Social value framing of physical activity in European Member State policies: a content analysis.

Background: Engagement in physical activity (PA) benefits physical and mental health as well as many other areas of society. In Europe however, 1/3 adults do not meet minimum PA recommendations. Social value, and its quantification through social return on investment (SROI) evidence, may be a useful framing to enhance PA promotion. This study aimed to assess the current use of social value framing of PA in European Union (EU) policies. Methods: Content analysis of 45 EU member state policies which contain reference to PA was conducted to evaluate the presence of five social value domains and SROI evidence. Data was analysed using manual inductive coding, supported by DeepL translation and NVivo tools. Results: Social value framing was present to a certain extent in existing policies, with improved health being the most commonly referenced benefit of PA, followed by reference to social and community and then environmental benefits. Acknowledgement of the positive impacts of PA on wellbeing and education was the least present. Reference to SROI evidence was also limited. Generally, policies lacked holistic recognition of the social value of PA. Policies from the health sector were particularly limited in recognising the wider benefits of PA, whilst those from the environmental sector acknowledged the widest range of co-benefits. Conclusion: Adopting social value framing could be a useful approach for enhancing PA promotion. Whilst it is present to a certain extent in existing policy, this could be increased in terms of comprehensiveness to increase issue salience and multisectoral policy action.

Consensus on a social return on investment model of physical activity and sport: a Delphi study protocol.

Background: Physical activity and sport (PAS) have been related to many health outcomes and social benefits. The main aim of this research is to build a Social Return on Investment (SROI) model of PAS based on experts' opinion to clarify the domains of impact and how to measure and value them. Methods and analysis: A Delphi method will be employed with a systematic review on the SROI framework applied to PAS and initial interviews with experts informing the design of the Delphi survey statements. Three iterative rounds of communication with the expert panel will be carried out. Participants will indicate their level of agreement with each statement on a five-point Likert scale. During the second and third iterative rounds, experts will reappraise the statements and will be provided with a summary of the group responses from the panel. A statement will have reached consensus if ≥70% of the panel agree/strongly agree or disagree/strongly disagree after round 3. Finally, group meetings (3-4 experts) will be conducted to ask about the measurement and valuation methods for each domain. Discussion: The final goal of this project will result in the design of a toolkit for organizations, professionals, and policymakers on how to measure the social benefits of PAS.

Social determinants of health for moderate and severe periodontal disease in rural and urban populations.

OBJECTIVE: We assessed the prevalence of moderate and severe periodontitis and its association with social determinants of health in rural and urban population from the State of Chiapas, in Southern Mexico. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted in 2013 comprising people 20 years and older. The determinants were categorized as proximal (age, sex, indigenous origin, diabetes, smoking, diet), intermediate (level of schooling, occupation, medical and dental care), and structural (type of institution of health care provision, residence area). Periodontal status was assessed using the Periodontal Screening and Recording (PSR) Index. RESULTS: In total, 467 persons (72.4% women; mean age 43.0 years [s.d 14.7]) participated. Of them, 76.5% lived in rural areas and 56.7% were of indigenous origin. Participants with moderate and severe periodontitis had a significantly lower toothbrushing frequency (44.1% and 44.8%, respectively), and poorer oral hygiene (90% and 90.3%, respectively) compared with people without periodontitis (29.4% for toothbrushing frequency and 74.5% for oral hygiene). Moderate periodontitis was associated with poor oral hygiene (OR=2.63) and no schooling (OR=1.86). Severe periodontitis was associated with age (OR=1.05), poor oral hygiene (OR=3.99), no schooling (OR=2.08), and the interaction term of rural area and indigenous origin (RM=5.23). CONCLUSIONS: Social determinants of health play an important role in the development of periodontitis. Preventive oral health programs should thus focus on the specific social, economic, and geographical context of the population.

