Bacillus H47 triggers Olea europaea metabolism activating DOXP and shikimate pathways simultaneously and modifying leaf extracts' antihypertensive activity.

Improvement of plant adaptation by beneficial bacteria (PGPB) may be achieved by triggering multiple pathways to overcome the environmental stress on plant's growth cycle, activating plant's metabolism. The present work reports the differential ability of three Bacillus strains to trigger olive tree metabolism, among which, only H47 was outstanding increasing iridoid and flavonol concentration. One-year old olive seedlings grown open air, under harsh conditions of water shortage in saline soils, were root-inoculated with three Bacillus PGPB strains throughout a 12-month period after which, photosynthesis was determined; photosynthetic pigments and bioactive secondary metabolites (iridoids and flavonols) were analyzed, and a study of gene expression of both pathways involved was undertaken to unravel molecular targets involved in the activation. All three strains increased plant fitness based on photosynthetic values, increasing energy dissipation capacity to lower oxidative stress; only H47 increased CO2 fixation and transpiration. Bacillus H47 was found to trigger synthases in the DOXP pathway (up to 5-fold in DOXP-synthase, 3.5-fold in Iridoid synthase, and 2-fold in secologanin synthase) associated to a concomitant increase in iridoids (up to 5-fold in oleuropein and 2-fold in its precursor secologanin). However, despite the 2-fold increases detected in the two predominant flavonols, gene expression was not enhanced, suggesting involvement of a pulse activation model proposed for innate immunity. Furthermore, the activity of leaf extracts to inhibit Angiotensin Converting Enzyme was evaluated, to explore further uses of plant debris with higher added value. Despite the increases in iridoids, leaf extracts from H47 did not increase ACE inhibition, and still, increased antihypertensive potential in oil obtained with this strain is to be explored, as leaves are the source for these metabolites which further translocate to fruits. In summary, Bacillus H47 is an effective strain to increase plant adaptation to dry and saline environments, activates photosynthesis and secondary metabolism in olive tree.

Effects of a high-fat-diet supplemented with probiotics and ω3-fatty acids on appetite regulatory neuropeptides and neurotransmitters in a pig model.

The pig is a valuable animal model to study obesity in humans due to the physiological similarity between humans and pigs in terms of digestive and associated metabolic processes. The dietary use of vegetal protein, probiotics and omega-3 fatty acids is recommended to control weight gain and to fight obesity-associated metabolic disorders. Likewise, there are recent reports on their beneficial effects on brain functions. The hypothalamus is the central part of the brain that regulates food intake by means of the production of food intake-regulatory hypothalamic neuropeptides, as neuropeptide Y (NPY), orexin A and pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), and neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and serotonin. Other mesolimbic areas, such as the hippocampus, are also involved in the control of food intake. In this study, the effect of a high fat diet (HFD) alone or supplemented with these additives on brain neuropeptides and neurotransmitters was assessed in forty-three young pigs fed for 10 weeks with a control diet (T1), a high fat diet (HFD, T2), and HFD with vegetal protein supplemented with Bifidobacterium breve CECT8242 alone (T3) or in combination with omega-3 fatty acids (T4). A HFD provoked changes in regulatory neuropeptides and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) in the hypothalamus and alterations mostly in the dopaminergic system in the ventral hippocampus. Supplementation of the HFD with B. breve CECT8242, especially in combination with omega-3 fatty acids, was able to partially reverse the effects of HFD. Correlations between productive and neurochemical parameters supported these findings. These results confirm that pigs are an appropriate animal model alternative to rodents for the study of the effects of HFD on weight gain and obesity. Furthermore, they indicate the potential benefits of probiotics and omega-3 fatty acids on brain function.

