A qualitative metasummary of detransition experiences with recommendations for psychological support.

Objective: The main goal of this article is to identify areas of psychotherapeutic work with detransitioners, that is, individuals who stop or reverse a gender transition, given the scarcity of information and resources. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and metasummary of qualitative data published until April 2023. Data were extracted, grouped, and refined to conform meta-findings. Results: The database search yielded 845 records, of which 15 comprising 2689 people who detransitioned were included in the review. A total of 582 findings were extracted, resulting in 34 meta-findings with frequencies ≥ 15 %. Two main thematic areas with several subthemes were identified. The theme "Gender transition" included "Perspectives" and "Emotions." The theme "Gender detransition" included "Driving factors," "Challenges" (a. Social and emotional difficulties, b. Lack of support and understanding, c. Negative healthcare experiences, d. Detransphobia, and e. Identity concerns), "Needs," "Growth and evolution," and "Identity and future." Based on these meta-findings, we advance broad recommendations for supporting detransitioners in their various emotional, social, and identity needs. Conclusions: Detransitioners are diverse in their experiences and perspectives and face significant challenges. Emotional validation with a focus on personal strengths and meanings, treatment of concurrent psychological issues, development of social networks, and support of identity exploration are key aspects of psychotherapeutic work with this population.

Gender detransition: A critical review of the literature.

Gender detransition is the act of stopping or reversing the social, medical, and/or administrative changes achieved during a gender transition process. It is an emerging phenomenon of significant clinical and social interest.

Destransición de género: Una revisión crítica de la literatura / Gender detransition: a critical review of the literature

Introducción. La destransición de género es el acto de detenero revertir los cambios sociales, médicos y/o administrativos conseguidos durante un proceso de transición de género. Se trata de un fenómeno emergente de gran interés a nivel clínico y social. Método. Se condujo una búsqueda sistemática en siete bases de datos entre 2010 y 2022, se rastrearon manualmente las referencias de los artículos y se consultaron libros especializados. Se realizó un análisis cuantitativo y de contenido. Resultados. Se incluyeron 138 registros, 37% correspondientes a estudios empíricos y 38,4% publicados en 2021. Se identifican al menos ocho términos para hacer referencia a la destransición, con diferencias en sus definiciones. La prevalencia difiere en función del criterio utilizado, siendo menor para la destransición/arrepentimiento (0-13,1%) que para la descontinuación de la asistencia/tratamiento médico (1,9%-29,8%),y menor para la destransición/arrepentimiento tras cirugía (0-2,4%) que para la destransición/arrepentimiento tras tratamiento hormonal (0-9,8%). Se describen más de 50 factores psicológicos, médicos y socioculturales que influyen en la decisión de destransicionar, así como 16 factores predictores/asociados a la destransición. No se encuentran guías de abordaje sanitario ni legislativo. Los debates actuales se centran en los interrogantes sobre la naturaleza de la disforia de género y el desarrollo de la identidad, el papel de los profesionales con respecto al acceso a los tratamientos médicos y el impacto de las destransiciones sobre la futura accesibilidad a dichos tratamientos. Conclusiones. La destransición de género es una realidad compleja, heterogénea, poco estudiada y escasamente comprendida. Se requiere un abordaje y estudio sistemático que permita comprender su prevalencia real, implicaciones y manejo a nivel sanitario. (AU)

Introduction. Gender detransition is the act of stoppingor reversing the social, medical, and/or administrative changesachieved during a gender transition process. It is an emergingphenomenon of significant clinical and social interest.Methods. We systematically searched seven databasesbetween 2010 and 2022, manually traced article references,and consulted specialized books. Quantitative and contentanalyses were carried out.Results. We included 138 registers, 37% of which were empirical studies and 38.4% of which were published in 2021. Atleast eight terms related to detransition were identified, withdifferences in their definitions. Prevalence estimates differ according to the criteria used, being lower for detransition/regret (0-13.1%) than for discontinuation of care/medical treatment (1.9%-29.8%), and for detransition/regret after surgery(0-2.4%) than for detransition/regret after hormonal treatment (0-9.8%). More than 50 psychological, medical, and sociocultural factors influencing the decision to detransition and16 predictors/associated factors are described. No health orlegal guidelines are found. Current debates focus on the nature of gender dysphoria and identity development, the role ofprofessionals in accessing medical treatments, and the impactof detransition on future access to these treatments.Conclusions. Gender detransition is a complex, heterogeneous, under-researched, and poorly understood reality. Asystematic study and approach to the topic is needed to understand its prevalence, implications, and management from a healthcare perspective. (AU)

Empirically supported affirmative psychological interventions for transgender and non-binary youth and adults: A systematic review.