[Translated article] Pericapsular nerves block (PENG) is an effective and safe alternative for postoperative pain management after primary total hip arthroplasty: A randomised clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Postoperative pain after total hip arthroplasty can affect postoperative rehabilitation and delay hospital discharge. The objective of this study is to compare pericapsular nerves group (PENG) block with pericapsular infiltration (PAI) and plexus nerve block (PNB) for postoperative pain management, response to physical therapy, opioid consumption, and length of hospital stay after a primary total hip arthroplasty. METHODS: Randomised clinical trial of parallel and blinded groups was performed. Sixty patients who underwent elective THA between December 2018 and July 2020 were randomised into the different groups (PENG, PAI and PNB). The visual analogue scale was used to assess pain; and motor function was measured with the Bromage scale. We also record opioid usage, length of hospital stay, and related medical complications. RESULTS: Pain level at discharge was similar in all groups. Hospital stay was 1 day shorter in the PENG group (p<0.001) and they also had lower opioid consumption (p=0.044). Optimal motor recovery was similar in the groups (p=0.678). Pain control when performing physical therapy was better in the PENG group (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: PENG block is an effective and safe alternative for patients undergoing THA as it reduces opioid consumption and hospital stay compared to other analgesic methods.

Pericapsular nerves block (PENG) is an effective and safe alternative for postoperative pain management after primary total hip arthroplasty: A randomized clinical trial. / El bloqueo de nervios pericapsulares (PENG) es una alternativa efectiva y segura para el manejo del dolor postoperatorio después de una artroplastia total de cadera primaria: ensayo clínico aleatorizado.

BACKGROUND: Postoperative pain after total hip arthroplasty can affect postoperative rehabilitation and delay hospital discharge. The objective of this study is to compare pericapsular nerves group (PENG) block with pericapsular infiltration (PAI) and plexus nerve block (PNB) for postoperative pain management, response to physical therapy, opioid consumption, and length of hospital stay after a primary total hip arthroplasty. METHODS: Randomized clinical trial of parallel and blinded groups was performed. Sixty patients who underwent elective THA between December 2018 and July 2020 were randomized into the different groups (PENG, PAI and PNB). The visual analog scale was used to assess pain; and motor function was measured with the Bromage scale. We also record opioid usage, length of hospital stay, and related medical complications. RESULTS: Pain level at discharge was similar in all groups. Hospital stay was 1 day shorter in the PENG group (p<0.001) and they also had lower opioid consumption (p=0.044). Optimal motor recovery was similar in the groups (p=0.678). Pain control when performing physical therapy was better in the PENG group (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: PENG block is an effective and safe alternative for patients undergoing THA as it reduces opioid consumption and hospital stay compared to other analgesic methods.

Reacciones Adversas durante el tratamiento de Ortodoncia: Incidencia e Impacto en España / Adverse reactions during orthodontic treatment: Incidence and impact in Spain

Introducción: Las reacciones alérgicas preocupan cada vez más a los profesionales sanitarios en todos los ámbitos debido al incremento de la susceptibilidad de la población a múltiples alérgenos. Se estima que entre 10 y 30% de los ortodoncistas en España han sido testigos de reacciones adversas asociadas a aparatos ortodónticos, adhesivos y otros materiales. Objetivo: Estimar el número de reacciones alérgicas que se producen en la práctica clínica ortodóncica en España y determinar la necesidad de utilizar dispositivos sin níquel en las consultas de ortodoncia en el momento actual. Métodos: Se encuestó a una muestra de 100 ortodoncistas (23 en formato papel y 77 online) para cuantificar retrospectivamente el número de pacientes que habían sufrido reacciones adversas en sus consultas y describir dichas reacciones frente a los aparatos y otros materiales utilizados. Resultados: El 21% de los encuestados refirió haber observado entre sus pacientes alguna reacción alérgica intraoral o extraoral en relación con aparatos ortodónticos y otros materiales. En la mita de los casos, la reacción se presentó como eritema u otros síntomas localizados en la mucosa oral y/o en los labios. Conclusiones: Una quinta parte de los ortodoncistas admiten haber tenido en su práctica clínica al menos un paciente con una reacción alérgica intraoral o extraoral causada por algún aparato de ortodoncia en los últimos 5 años (AU)

