Enfermedad obstructiva del intestino delgado en el paciente geriátrico: diagnóstico diferencial / Obstructive disease of small bowell disease in the eldery: differential diagnosis

La enfermedad obstructiva del intestino delgado en el paciente mayor, es una entidad frecuente, pero debido a los efectos del envejecimiento y las enfermedades asociadas, el cuadro clínico generalmente es confuso y el diagnóstico diferencial difícil, en consecuencia, se debe tener un mayor índice de sospecha que en los pacientes jóvenes. Se presenta a un paciente varón de 77 años de edad, que consultó por un cuadro de suboclusión intestinal, secundario a una estenosis inflamatoria del íleon terminal. Se realizó resección de la lesión y el estudio histológico de la pieza quirúrgica resultó ser una enfermedad de Crohn. No se consideró necesario tratamiento complementario y el paciente está libre de enfermedad seis meses después. Motivados por este caso clínico, los autores intentamos describir, los diversos procesos implicados en el diagnóstico diferencial, de la enfermedad obstructiva del intestino delgado en el paciente mayor e incluimos una puesta al día de los nuevos métodos diagnósticos

Obstructive disease of the small bowel in the elderly patient is a frequent entity, but due to the effect of aging and the associated diseases, the clinical picture generally is confusing and differential diagnosis is very difficult, inconsequence physicians caring for elderly patients must have a high index of suspicion for the same gastrointestinal diseases that afflict young adults. We present a 77year-old male that showed a clinical picture of an incomplete bowel obstruction secondary to inflammatory stricture of the terminal ileum. We performed a surgical resection of the affected ileum and the histological study of the surgical piece was compatible with Crohn´s disease. We did not consider necessary a complementary treatment and the patient is free of disease six months later. The authors attempt to describe the multiple disorders implicated in the differential diagnosis of the obstructive disease of the small bowel in the elderly patient, including an update on the newer methods of diagnosis

Perianal Bowen's disease: a clinicopathologic study of 47 patients.

PURPOSE: Perianal Bowen's disease is an uncommon squamous-cell carcinoma in situ usually treated by surgical excision. There are controversies concerning surgical margin extent, because the disease is likely to recur in nonexcised skin areas of the anal and perianal skin. The aims of this study were 1) to determine the recurrence rate after different surgical treatments and 2) to determine if molecular markers might have a prognostic role in perianal Bowen's disease. METHOD: Retrospective chart review from 1972 to 1993 of 47 patients with perianal Bowen's disease was undertaken. Follow-up was obtained by office visits and/or phone questionnaire. Immunohistochemical analysis for p53 protein and Ki-67 nuclear antigen was conducted on fixed tissue specimens. RESULTS: Twenty-six patients were treated by wide local excision with microscopic clearance of resection margins, 15 by local excision with only macroscopic clearance of resection margins, 5 by CO2 laser vaporization, and 1 by abdominoperineal resection because of fecal incontinence. Median follow-up for the entire population was 104 (range, 16-273) months. The incidence of local recurrence was 23.1 percent (6/26) after wide local excision, 53.3 percent (8/15) after local excision, and 80 percent (4/5) after CO2-laser vaporization. Recurrence rate estimated by Kaplan-Meier analysis is statistically different (P = 0.002) between radically treated patients (wide local excision/abdominoperineal resection; n = 27) and patients undergoing conservative treatment (local excision/laser vaporization; n = 20). Among patients with recurrence, the median time until recurrence was 38.5 (range, 3-89) months and 41.5 (range, 4-111) months after conservative and radical treatment, respectively. Nine of 20 (45 percent) patients in the conservative group and none of the 27 patients in the radical group had multiple episodes of recurrence (P < 0.001). In addition, 3 of 20 and 0 of 27 patients in the respective groups developed an invasive cancer (P = 0.034). Positive staining for p53 protein was observed in 12 (33.3 percent) of the 36 tissue specimens available for immunohistochemical analysis. Recurrence occurred in 9 of 24 (37.5 percent) patients negative for p53 and in 6 of 12 (50 percent) patients with positive p53 expression (P = not significant). Ki-67 antigen-graded expression from 1+ to 4+ did not reveal any correlation with incidence of recurrence. Recurrence rate did not differ by p53 and Ki-67 results, either in the overall group of 36 patients or stratified by surgical treatment groups. CONCLUSION: Wide local excision for perianal Bowen's disease leads to a significantly lower recurrence rate than local excision or laser therapy. Follow-up longer than five years is recommended because of the risk of late recurrence. p53 protein and Ki-67 antigen immunohistologic expression may not have a prognostic role in perianal Bowen's disease.

Long-term outcome of patients with perianal Paget's disease.

BACKGROUND: Perianal Paget's disease (PPD) is a rare intraepithelial adenocarcinoma with a significant rate of recurrence after treatment and high risk of progression to an invasive cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fourteen patients with a mean follow-up longer than 5 years were studied to determine the outcome after surgical treatment. The immunohistochemical accumulation of p53 protein also was assessed in tissue specimens to evaluate its prognostic role in patients with PPD. RESULTS: Four patients were excluded because of progression to invasive malignancy at the time of diagnosis. Two patients underwent local excision (LE) with macroscopic clearance of the surgical margins; the remaining eight patients underwent wide local excision (WLE), i.e., > 1 cm microscopic clearance of the surgical margins. The actuarial 8-year recurrence rate for patients treated with LE and WLE was 100% and 50% (SE = 17.7), respectively. Progression to invasive carcinoma occurred after a median time of 56 months (range 23-72) in two patients treated with LE and in one of eight patients treated with WLE. All four patients with recurrence after WLE were successfully treated (no further recurrence) with a second WLE. Actuarial 8-year survival was 0% in the LE group and 40% (SE = 21.9) in the WLE group. There was no p53 protein accumulation in any of the ten patients with PPD. CONCLUSIONS: Survival of patients with PPD treated by WLE was higher than that for those treated with LE. Thus, wide local excision is recommended over limited local excision as a preferred treatment for PPD. Follow-up longer than 5 years seems to be indicated because of the risk of late progression to invasive cancer. When PPD does recur, a second WLE may be curative. The absence of accumulated p53 protein suggests that this marker may not have a prognostic role in PPD.