Nutrición parenteral domiciliaria en España 2018. Informe del Grupo de Nutrición Artificial Domiciliaria y Ambulatoria NADYA / Home and Ambulatory Artificial Nutrition (NADYA) Group Report. Home parenteral nutrition in Spain, 2018

OBJETIVO: comunicar los datos de nutrición parenteral domiciliaria (NPD) obtenidos del registro del grupo NADYA-SENPE (www.nadya-senpe.com) del año 2018. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: análisis descriptivo de los datos recogidos de pacientes adultos y pediátricos con NPD en el registro NADYA-SENPE del 1 de enero al 31 de diciembre de 2018. RESULTADOS: se registraron 278 pacientes (54,7 % mujeres), 23 niños y 255 adultos, procedentes de 45 hospitales españoles, lo que representa una tasa de prevalencia de 5,95 pacientes/millón de habitantes/año 2018. El diagnóstico más frecuente en adultos fue "oncológico paliativo" (22,0 %), seguido de "otros". En niños fue la enfermedad de Hirschsprung junto con la enterocolitis necrotizante, con cuatro casos (17,4 %). El primer motivo de indicación fue síndrome de intestino corto tanto en niños (60,9 %) como en adultos (35,7 %). El tipo de catéter más utilizado fue el tunelizado tanto en niños (81,0 %) como en adultos (41,1 %). Finalizaron 75 episodios, la causa más frecuente fue el fallecimiento (52,0 %) y el paso a vía oral (33,3 %). CONCLUSIONES: el número de centros y profesionales colaboradores en el registro de pacientes que reciben NPD se mantiene estable, así como las principales indicaciones y los motivos de finalización de la NPD

AIM: to communicate home parenteral nutrition (HPN) data obtained from the HPN registry of the NADYA-SENPE group (www.nadya-senpe.com) for the year 2018. MATERIAL AND METHODS: descriptive analysis of the data collected from adult and pediatric patients with HPN in the NADYA-SENPE group registry from January 1st, 2018 to December 31st, 2018. RESULTS: there were 278 patients from 45 Spanish hospitals (54.7 % women), 23 children and 255 adults, which represent a prevalence rate of 5.95 patients/million inhabitants/year 2018. The most frequent diagnosis in adults was "palliative cancer" (22.0 %), followed by "others". In children it was Hirschsprung's disease together with necrotizing enterocolitis, with four cases (17.4 %). The first indication was short bowel syndrome in both children (60.9 %) and adults (35.7 %). The most frequently used type of catheter was tunneled in both children (81.0 %) and adults (41.1 %). Ending 75 episodes, the most frequent cause was death (52.0 %) and change to oral feeding (33.3 %). CONCLUSIONS: the number of centers and collaborating professionals in the registry of patients receiving HPN remains stable, as well as the main indications and reasons for termination of HPN

[Home and Ambulatory Artificial Nutrition (NADYA) Group Report. Home parenteral nutrition in Spain, 2018]. / Nutrición parenteral domiciliaria en España 2018. Informe del Grupo de Nutrición Artificial Domiciliaria y Ambulatoria NADYA.

INTRODUCTION: Aim: to communicate home parenteral nutrition (HPN) data obtained from the HPN registry of the NADYA-SENPE group (www.nadya-senpe.com) for the year 2018 Material and methods: descriptive analysis of the data collected from adult and pediatric patients with HPN in the NADYA-SENPE group registry from January 1st, 2018 to December 31st, 2018. Results: there were 278 patients from 45 Spanish hospitals (54.7% women), 23 children and 255 adults, which represent a prevalence rate of 5.95 patients/million inhabitants/year 2018. The most frequent diagnosis in adults was "palliative cancer" (22.0%), followed by "others". In children it was Hirschsprung's disease together with necrotizing enterocolitis, with four cases (17.4%). The first indication was short bowel syndrome in both children (60.9%) and adults (35.7%). The most frequently used type of catheter was tunneled in both children (81.0%) and adults (41.1%). Ending 75 episodes, the most frequent cause was death (52.0%) and change to oral feeding (33.3%). Conclusions: the number of centers and collaborating professionals in the registry of patients receiving HPN remains stable, as well as the main indications and reasons for termination of HPN.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Objetivo: comunicar los datos de nutrición parenteral domiciliaria (NPD) obtenidos del registro del grupo NADYA-SENPE (www.nadya-senpe.com) del año 2018. Material y métodos: análisis descriptivo de los datos recogidos de pacientes adultos y pediátricos con NPD en el registro NADYA-SENPE del 1 de enero al 31 de diciembre de 2018. Resultados: se registraron 278 pacientes (54,7% mujeres), 23 niños y 255 adultos, procedentes de 45 hospitales españoles, lo que representa una tasa de prevalencia de 5,95 pacientes/millón de habitantes/año 2018. El diagnóstico más frecuente en adultos fue "oncológico paliativo" (22,0%), seguido de "otros". En niños fue la enfermedad de Hirschsprung junto con la enterocolitis necrotizante, con cuatro casos (17,4%). El primer motivo de indicación fue síndrome de intestino corto tanto en niños (60,9%) como en adultos (35,7%). El tipo de catéter más utilizado fue el tunelizado tanto en niños (81,0%) como en adultos (41,1%). Finalizaron 75 episodios, la causa más frecuente fue el fallecimiento (52,0%) y el paso a vía oral (33,3%). Conclusiones: el número de centros y profesionales colaboradores en el registro de pacientes que reciben NPD se mantiene estable, así como las principales indicaciones y los motivos de finalización de la NPD.