Introduction: Allergic reactions are of increasing concern to healthcare professionals in all settings due to the already increasing susceptibility of the population to multiple allergens. It is estimated that between 10 and 30% of orthodontists in Spain have witnessed adverse reactions associated with orthodontic appliances and adhesive materials. Objective: To estimate the number of allergic reactions that occur in orthodontic linical practice in Spain and to determine the need to use nickel-free devices in orthodontic practices at the present time. Methods: A sample of 100 orthodontists was interviewed (23 in paper format and 77 online) to retrospectively quantify the number of patients who had suffered adverse reactions in their practices and to describe these reactions to the appliances used. Results: 21% of the respondents reported having observed an intraoral or extraoral allergic reaction to orthodontic appliances among their patients. In half of the cases the reaction presented as erythema or other symptoms located on the oral mucosa and/or lips. Conclusions: One-fifth of orthodontists admit to having had at least one patient with an intraoral or extraoral allergic reaction caused by any orthodontic appliance in the last 5 years (AU)

Comprende el medicamento/descubre al farmacéutico. Resultados preliminares 2021 y 2022 en Galicia. Experiencia de los farmacéuticos comunitarios / Understand the medicine/discover the pharmacist. Preliminary results 2021 and 2022 in Galicia. Experience of community pharmacists

OBJETIVOS: evaluar la diferencia de aprendizaje de las nociones básicas del uso adecuado del medicamento entre los estudiantes de los cursos 1º bachillerato, 4º y 3º ESO. Evaluar el grado de satisfacción con la actividad educativa de estudiantes y docentes. Conocer la percepción de los farmacéuticos comunitarios (FC) sobre el desarrollo del proyecto.MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: estudio observacional descriptivo, transversal, prospectivo, multicéntrico, centrado en una muestra de estudiantes de 1º bachillerato, 4º y 3º ESO de las cuatro provincias gallegas durante 2021/2022. Se realizaron formaciones específicas a los FC que impartieron las intervenciones educativas (IE) informándoles sobre el proyecto y proporcionándoles la documentación, con la finalidad de conseguir intervenciones lo más homogéneas posibles en todas las provincias. La actividad fue impartida por uno o dos FC en dos sesiones, tras las cuales, los estudiantes resolvieron cinco ejercicios en la plataforma del proyecto. En la segunda, además rellenaron una encuesta de satisfacción. Al docente se pasó la encuesta de satisfacción vía email.RESULTADOS/DISCUSIÓN: a fecha 11/03/2022, participaron 28 centros, 13 A Coruña, 1 Lugo, 6 Orense y 8 Pontevedra. Participaron 1.633 estudiantes, 653_1ºbach, 963_4ºESO y 17_3ºESO. Colaboraron 52 FC impartiendo la IE en 58 aulas, 22_1º bach, 34_4ºESO y 2_3ºESO. El porcentaje medio de aciertos en los ejercicios resultó 52,81% (DE:15.11). Por cursos, 1ºbach_58,92%(DE:14.80), 4ºESO_49,14%(DE:14.13) y 3ºESO_41,80%(DE:13.29). En cuanto a la satisfacción con la actividad educativa, el 90,8% de los estudiantes la consideró interesante/muy interesante y el 92,3% de los docentes se mostró satisfecho/muy satisfecho. (AU)

[ACNES syndrome, exploring the abdominal wall as source of abdominal pain]. / Síndrome de ACNES, explorando la pared abdominal como noxa del dolor abdominal.

