Galactocele: tumor mamario en un varón prepuberal / Galactocele: unilateral breast enlargement in prepubertal male

Introducción: Las enfermedades mamarias en niños y adolescentes de uno y otro sexo son poco frecuentes. Entre los tumores mamarios benignos, el galactocele es de rara aparición en la infancia y se caracteriza por la acumulación de fluido lechoso en una lesión quística mamaria. Caso clínico: Niño de 4 años de edad, previamente sano, que presenta una masa retromamaria izquierda indolora. La ecografía muestra una lesión quística que es extirpada con diagnóstico anatomopatológico de galactocele. Conclusiones: El galactocele debe considerarse una posible causa de tumor mamario benigno en la infancia. El diagnóstico anatomopatológico es clave y su exéresis resulta curativa. Finalmente, se precisan más estudios acerca de su etiología y fisiopatogenia, aún no esclarecidas (AU)

Introduction: Breast diseases in children and adolescents of both sexes are rare. Galactocele is an uncommon benign breast lesion in infants and children and is characterized by the accumulation of milky fluid in a mammary cystic lesion.Clinical case: 4 years previously healthy male presented with left breast enlargement. Ultrasound showed cystic lesion which was excised with the diagnosis of galactocele. Conclusions: Galactocele should be considered as a possible cause of benign breast tumors in infants. The microscopic examination is the key for the diagnosis and excision is curative. Finally, further investigations about its etiology and pathogenesis are necessary (AU)

[New diagnostic and surgical approach to Mirizzi syndrome]. / Nuevas posibilidades diagnósticas y terapéuticas en el síndrome de Mirizzi.

Mirizzi's syndrome is an unusual complication of gallstone disease, in which a stone impacting in the neck of the gallbladder (Hartmann s pouch) compresses the common bile duct. This mechanical obstruction leads to obstructive jaundice frequently followed by inflammatory changes and several complications. We present two patients affected by Mirizzi's syndrome whose diagnosis was correct in the preoperative period and approached by laparoscopy. A case was converted to open procedure due to adhesions in the Calot's triangle, and therefore, treated with subtotal cholecystectomy and choledochorrhaphy over a T tube. In the other case the laparoscopy access became successful. Both postoperative courses were uneventful. In this article, suitable diagnostic techniques are analyzed. On the other hand, we discuss what is the best therapeutic option, with a special attention to the relevance of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and laparoscopic approach in the management of those patients.

Nuevas posibilidades diagnósticas y terapéuticas en el síndrome de Mirizzi / New diagnostic and surgical approach to Mirizzi syndrome

El síndrome de Mirizzi es una variante poco frecuente de colelitiasis en la que un cálculo impactado en la bolsa de Hartmann comprime la vía biliar desencadenando una ictericia obstructiva, frecuentemente seguida de fenómenos inflamatorios y de diversas complicaciones (colecistitis, colangitis, fístulas etc). Presentamos dos pacientes con síndrome de Mirizzi, correctamente diagnosticados en el preoperatorio e intervenidos por vía laparoscópica. Un caso fue convertido por adherencias en el triángulo de Calot y tratado con colecistectomía subtotal y coledocorrafia sobre tubo en T de Kher. En el otro enfermo se pudo completar con éxito el procedimiento. Ambos postoperatorios cursaron con normalidad. En el presente artículo, se analizan las técnicas diagnósticas que ayudan a una identificación precoz del síndrome y se discuten las opciones terapéuticas más adecuadas en el momento actual, prestando una especial atención al papel de la colangiopancreatografía endoscópica y del abordaje laparoscópico en el manejo de estos pacientes

Mirizzi’s syndrome is an unusual complication of gallstone disease, in which a stone impacting in the neck of the gallbladder (Hartmann’s pouch) compresses the common bile duct. This mechanical obstruction leads to obstructive jaundice frequently followed by inflammatory changes and several complications. We present two patients affected by Mirizzi’s syndrome whose diagnosis was correct in the preoperative period and approached by laparoscopy. A case was converted to open procedure due to adhesions in the Calot’s triangle, and therefore, treated with subtotal cholecystectomy and choledochorrhaphy over a T tube. In the other case the laparoscopy access became successful. Both postoperative courses were uneventful. In this article, suitable diagnostic techniques are analyzed. On the other hand, we discuss what is the best therapeutic option, with especial attention to the relevance of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and laparoscopic approach in the management of those patients