[Home and Ambulatory Artificial Nutrition (NADYA) Report. Home Parenteral Nutrition in Spain, 2017]. / Nutrición parenteral domiciliaria en España 2017. Informe del Grupo de Nutrición Artificial Domiciliaria y Ambulatoria NADYA.

AIM: to communicate HPN data obtained from the HPN registry of the NADYA-SENPE group (www.nadya-senpe.com) for the year 2017. MATERIAL AND METHODS: descriptive analysis of the data collected from adult and pediatric patients with HPN in the NADYA-SENPE group registry from January 1st, 2017 to December 31st, 2017. RESULTS: there were 308 patients from 45 Spanish hospitals (54.5% women), 38 children and 270 adults, with 3,012 episodes, which represent a prevalence rate of 6.61 patients/million inhabitants/year 2017. The most frequent diagnosis in adults was "palliative cancer" (25.6%), followed by "others". In children, it was Hirschsprung's disease with six cases (15.8%). The first indication was short bowel syndrome in both children (55.3%) and adults (33.7%). The most frequently used type of catheter was tunneled in both children (73.4%) and adults (38.2%). Ending 81 episodes, the most frequent cause was death (62.9%) and transition to oral feeding (34.7%). CONCLUSIONS: the progressive increase of collaborating centers and professionals in the registry of patients receiving NPD is maintained. The main indications of HPN and the motive for ending have remained stable.

OBJETIVO: comunicar los datos de nutrición parenteral domiciliaria (NPD) obtenidos del registro del grupo NADYA-SENPE (www.nadya-senpe. com) del año 2017. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: análisis descriptivo de los datos recogidos de pacientes adultos y pediátricos con NPD en el registro NADYA-SENPE desde el 1 de enero al 31 de diciembre de 2017. RESULTADOS: se registraron 308 pacientes (54,5% mujeres), 38 niños y 270 adultos, procedentes de 45 hospitales españoles, en total 312 episodios, lo que representa una tasa de prevalencia de 6,61 pacientes/millón de habitantes/año 2017. El diagnóstico más frecuente en adultos fue "oncológico paliativo" (25,6%), seguido de "otros". En niños fue la enfermedad de Hirschsprung, con seis casos (15,8%). El primer motivo de indicación fue síndrome de intestino corto tanto en niños (55,3%) como en adultos (33,7%). El tipo de catéter más utilizado fue el tunelizado tanto en niños (74,3%) como en adultos (38,2%). Finalizaron 81 episodios; la causa más frecuente fue el fallecimiento (62,9%) y que pasaron a vía oral (34,7%). CONCLUSIONES: se mantiene el incremento progresivo de centros y profesionales colaboradores en el registro de pacientes que reciben NPD. Las principales indicaciones de NPD y de motivo de finalización se mantienen estables.