Abdominal wall pain, specifically ACNES syndrome (Anterior Cutaneous Nerve Entrapment Syn drome), is part of the differential diagnosis of chronic abdominal pain. This syndrome is frequently overlooked and therefore underdiagnosed. OBJECTIVES: To describe the clinical and evolutionary cha racteristics of patients diagnosed with ACNES and to draw attention to this pathology. PATIENTS AND METHOD: A retrospective descriptive study was carried out in a reference center, between October 2016 and July 2021, in patients under 17 years of age, diagnosed with ACNES, who met at least two of four of the following findings: Carnett's sign, Pinch test, dysesthesia at the point of maximum pain, improvement after infiltration of local anesthetic, having ruled out visceral or functional abdo minal pathology. Epidemiological variables, symptoms, physical examination, complementary tests, treatment, and evolution data were collected. Descriptive statistics were used. RESULTS: 20 patients diagnosed with ACNES, 75% women, median age 12.85 years. The abdominal examination revea led Carnett's sign in 95%, Pinch test sign in 65%, and dysesthesia in 90% of patients. 65% reported pseudovisceral symptoms. 7 patients were overweight or obese. The most frequent location (50%) was the right iliac fossa, at T10-T11 level. One patient reported spontaneous improvement; 7 impro ved with oral analgesia; 9 patients were referred to the pain unit, of which 5 attended, and improved with anesthetic infiltration with bupivacaine-triamcinolone. The remaining 4 were lost to follow-up. CONCLUSION: ACNES should be considered in patients with chronic pain. A combination of typical findings in medical history and physical examination allows its diagnosis, therefore, avoiding unne cessary complementary tests. A step-up treatment strategy should be applied, beginning with oral analgesia, followed by anesthetic infiltration, and, finally, anterior neurectomy.

Lipoatrofia semicircular: estudio y seguimiento clínico de 76 casos en Madrid, España. Propuesta de clasificación / Lipoatrophia semicircularis: Clinical study and follow-up of 76 cases in Madrid, Spain. Classification proposal

Introducción: La lipoatrofia semicircular (LS) puede tener presentaciones clínicas variadas, sin criterios diagnósticos claros. Se han propuesto varios factores etiopatogénicos, incluyendo determinados ambientes laborales. En este manuscrito se pretende describir las características de un brote de casos sospechosos de LS que se inició en mayo de 2008 entre trabajadores del Ayuntamiento de Madrid. Con base en la experiencia acumulada, se describen las acciones realizadas por el Servicio de Salud Laboral y se proponen unos criterios clínicos con implicación pronóstica que permitan categorizar los casos. Material y método: Estudio observacional retrospectivo tipo serie de casos que incluye datos recogidos de forma prospectiva de los pacientes revisados en el Servicio de ITS/Dermatología del Ayuntamiento Madrid entre 2008 y 2021. Se lleva a cabo la descripción de las medidas realizadas desde Salud Laboral. A través del registro y análisis estadístico de las variables recogidas durante la evaluación clínica de los pacientes, se proponen unos patrones clínicos definidos. Resultados: Se estudiaron 75 mujeres y un hombre, seguidas en su mayoría durante un período con mediana de 37 meses. Los síntomas locales fueron poco frecuentes (14,5%). Se propone la clasificación de las pacientes en 4 grupos: LS típica, LS unilateral, lipoatrofia en banda en miembros inferiores y lipoatrofia inespecífica. Al comparar los 2 primeros grupos con los 2 últimos, pudo constatarse una evolución clínica más favorable (76 versus 25,8% de mejoría total o parcial de las lesiones), además de una asociación negativa con la presencia de hipertrofia del tejido subcutáneo (p<0,001). Discusión: La LS típica (que puede ser frecuentemente unilateral) tiene por lo general una evolución favorable y unas características definidas que permiten diferenciarla de otros cuadros de lipoatrofia. Las medidas descritas realizadas por el Servicio de Salud Laboral contribuyeron a dicha evolución (AU)

Introduction: The clinical presentations of Lipoatrophia semicircularis (LS) vary, and diagnostic criteria are unclear. Several etiopathogenic factors, including occupational environmental ones, have been suggested. We aimed to describe a cluster of cases of suspected LS that started to appear in May 2008 among employees of the city council of Madrid, Spain. We report the actions taken by the council's Occupational Health Service and propose clinical categories with prognostic implications. Material and method: Retrospective observational case series study including prospectively collected data from patients evaluated between 2008 and 2021 at the Madrid City Council STI/Dermatology Department. Information on measures taken by the Occupational Health Service is detailed. The recording of clinical variables for statistical analysis and the proposal of defined clinical patterns were carried out. Results: We studied the cases of 75 women and one man, most of whom attended follow-up visits for a median of 37 months. Local symptoms were observed in just 14.5% of patients. The cases were classified into 4 groups: typical LS, unilateral LS, band-like lipoatrophy in the lower limbs, and nonspecific LS. Clinical outcomes were more often favorable in the first 2 groups, in which 76% of patients achieved total or partial improvement of lesions (vs. 25.8% in the last 2 groups). LS was negatively associated with the presence of hypertrophic subcutaneous adipose tissue (P<.001). Discussion: Typical LS, which can often be unilateral, generally has a satisfactory outcome. The clinical characteristics of this form distinguish it from other types of lipoatrophy. Measures taken by the Occupational Health Service contributed to favorable outcomes. In this series, LS was not associated with marked subcutaneous adipose tissue hypertrophy in the thighs (AU)

