Evaluación del riesgo suicida en niños: propiedades psicométricas de la versión en castellano del Cuestionario de Riesgo Suicida (RSQ) / Evaluation of suicide risk in children: psychometric properties of the Spanish versión of the Risk of Suicide Questionnaire (RSQ)

Introducción. El Cuestionario de Riesgo Suicida (Risk of Suicide Questionnaire, RSQ) es una herramienta de autoaplicación útil para evaluar el riesgo suicida en niños. Objetivo. El presente estudio quiere determinar la validez y fiabilidad de su versión en español en población infantil mexicana.Método. Se llevó a cabo la traducción y adaptación al español del RSQ y se aplicó a estudiantes mexicanos de quinto y sexto grado de primaria de ambos sexos, cuyos padres aceptaron que participaran en el estudio, junto con los Inventarios de Depresión (BDI) y la Escala de Desesperanza de Beck (EDB). Los padres de los niños que mostraron riesgo suicida fueron invitados a que acudieran con el menor a una cita subsiguiente de evaluación y tratamiento gratuitos en el Instituto Jalisciense de Salud Mental. Se eliminó el ítem 9 del BDI por ser idéntico a uno del RSQ para análisis de correlación correspondiente.Resultados. Participaron un total de 88 estudiantes, con una edad promedio de 11,23 +/- 0,78 años, 55,7 % de los cuales eran hombres. La puntuaciones promedio en las escalas fueron: RSQ: 8,3 +/- 9,05; depresión: 7,4 +/- 6,7, y desesperanza: 18 +/- 3,3. El índice de consistencia interna del RSQ fue 0,68. Los coeficientes de correlación intraclase entre las puntuaciones totales del RSQ y los inventarios BDI y desesperanza fueron: 0,74 y 0,52, respectivamente. Sólo uno de los 56 menores que mostraron riesgo suicida fue llevado por sus padres para el seguimiento que se les ofreció.Conclusiones. La versión en español del RSQ demostró validez y confiabilidad aceptables en estudiantes mexicanos

Introduction. Risk of Suicide Questionnaire (RSQ) is a useful self-administered tool to assess suicide risk among children.Objetive. The aim of this study was to translate RSQ into Spanish and determine its validity and reliability among Mexican children.Method. After a culturally sensitive RSQ items translation, all fifth and sixth grade elementary school students of both genders, from a private educational Institution in Guadalajara (Mexico) whose parents gave informed consent to participate, completed the RSQ Spanish version and the Beck’s Depression and Hopelessness Inventories. The parents of the children who had a suicide risk were contacted and invited to come with their child to a subsequent appointment for evaluation and free treatment in the Jalisciense Mental Health Institute. For correlation analysis, item number 9 related to suicide was eliminated.Results. A total sample of 88 students participated. Their mean age was 11.23 +/- 0.78 years old, and 55.7 % were male. Mean total scales were as follows: RSQ: 8.3 +/- 9.05; depression: 7.4 +/- 6.7, and hopelessness: 18 +/- 3.3. Cronbach’s alpha for RSQ was 0.68. Intra class coefficients correlations between RSQ and depression and hopelessness inventories were 0.74 and 0.52, respectively. Only one of the 56 minors considered to have a certain suicide risk (n=56) came to a professional evaluation with their parents.Conclusions. The Spanish version of the RSQ showed adequate validity and reliability in Mexican students

Evaluation of suicide risk in children: psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Risk of Suicide Questionnaire (RSQ).

INTRODUCTION: Risk of Suicide Questionnaire (RSQ) is a useful self-administered tool to assess suicide risk among children. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to translate RSQ into Spanish and determine its validity and reliability among Mexican children. METHOD: After a culturally sensitive RSQ items translation, all fifth and sixth grade elementary school students of both genders, from a private educational Institution in Guadalajara (Mexico) whose parents gave informed consent to participate, completed the RSQ Spanish version and the Beck's Depression and Hopelessness Inventories. The parents of the children who had a suicide risk were contacted and invited to come with their child to a subsequent appointment for evaluation and free treatment in the Jalisciense Mental Health Institute. For correlation analysis, item number 9 related to suicide was eliminated. RESULTS: A total sample of 88 students participated. Their mean age was 11.23 +- 0.78 years old, and 55.7 % were male. Mean total scales were as follows: RSQ: 8.3 +- 9.05; depression: 7.4 +- 6.7, and hopelessness: 18 +- 3.3. Cronbach's alpha for RSQ was 0.68. Intra class coefficients correlations between RSQ and depression and hopelessness inventories were 0.74 and 0.52, respectively. Only one of the 56 minors considered to have a certain suicide risk (n=56) came to a professional evaluation with their parents. CONCLUSIONS: The Spanish version of the RSQ showed adequate validity and reliability in Mexican students.

