Relationship between anxiety, quality of life, and sociodemographic characteristics and temporomandibular disorder.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between anxiety, quality of life (QL), and sociodemographic aspects and temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) and to assess the predisposition to TMDs in patients with low QL and anxiety. STUDY DESIGN: In total, 120 patients (60 TMD/60 non-TMD) were screened to assess QL (World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version [WHOQOL]); anxiety (Beck Anxiety Inventory [BAI]; the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory[STAI-S and -T]; the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS]); and TMD (Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders-RDC/TMD). Pearson's χ2 test, the Student t test, odds ratio (OR) analysis, and nonconditional logistic regression analysis were performed. RESULTS: Among patients with TMD, 60% were women (P = .002), 65.1% were single (P = .009), and 71.4% were employed (P = .008). Most of the anxious individuals had TMD, according to HADS, 75% (P < .001); STAI-S, 55.6% (P = .035); STAI-T, 54.9% (P = .011); and BAI, 63.9% (P = .002). WHOQOL showed higher QL for non-TMD participants (P < .001). Sociodemographic data showed an association with TMD: gender (OR = 3.5), professional status (OR = 3.3), and marital status (OR = 2.8). WHOQOL presented higher association strength (OR = 9.2), followed by HADS (OR = 5.0). CONCLUSIONS: A relationship exists between sociodemographic aspects, anxiety, and QL and TMD. Patients with TMD have higher anxiety levels and lower QL, and this can interfere with treatment, reinforcing the need for therapies that consider the various factors of the disorder.

Avaliação de um novo índice anamnésico para o diagnóstico da disfunção temporomandibular / Evaluation of a new anamnestic index for the diagnosis of temporomandibular disorder

Introdução: A Disfunção Temporomandibular (DTM) consiste em uma condição complexa, que possui etiologia multifatorial e apresenta uma sintomatologia variada, além de uma certa dificuldade no seu diagnóstico. Objetivo: O estudo tem como objetivo comparar os diagnósticos de um novo índice anamnésico para a DTM (NIA/DTM), elaborado e baseado por um protocolo clínico, e ainda avaliar a sua sensibilidade e especificidade. Métodos: O presente estudo consiste na avaliação de um novo índice anamnésico diagnóstico, composto por 12 itens acerca de sinais e sintomas da DTM, baseado no Critério Diagnóstico para Disfunção Temporomandibular (The Diagnostic Criteria For Temporomandibular Disorders - DC/TMD) ­ considerado padrão-ouro para o diagnóstico na DTM. A amostra do estudo foi composta por 50 indivíduos em situação de espera pelo atendimento no setor de DTM e Dor Orofacial do Departamento de Odontologia da UFRN, Natal ­ RN. Os instrumentos utilizados foram aplicados por um único examinador previamente treinado. Os dados foram organizados e analisados pelo programa SPSS, através do Qui-quadrado e Kappa para sensibilidade e especificidade, considerando como nível de significância 5%. Resultados: Os dados analisados demonstraram que o novo instrumento diagnóstico para a DTM obteve uma boa concordância com o DC/TMD e sensibilidade, mas pouco específico. Conclusão: Pôde-se concluir que o novo índice anamnésico para o diagnóstico da DTM (NIA/DTM), de fácil e prática aplicação clínica, demonstrou boa concordância com o padrão ouro em diagnóstico para a DTM (DC/TMD) em relação às classificações diagnósticas de mialgia e artralgia, evidenciando a necessidade de aperfeiçoamento do instrumento com enfoque diferenciado para as demais alterações (AU).

Introduction: Temporomandibular Dysfunction (TMD) consists of a complex condition, which has a multifactorial etiology and presents varied symptoms, in addition to a certain difficulty in its diagnosis. Objective: The study aims to compare the diagnoses of a new anamnesic instrument for TMD (NIA/TMD), based on a clinical protocol, and to evaluate its sensitivity and specificity. Methods: The present study consists of the evaluation of a new diagnostic instrument, consisting of 12 items about TMD signs and symptoms, based on the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC / TMD) - considered standard-gold for TMD diagnosis. The study sample consisted of 50 individuals waiting for care in the TMD and Orofacial Pain sector of the Department of Dentistry at UFRN, Natal - RN. The instruments used were applied by a single examiner previously trained. The data were organized and analyzed by the SPSS program, using the Chi-square and Kappa for sensitivity and specificity, considering a significance level of 5%. Results: The analyzed data demonstrated that the new diagnostic tool for TMD obtained a good agreement with the DC / TMD and sensitivity, but little specific. Conclusion: It was concluded that the new anamnesic index for the diagnosis of TMD (NIA / TMD), which is easy and practical to apply clinically, demonstrated good agreement with the gold standard in diagnosis for TMD (DC / TMD) in relation to the classifications diagnoses of myalgia and arthralgia, highlighting the need to improve the instrument with a differentiated approach to other changes (AU).