[Translated article] Lipoatrophia semicircularis: Clinical study and follow-up of 76 cases in Madrid, Spain. Classification proposal / Lipoatrofia semicircular: estudio y seguimiento clínico de 76 casos en Madrid, España. Propuesta de clasificación

Introducción: La lipoatrofia semicircular (LS) puede tener presentaciones clínicas variadas, sin criterios diagnósticos claros. Se han propuesto varios factores etiopatogénicos, incluyendo determinados ambientes laborales. En este manuscrito se pretende describir las características de un brote de casos sospechosos de LS que se inició en mayo de 2008 entre trabajadores del Ayuntamiento de Madrid. Con base en la experiencia acumulada, se describen las acciones realizadas por el Servicio de Salud Laboral y se proponen unos criterios clínicos con implicación pronóstica que permitan categorizar los casos. Material y método: Estudio observacional retrospectivo tipo serie de casos que incluye datos recogidos de forma prospectiva de los pacientes revisados en el Servicio de ITS/Dermatología del Ayuntamiento Madrid entre 2008 y 2021. Se lleva a cabo la descripción de las medidas realizadas desde Salud Laboral. A través del registro y análisis estadístico de las variables recogidas durante la evaluación clínica de los pacientes, se proponen unos patrones clínicos definidos. Resultados: Se estudiaron 75 mujeres y un hombre, seguidas en su mayoría durante un período con mediana de 37 meses. Los síntomas locales fueron poco frecuentes (14,5%). Se propone la clasificación de las pacientes en 4 grupos: LS típica, LS unilateral, lipoatrofia en banda en miembros inferiores y lipoatrofia inespecífica. Al comparar los 2 primeros grupos con los 2 últimos, pudo constatarse una evolución clínica más favorable (76 versus 25,8% de mejoría total o parcial de las lesiones), además de una asociación negativa con la presencia de hipertrofia del tejido subcutáneo (p<0,001). Discusión: La LS típica (que puede ser frecuentemente unilateral) tiene por lo general una evolución favorable y unas características definidas que permiten diferenciarla de otros cuadros de lipoatrofia. Las medidas descritas realizadas por el Servicio de Salud Laboral contribuyeron a dicha evolución (AU)

Introduction: The clinical presentations of Lipoatrophia semicircularis (LS) vary, and diagnostic criteria are unclear. Several etiopathogenic factors, including occupational environmental ones, have been suggested. We aimed to describe a cluster of cases of suspected LS that started to appear in May 2008 among employees of the city council of Madrid, Spain. We report the actions taken by the council's Occupational Health Service and propose clinical categories with prognostic implications. Material and method: Retrospective observational case series study including prospectively collected data from patients evaluated between 2008 and 2021 at the Madrid City Council STI/Dermatology Department. Information on measures taken by the Occupational Health Service is detailed. The recording of clinical variables for statistical analysis and the proposal of defined clinical patterns were carried out. Results: We studied the cases of 75 women and one man, most of whom attended follow-up visits for a median of 37 months. Local symptoms were observed in just 14.5% of patients. The cases were classified into 4 groups: typical LS, unilateral LS, band-like lipoatrophy in the lower limbs, and nonspecific LS. Clinical outcomes were more often favorable in the first 2 groups, in which 76% of patients achieved total or partial improvement of lesions (vs. 25.8% in the last 2 groups). LS was negatively associated with the presence of hypertrophic subcutaneous adipose tissue (P<.001). Discussion: Typical LS, which can often be unilateral, generally has a satisfactory outcome. The clinical characteristics of this form distinguish it from other types of lipoatrophy. Measures taken by the Occupational Health Service contributed to favorable outcomes. In this series, LS was not associated with marked subcutaneous adipose tissue hypertrophy in the thighs (AU)

Lipoatrophia semicircularis: Clinical study and follow-up of 76 cases in Madrid, Spain. Classification proposal. / Lipoatrofia semicircular: estudio y seguimiento clínico de 76 casos en Madrid, España. Propuesta de clasificación.

