Movement and health beyond care, MoviS: study protocol for a randomized clinical trial on nutrition and exercise educational programs for breast cancer survivors.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common invasive cancer in women, and exercise can significantly improve the outcomes of BC survivors. MoviS (Movement and Health Beyond Care) is a randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the potential health benefits of exercise and proper nutritional habits. This study aims to assess the efficacy of aerobic exercise training in improving quality of life (QoL) and health-related factors in high-risk BC. METHODS: One hundred seventy-two BC survivor women, aged 30-70 years, non-metastatic, stage 0-III, non-physically active, 6-12 months post-surgery, and post chemo- or radiotherapy, will be recruited in this study. Women will be randomly allocated to the intervention arm (lifestyle recommendations and MoviS Training) or control arm (lifestyle recommendations). The MoviS training consists of 12 weeks of aerobic exercise training (2 days/week of supervised and 1 day/week of unsupervised exercise) with a progressive increase in exercise intensity (40-70% of heart rate reserve) and duration (20-60 min). Both arms will receive counseling on healthy lifestyle habits (nutrition and exercise) based on the World Cancer Research Fund International (WCRF) 2018 guidelines. The primary outcome is the improvement of the QoL. The secondary outcomes are improvement of health-related parameters such as Mediterranean diet adherence, physical activity level, flexibility, muscular fitness, fatigue, cardiorespiratory fitness (estimated maximal oxygen uptake), echocardiographic parameters, heart rate variability (average of the standard deviations of all 5 min normal to normal intervals (ASDNN/5 min) and 24 h very low and low frequency), and metabolic, endocrine, and inflammatory serum biomarkers (glycemia, insulin resistance, progesterone, testosterone, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein). DISCUSSION: This trial aims to evaluate if supervised exercise may improve QoL and health-related factors of BC survivors with a high risk of recurrence. Findings from this project could provide knowledge improvement in the field of exercise oncology through the participation of a multidisciplinary team that will provide a coordinated program of cancer care to improve healthcare quality, improve prognosis, increase survival times and QoL, and reduce the risk of BC recurrence. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov  NCT04818359 . Retrospectively registered on March 26, 2021.

The Refraction Assessment and the Electronic Trial Frame Measurement during Standing or Sitting Position Can Affect Postural Stability.

Vision has been shown to influence body posture. The purpose of this study is to investigate the correlations between visual acuity and body postural control both in a standing and seated position. This cohort study included 37 patients examined using Adaptica's (Italy) Kaleidos and VisionFit. Objective refraction was measured with Kaleidos both in a standing and seated position by the same operator and in the same environmental conditions. The parameters obtained with the device were binocular refraction, monocular refraction, pupil distance, pupil size, head tilt, gaze, phorias, and tropias. The results obtained were then subjectively tested using VisionFit: an electronic trial frame with phoropter functionalities. The study's outcome revealed that the differences in the visual acuity parameters obtained in standing and seated positions were statistically significant; the Student's t-test showed a p-value < 0.001 in all parameter averages. Automated refraction is widely being performed and postural control can affect the visual acuity parameters; therefore, it is relevant to consider the possibility of measuring in orthostatism. It might be appropriate to take into account the possibility of measuring in orthostatism and wearing trial frames in orthostatic conditions as well as walking freely around the room, looking outside of a window, sitting, and reading.

Peer-victimization during physical education and enjoyment of physical activity.

This study examined the relations between peer-victimization during sport practice and physical activity enjoyment. 395 students (219 boys, 176 girls) from a middle school, ages 12 to 13 years (M = 12.2), were surveyed. Few correlations between peer-victimization during sport practice and physical activity enjoyment variables were negative. Linear regression analysis was also conducted, highlighting a subtle influence of peer-victimization during practice of sports on enjoyment of physical activity. Peer-victimization during practice of sports seems to be a poor predictor of low enjoyment of physical activity.

Effects of a single session of physical exercise on body state image / Efectos de una sección de ejercicios físicos en la imagen corporal / Efeitos de uma sessão de exercícios físicos na imagem corporal

Despite the fact that athletes and physically active persons are generally more satisfied with their bodies than sedentary people, physical activity seems to exert both negative and positive influences on body image. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a single session of exercise in state body image modification. In particular, we observed if a single session of sport or fitness activity could have a positive influence on state body image, considered as an episodic, evaluative and affective perception of the own physical appearance. Results showed an increase of the mean state body image rate (assessed with the Body Image States Scales, BISS) after a one-hour session of sport or fitness activities in a sample of 295 individuals. Intensity and fun seemed to be key-factors in state body image enhancement. These findings could have significant implications in the treatment of BI disturbances and in their prevention.

Aunque atletas y personas físicamente activas estén generalmente más satisfechos con sus cuerpos, cuando comparados a individuos sedentarios, la actividad física parece ser responsable por influenciar de manera positiva así como negativa el imagen corporal. El objetivo del estudio fue investigar el efecto de una sección de ejercicios en la modificación de la imagen corporal. En especifico, observamos si una sección de practica deportiva o de actividad en un gimnasio podría ejercer influencia positiva en la imagen corporal - vista como una percepción puntual, evaluadora y efectiva en respecto de la propria apariencia. Los resultados muestran un incremento de la auto-imagen corporal (según la Escala de Estados de la Imagen Corporal, BISS) después de una hora de actividad en un gimnasio o de practica deportiva en una amuestra compuesta por 295 sujetos. Intensidad y divertimiento asociados a las actividades parecen haber sido factores claves para la elevación de los escores relacionados a la imagen corporal. Los resultados de la investigación pueden ofrecer importantes insumos para el tratamiento y prevención de los disturbios de la auto-imagen.

Em que pese o fato de que atletas e pessoas fisicamente ativas estarem geralmente mais satisfeitos com seu corpo que indivíduos sedentários, a atividade física parece ser responsável por influências tanto positivas quanto negativas em relação à imagem corporal. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o efeito de uma sessão de exercícios na modificação da imagem corporal. Especificamente, observamos se uma sessão de prática esportiva ou de atividade em academia poderia exercer influência positiva na imagem corporal, considerada como uma percepção episódica, avaliativa e afetiva a respeito da própria aparência. Os resultados mostram um incremento da autoimagem corporal (segundo a Escala de Estados de Imagem Corporal, BISS) depois de uma hora de atividade em academia ou prática esportiva em uma amostra composta por 295 sujeitos. Intensidade e divertimento associados às atividades foram, ao que parece, fatores-chave para a elevação de escores em relação à imagem corporal. Os resultados da pesquisa podem oferecer importantes implicações para o tratamento e prevenção de distúrbio de autoimagem.