Research suggests that transgender and non-binary (TGNB) individuals experience lower levels of psychological well-being than the general population. Although practice recommendations and guidelines exist, there is a paucity of studies evaluating the effects of psychological interventions on this group. This systematic review aimed to synthesize and analyze existing empirical affirmative psychological interventions for TGNB individuals to assess their efficacy. Eight databases (PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Scopus, LILACS, Cochrane, ProQuest, Google Scholar) were searched from January 2010 to June 2022 to identify relevant studies. Included studies needed to be randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental, or uncontrolled pre-post. Twenty-two articles were included, of which eight had TGNB participants only, two had mixed samples with separated outcome data for TGNB participants, and 12 had mixed samples with no disaggregated data. Experimental designs, participant samples, assessed variables, and type of interventions varied widely across studies, thus preventing comparisons. Overall results suggest improvements in psychological distress, depression, anxiety, suicidality, substance-related risk behaviors, coping skills/emotion regulation, stress appraisal, self-esteem, self-acceptance, social support, minority stress, resilience, hope, positive identity, and identity acceptance, although conclusions are limited by moderate-to-high risk of bias. Future research should implement more consistent and rigorous methodological designs to assess and compare intervention efficacy.

Relaciones de la socialización con inteligencia, autoconcepto y otros rasgos de la personalidad en niños de 6 años / No disponible

Este estudio, en primer lugar, analiza las relaciones de la conducta social con iguales en contextos educativos con una serie de variables del desarrollo, tales como madurez intelectual, autoconcepto y otras dimensiones de la personalidad infantil. En segundo lugar el trabajo identifica variables predictoras de la adaptación social del niño en dicho ámbito. La muestra se encuentra constituida por 135 niños de 6 años, 59 varones y 76 mujeres, de nivel socioeconómico y cultural medio, procedentes de cinco centros públicos y privados. La evaluación incluye 4 instrumentos que permiten medir diversos aspectos positivos y negativos de la conducta social con los iguales (BAS-1), inteligencia verbal y no verbal (BADYG), autoconcepto (PAI), y otras 13 dimensiones de la personalidad infantil, tales como estabilidad emocional, excitabilidad, dominancia, sensibilidad... (ESPQ). Los análisis correlacionales (Pearson) evidencian que los sujetos con buena adaptación social muestran puntuaciones significativamente altas en madurez intelectual global, verbal y no verbal, elevados niveles de autoconcepto, y tienden significativamente a caracterizarse por ser emocionalmente estables, perseverantes y respetuosos con las normas, poco excitables, confiados y seguros de sí mismos, tranquilos y relajados. El análisis de regresión múltiple permite identificar como variables predictoras de buena adaptación social alta inteligencia no verbal y un carácter tranquilo y relajado (AU)

The main aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between social behaviour in the classroom with other developmental variables such as intelligence, self-concept and other traits of child personality. In addition, it also attempts to identify predictive variables of children’s social adaptation in scholar settings. The sample consists of 135 6-year-old subjects, 59 male and 76 female, proceeding from fi ve public and private schools. The variables evaluated with the 4 administered instruments are: positive and negative social behaviours with peers (BAS-1), verbal and non-verbal intelligence (BADYG), self-concept (PAI), and other 13 traits of child personality such as emotional stability, excitability, ascendancy, sensitivity… (ESPQ). Results of correlational analyses (Pearson) suggest that well adapted children have significant high levels of overall intelligence, verbal and non-verbal intelligence, and self-concept. Moreover, they show a significant tendency towards emotional stability, perseverance and subjection to the rules, low excitability, self-confidence, calm and relax. Multiple regression analyses allow to identify as predicting variables of good social adaptation high level of non-verbal intelligence and a calm and relaxed temperament (AU)

Efectos de la participación en el programa de arte Ikertze sobre la creatividad verbal y gráfica / Participation effects in Ikertze art program about the verbal and graphic creativity

El estudio tuvo por objetivo evaluar el impacto de un programa de arte realizado con niños de 6-7 años en la creatividad verbal, gráfico-figurativa y en la conducta social con iguales en el aula. Se empleó un diseño experimental con medidas pretest-postest y grupos de control. La muestra se constituyó con 135 sujetos de 1er curso de Educación Primaria, 89 experimentales y 46 de control. La intervención se compone de 21 sesiones de 90 minutos de duración, en las que se trabajan tres lenguajes artísticos: visual, sonoro-musical y dramático. Antes y después de la intervención se administraron el TAEC, el BVTPC y la BAS1 para medir la creatividad y la conducta social. Los resultados de los MANCOVAs de las diferencias postestpretest sugieren que el programa mejoró significativamente la creatividad verbal (fluidez, flexibilidad, originalidad), la creatividad gráfica (coeficiente de fluidez), y la conducta social (liderazgo, jovialidad, respeto-autocontrol, adaptación social). (AU)