INTRODUCTION: The clinical presentations of Lipoatrophia semicircularis (LS) vary, and diagnostic criteria are unclear. Several etiopathogenic factors, including occupational environmental ones, have been suggested. We aimed to describe a cluster of cases of suspected LS that started to appear in May 2008 among employees of the city council of Madrid, Spain. We report the actions taken by the council's Occupational Health Service and propose clinical categories with prognostic implications. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Retrospective observational case series study including prospectively collected data from patients evaluated between 2008 and 2021 at the Madrid City Council STI/Dermatology Department. Information on measures taken by the Occupational Health Service is detailed. The recording of clinical variables for statistical analysis and the proposal of defined clinical patterns were carried out. RESULTS: We studied the cases of 75 women and one man, most of whom attended follow-up visits for a median of 37 months. Local symptoms were observed in just 14.5% of patients. The cases were classified into 4 groups: typical LS, unilateral LS, band-like lipoatrophy in the lower limbs, and nonspecific LS. Clinical outcomes were more often favorable in the first 2 groups, in which 76% of patients achieved total or partial improvement of lesions (vs. 25.8% in the last 2 groups). LS was negatively associated with the presence of hypertrophic subcutaneous adipose tissue (P<.001). DISCUSSION: Typical LS, which can often be unilateral, generally has a satisfactory outcome. The clinical characteristics of this form distinguish it from other types of lipoatrophy. Measures taken by the Occupational Health Service contributed to favorable outcomes. In this series, LS was not associated with marked subcutaneous adipose tissue hypertrophy in the thighs. Our proposed categories may help distinguish between cases of LS with a favorable prognosis and other cases presenting with skin surface depressions, which are often persistent.

Adherence to treatment guidelines in clinical practice for using electroconvulsive therapy in major depressive episode.

BACKGROUND: ECT is the most effective treatment of major depressive episode (MDE) but remains a neglected treatment. The French Society for Biological Psychiatry and Neuropsychopharmacology aimed to determine whether prescribing practice of ECT followed guidelines recommendations. METHODS: This multicenter, retrospective study included adult patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) or bipolar disorder (BD), who have been treated with ECT for MDE. Duration of MDE and number of lines of treatment received before ECT were collected. The reasons for using ECT, specifically first-line indications (suicidality, urgency, presence of catatonic and psychotic features, previous ECT response, patient preference) were recorded. Statistical comparisons between groups used standard statistical tests. RESULTS: Seven hundred and forty-five individuals were included. The mean duration of MDE before ECT was 10.1 months and the mean number of lines of treatment before ECT was 3.4. It was significantly longer for MDD single episode than recurrent MDD and BD. The presence of first-line indications for using ECT was significantly associated to shorter duration of MDE (9.1 vs 13.1 months, p<0.001) and lower number of lines of treatment before ECT (3.3 vs 4.1, p<0.001). LIMITATIONS: This is a retrospective study and not all facilities practicing ECT participated that could limit the extrapolation of the results. CONCLUSION: Compared to guidelines, ECT was not used as first-line strategy in clinical practice. The presence of first-line indications seemed to reduce the delay before ECT initiation. The improvements of knowledge and access of ECT are needed to decrease the gap between guidelines and clinical practice.

Clinical guidelines for the management of treatment-resistant depression: French recommendations from experts, the French Association for Biological Psychiatry and Neuropsychopharmacology and the fondation FondaMental.

