and vascular hypoperfusion are considered to be probably the causes. The prognostic depends on the severity of the spinal defect and the associated anomalies, in severe cases are generally associated with heart, renal and pulmonary problems that cause advanced neonatal death. Children that survive generally have normal mental functions. The aim of this study was to describe and present the dental, clinical and behavioral characteristics of a patient with CRS that was assisted in Center of Deontological Assistance to Patients with Special Needs, in Deontology School of Araçatuba, São Paulo state, Brazil