[Beliefs About Voices Questionnaire (BAVQ): Spanish translation and psychometric properties]. / Estudio de traducción al español y propiedades psicométricas del cuestionario de creencias acerca de las voces (BAVQ).

INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study was to translate into Spanish and to determine the inner reliability and consistency of the Beliefs About Voices Questionnaire (BAVQ) in a sample of Mexican patients diagnosed of schizophrenia and/or schizoaffective disorder under the DSM-IV criteria. METHOD: In order to do this, a diagnosis confirmation based on the semistructured interview format SCID was applied. The Spanish version of the BAVQ and Beck's anxiety and depression inventories were also implemented with a total of 55 persons, including males and females between 18 and 65 years old consecutively referred by the Mental Health Care Centers belonging to Mental Health Institute of Jalisco which forms a part of the governmental Health Care System in Mexico. RESULTS: The inner consistency indicators from the Spanish version ranged from 0.74 to 0.88, similar to those reported in the original version reviewed. The total score in the Malevolence and Resistance subscales were positively correlated and were statistically significant with depressive symptoms evaluated with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) (r = 0.29, p = 0.04; r = .35, p = 0.01, respectively), as well as the "omnipotence" subscale with the presence of anxiety symptoms according to the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) (r = 0.35; p = 0.01). The factorial structure was similar to that reported for the original version of the instrument reviewed. CONCLUSIONS: The Spanish version of the BAVQ is a valid and reliable instrument to evaluate beliefs about identity, power, purpose, and consequences of obeying auditory hallucinations or "voices" in the Spanish speaking population.

Estudio de traducción al español y propiedades psicométricas del cuestionario de creencias acerca de las voces (BAVQ) / Beliefs About Voices Questionnaire (BAVQ): Spanish translation and psychometric properties

Introducción. El objetivo del presente estudio fue traducir al español y determinar la consistencia interna y validez de constructo del Cuestionario de creencias acerca de las voces (BAVQ) en una muestra de pacientes mexicanos con diagnóstico de esquizofrenia o trastorno esquizo-afectivo de acuerdo a los criterios del DSM-IV. Método. Para ello se confirmó el diagnóstico con base en la entrevista semiestructurada SCID y se aplicó la versión en español del BAVQ y los inventarios de ansiedad y depresión de Beck a un total de 55 personas de ambos sexos y entre 18 y 65 años, referidas de forma consecutiva por los Centros de Atención Integral en Salud Mental del Instituto Jalisciense de Salud Mental, Secretaría de Salud, Jalisco. Resultados. Los índices de consistencia interna de la versión en español fueron de 0,74 a 0,88 y resultaron similares a los reportados para la versión original revisada. El total de las subescalas de malevolencia y resistencia se correlacionaron de forma positiva y estadísticamente significativa con la sintomatología depresiva evaluada con el Inventario de Depresión de Beck (BDI) (r = 0,29, p = 0,04; r = 0,35, p = 0,01, respectivamente), al igual que la "omnipotencia" con la presencia de sintomatología ansiosa según el Inventario de Ansiedad de Beck (BAI) (r = 0,35; p = 0,01), y la estructura factorial fue similar a la reportada para la versión original y revisada del instrumento. Conclusiones. La versión en castellano del BAVQ es un instrumento válido y fiable para evaluar las creencias acerca de la identidad, poder, propósito y consecuencias por obedecer de las alucinaciones auditivas o "voces" en población de habla hispana (AU)