BACKGROUND: Clear guidance for successive antidepressant pharmacological treatments for non-responders in major depression is not well established. METHOD: Based on the RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method, the French Association for Biological Psychiatry and Neuropsychopharmacology and the fondation FondaMental developed expert consensus guidelines for the management of treatment-resistant depression. The expert guidelines combine scientific evidence and expert clinicians' opinions to produce recommendations for treatment-resistant depression. A written survey comprising 118 questions related to highly-detailed clinical presentations was completed on a risk-benefit scale ranging from 0 to 9 by 36 psychiatrist experts in the field of major depression and its treatments. Key-recommendations are provided by the scientific committee after data analysis and interpretation of the results of the survey. RESULTS: The scope of these guidelines encompasses the assessment of pharmacological resistance and situations at risk of resistance, as well as the pharmacological and psychological strategies in major depression. CONCLUSION: The expert consensus guidelines will contribute to facilitate treatment decisions for clinicians involved in the daily assessment and management of treatment-resistant depression across a number of common and complex clinical situations.

Clinical guidelines for the management of depression with specific comorbid psychiatric conditions French recommendations from experts (the French Association for Biological Psychiatry and Neuropsychopharmacology and the fondation FondaMental).

BACKGROUND: Recommendations for pharmacological treatments of major depression with specific comorbid psychiatric conditions are lacking. METHOD: The French Association for Biological Psychiatry and Neuropsychopharmacology and the fondation FondaMental developed expert consensus guidelines for the management of depression based on the RAND/UCLA Appropriatneness Method. Recommendations for lines of treatment are provided by the scientific committee after data analysis and interpretation of the results of a survey of 36 psychiatrist experts in the field of major depression and its treatments. RESULTS: The expert guidelines combine scientific evidence and expert clinician's opinion to produce recommendations for major depression with comorbid anxiety disorders, personality disorders or substance use disorders and in geriatric depression. CONCLUSION: These guidelines provide direction addressing common clinical dilemmas that arise in the pharmacologic treatment of major depression with comorbid psychiatric conditions.

[French Society for Biological Psychiatry and Neuropsychopharmacology and Fondation FondaMental task force: Formal Consensus for the management of treatment-resistant depression]. / Prise en charge des troubles dépressifs résistants : recommandations françaises formalisées par des experts de l'AFPBN et de la fondation FondaMental.

Major depression represents among the most frequent psychiatric disorders in the general population with an estimated lifetime prevalence of 16-17%. It is characterized by high levels of comorbidities with other psychiatric conditions or somatic diseases as well as a recurrent or chronic course in 50 to 80% of the cases leading to negative repercussions on the daily functioning, with an impaired quality of life, and to severe direct/indirect costs. Large cohort studies have supported that failure of a first-line antidepressant treatment is observed in more than 60% of patients. In this case, several treatment strategies have been proposed by classical evidence-based guidelines from internationally recognized scientific societies, referring primarily on: I) the switch to another antidepressant of the same or different class; II) the combination with another antidepressant of complementary pharmacological profile; III) the addition of a wide range of pharmacological agents intending to potentiate the therapeutic effects of the ongoing antidepressant medication; IV) the association with appropriate psychological therapies; and, V) the use of non-invasive brain stimulation techniques. However, although based on the most recently available data and rigorous methodology, standard guidelines have the significant disadvantage of not covering a large variety of clinical conditions, while currently observed in everyday clinical practice. From these considerations, formalized recommendations by a large panel of French experts in the management of depressed patients have been developed under the shared sponsorship of the French Association of Biological Psychiatry and Neuropsychopharmacology (AFPBN) and the Fondation FondaMental. These French recommendations are presented in this special issue in order to provide relevant information about the treatment choices to make, depending particularly on the clinical response to previous treatment lines or the complexity of clinical situations (clinical features, specific populations, psychiatric comorbidities, etc.). Thus, the present approach will be especially helpful for the clinicians enabling to substantially facilitate and guide their clinical decision when confronted to difficult-to-treat forms of major depression in the daily clinical practice. This will be expected to significantly improve the poor prognosis of the treatment-resistant depression thereby lowering the clinical, functional and costly impact owing directly to the disease.

IGF-1 deficiency causes atrophic changes associated with upregulation of VGluT1 and downregulation of MEF2 transcription factors in the mouse cochlear nuclei.

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is a neurotrophic protein that plays a crucial role in modulating neuronal function and synaptic plasticity in the adult brain. Mice lacking the Igf1 gene exhibit profound deafness and multiple anomalies in the inner ear and spiral ganglion. An issue that remains unknown is whether, in addition to these peripheral abnormalities, IGF-1 deficiency also results in structural changes along the central auditory pathway that may contribute to an imbalance between excitation and inhibition, which might be reflected in abnormal auditory brainstem responses (ABR). To assess such a possibility, we evaluated the morphological and physiological alterations in the cochlear nucleus complex of the adult mouse. The expression and distribution of the vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGluT1) and the vesicular inhibitory transporter (VGAT), which were used as specific markers for labeling excitatory and inhibitory terminals, and the involvement of the activity-dependent myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) transcription factors in regulating excitatory synapses were assessed in a 4-month-old mouse model of IGF-1 deficiency and neurosensorial deafness (Igf1 (-/-) homozygous null mice). The results demonstrate decreases in the cochlear nucleus area and cell size along with cell loss in the cochlear nuclei of the deficient mouse. Additionally, our results demonstrate that there is upregulation of VGluT1, but not VGAT, immunostaining and downregulation of MEF2 transcription factors together with increased wave II amplitude in the ABR recording. Our observations provide evidence of an abnormal neuronal cytoarchitecture in the cochlear nuclei of Igf1 (-/-) null mice and suggest that the increased efficacy of glutamatergic synapses might be mediated by MEF2 transcription factors.

Risk factors for treatment resistance in unipolar depression: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Treatment resistant depression is a complex disorder and an important source of morbidity and mortality. Identification of risk factors of resistance may be useful to improve early recognition as well as treatment selection and prediction of outcome in patients with depression. METHODS: The aim of this paper was to review the current status of knowledge regarding risk factors of treatment resistance in unipolar depression, in patients who failed to respond to at least two successive and adequate antidepressant treatments. RESULTS: Systematic literature search yielded 8 publications exploring clinical and biological factors. Specific psychiatric comorbidities, psychosocial factors, clinical characteristics of the depressive episode and biological markers emerge as possible risk factor for treatment resistant depression. LIMITATIONS: Due to the lack of objective definition and diagnostic criteria for treatment resistant depression, and the paucity of reports on risk factors, our review only summarized a small number of studies. CONCLUSION: Future investigations of risk factors should help to improve the understanding of the mechanisms underlying resistance in mood disorders and contribute to improve their therapeutic management.

Epiduroscopia (interventional endoscopy spinal surgery). Procedimiento endoscópico quirúrgico espinal / Epiduroscopy (IESS). Interventional endoscopy spinal surgery

No disponible

Are hip hemiarthroplasty and total hip arthroplasty infections different entities? The importance of hip fractures.

Hip hemiarthroplasty (HHA) and total hip arthroplasty (THA) infections are usually considered as one entity; however, they may show important differences. We analyze these differences, as well as predictors of treatment failure (TF) and poor functional status among patients with prosthetic hip infections (PHIs). A multicenter cohort study of consecutive patients with PHIs was performed. The main outcome variable was TF after the first surgical treatment performed to treat the infection. Multivariate analysis was used to identify predictors of TF. A total of 127 patients with PHI were included (43 HHA, 84 THA). Patients with HHA infections were more frequently women (88% vs. 54%; p < 0.001), had comorbidities (86% vs. 67%, p = 0.02), and were older (median age 79 vs. 65 years, p < 0.001), and the reason for arthroplasty was more frequently a fracture (100% vs. 18%, p < 0.001). Failure of initial treatment and crude mortality were more frequent among HHA patients (44% vs. 23%, p = 0.01 and 28% vs. 7%, p = 0.001, respectively). However, HHA was not associated with TF in the multivariate analysis when hip fracture was considered; thus, variables independently associated with TF were hip fracture, inadequate surgical management, prosthesis retention, and higher C-reactive protein level. Failure of the first surgical treatment was associated with poorer functional status. HHA and THA infections showed significant differences in epidemiology, clinical features, and outcome. Although patients with HHA infections had a higher risk of TF, this was related to the reason for hip implant: a hip fracture. Success of the initial management of infection is a predictor of better clinical and functional outcome.