[Assessment of drug attitudes in patients with schizophrenia: psychometric properties of the DAI Spanish version]. / Evaluación de actitudes al medicamento en pacientes con esquizofrenia: propiedades psicométricas de la versión en español del DAI.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of the present study was to translate into Spanish and evaluate interrater reliability, internal consistency, and convergent validity with the Insight Treatment Questionnaire (ITAQ) and Buchanan's compliance measure, and their relation with sociodemographic and clinical variables of the Spanish version of the Drug Attitudes Inventory (DAI). METHODS: The sample was made up of 80 patients diagnosed of schizophrenia, between 15 and 65 years old, of both genders, who voluntarily accepted to participate in the study and were informed and whose clinical conditions made the evaluation possible. Convergent validity with ITAQ was calculated in a subsample of 60 subjects and interrater reliability was evaluated in 20 cases. RESULTS: The men and all those who received concomitant treatment with anxiolytic and/or antidepressants obtained a higher score on the DAI. Interrater reliability coefficient was 0.61 (p<0.001), and Chronbach's alpha=0.57. Correlation between DAI and ITAQ was r=0.476, p<0.01, and patients with poor compliance according to Buchanan's classification obtained less score in DAI than those with medium and high treatment compliance. CONCLUSIONS: The Spanish version of the DAI demonstrated convergent validity and moderate reliability to evaluate treatment compliance in a Mexican sample of schizophrenic patients.

Evaluación de actitudes al medicamento en pacientes con esquizofrenia: propiedades psicométricas de la versión en español del DAI / Assesment of drug attitudes in patients with schizophrenia: psychometric properties of the DAI Spanih version

Introducción. El presente trabajo tuvo por objetivo traducir al español el Inventario de Actitudes al Medicamento (Drug Attitudes Inventory: DAI), determinar su confiabilidad interevaluadora, consistencia interna, validez convergente con el Cuestionario de Introspección y Actitudes al Tratamiento (ITAQ), y con la clasificación de adherencia de Buchanan, así como su relación con diversas variables sociodemográficas y clínicas. Métodos. La muestra se conformó con 80 pacientes con diagnóstico de esquizofrenia, de 15 a 65 años de edad, de ambos sexos, que aceptaron de forma voluntaria e informada participar en el proyecto, y cuyas condiciones clínicas permitieron la cumplimentación de los cuestionarios. Una submuestra de 60 pacientes fue utilizada para determinar la validez convergente entre la versión en español del DAI y el ITAQ; y basándose en una submuestra de 20 se calculó su confiabilidad interevaluador. Resultados. Los hombres y todos los usurarios que recibían tratamiento concomitante con ansiolítico o antidepresivo presentaron mayor puntuación DAI. El índice de confiabilidad interevaluadoresfue de 0, 61 (p < 0, 001), y el de consistencia interna de 0,57. La correlación entre DAI e ITAQ fue r = 0,476, p < 0, 01, y los pacientes con bajo apego a tratamiento de acuerdo a Buchanan obtuvieron una menor puntuación DAI, en comparación con aquellos con media y alta adherencia a tratamiento. Conclusiones. La versión en español del DAI mostró validez convergente y moderada confiabilidad para evaluar las actitudes a la medicación de una muestra de pacientes mexicanos con esquizofrenia (AU)

Clinical experience with electroconvulsive therapy at the Instituto Mexicano de Psiquiatría.

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a useful option for the treatment of certain psychiatric illnesses. Its efficacy and few side effects make it an important therapeutic alternative in the management of the patient with major depression. This study describes the clinical experience with ECT at the Instituto Mexicano de Psiquiatría. We retrospectively evaluated the clinical records of patients treated with ECT during the period of April 1990 to June 1994. A total of 55 patients were included in the analysis, the mean age was 42.4 +/- 17.2 years old. Diagnostic categories treated were major depression (43.6%), non-affective psychotic disorders (30.9%), mania (12.7%) and other diagnoses (12.7%). A positive response to ECT was found in 74.5% of patients. Subjects with major depression and mania responded significantly better than the rest of the patients (p < 0.01). Psychotic depression was not a predictor of better response. Only 18.1% of subjects had minor complications, all transitory. ECT is a highly effective therapeutic option in the treatment of psychiatric illness, especially in major depression and mania. The use of ECT in a tertiary psychiatric unit in Mexico reflects similar results as described in the international literature.