Nutrición parenteral domiciliaria en España 2017. Informe del Grupo de Nutrición Artificial Domiciliaria y Ambulatoria NADYA / Home and Ambulatory Artificial Nutrition (NADYA) Report. Home Parenteral Nutrition in Spain, 2017

Objetivo: comunicar los datos de nutrición parenteral domiciliaria (NPD) obtenidos del registro del grupo NADYA-SENPE (www.nadya-senpe.com) del año 2017. Material y métodos: análisis descriptivo de los datos recogidos de pacientes adultos y pediátricos con NPD en el registro NADYA-SENPE desde el 1 de enero al 31 de diciembre de 2017. Resultados: se registraron 308 pacientes (54,5% mujeres), 38 niños y 270 adultos, procedentes de 45 hospitales españoles, en total 312 episodios, lo que representa una tasa de prevalencia de 6,61 pacientes/millón de habitantes/año 2017. El diagnóstico más frecuente en adultos fue "oncológico paliativo" (25,6%), seguido de "otros". En niños fue la enfermedad de Hirschsprung, con seis casos (15,8%). El primer motivo de indicación fue síndrome de intestino corto tanto en niños (55,3%) como en adultos (33,7%). El tipo de catéter más utilizado fue el tunelizado tanto en niños (74,3%) como en adultos (38,2%). Finalizaron 81 episodios; la causa más frecuente fue el fallecimiento (62,9%) y que pasaron a vía oral (34,7%). Conclusiones: se mantiene el incremento progresivo de centros y profesionales colaboradores en el registro de pacientes que reciben NPD. Las principales indicaciones de NPD y de motivo de finalización se mantienen estables

Aim: to communicate HPN data obtained from the HPN registry of the NADYA-SENPE group (www.nadya-senpe.com) for the year 2017. Material and methods: descriptive analysis of the data collected from adult and pediatric patients with HPN in the NADYA-SENPE group registry from January 1st, 2017 to December 31st, 2017. Results: there were 308 patients from 45 Spanish hospitals (54.5% women), 38 children and 270 adults, with 3,012 episodes, which represent a prevalence rate of 6.61 patients/million inhabitants/year 2017. The most frequent diagnosis in adults was "palliative cancer" (25.6%), followed by "others". In children, it was Hirschsprung's disease with six cases (15.8%). The first indication was short bowel syndrome in both children (55.3%) and adults (33.7%). The most frequently used type of catheter was tunneled in both children (73.4%) and adults (38.2%). Ending 81 episodes, the most frequent cause was death (62.9%) and transition to oral feeding (34.7%). Conclusions: the progressive increase of collaborating centers and professionals in the registry of patients receiving NPD is maintained. The main indications of HPN and the motive for ending have remained stable

[Home and Ambulatory Artificial Nutrition (NADYA) Group Report - Home parenteral nutrition in Spain, 2016]. / Nutrición parenteral domiciliaria en España 2016; informe del Grupo de Nutrición Artificial Domiciliaria y Ambulatoria NADYA.

OBJECTIVE: To communicate HPN data obtained from the HPN registry of the NADYA-SENPE group (www.nadya-senpe.com) for the year 2016. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Descriptive analysis of the data collected from adult and pediatric patients with HPN in the NADYA-SENPE group registry from January 1st, 2016 to December 31st, 2016. RESULTS: There were 286 patients from 42 Spanish hospitals (54.2% women), 34 children and 252 adults, with 294 episodes, which represent a prevalence rate of 6.16 patients / million inhabitants / year 2016. The most frequent diagnosis in adults was "palliative cancer" (25.8%), followed by "others". In children it was "motility alterations" with 6 cases (17.6%), Hirschsprung's disease and necrotising enterocolitis, both with 5 children (14.7%). The first indication was short bowel syndrome in both children (64.7%) and adults (37.3%), followed by intestinal obstruction in 28.6% adults and 14.7% in children. The most frequently used type of catheter was tunnelled in both children (70.6%) and adults (37.9%). The most frequent complication in adults was infection related to the catheter, which presented a rate of 0.48 infections / 1,000 days of NPD. During this period, 71 episodes ended in adults and the main cause was death (57.7%) followed by resuming the oral route (31%). CONCLUSIONS: There is a progressive increase of centers and professional collaborators in the registry who report patients receiving parenteral nutrition at home. The main indications of HPN and the motive for ending have remained stable.

Nutrición parenteral domiciliaria en España 2016; informe del Grupo de Nutrición Artificial Domiciliaria y Ambulatoria NADYA / Home and Ambulatory Artificial Nutrition (NADYA) Group Report - Home parenteral nutrition in Spain, 2016

Objetivo: comunicar los datos de nutrición parenteral domiciliaria (NPD) obtenidos del registro del Grupo de Nutrición Artificial Domiciliaria y Ambulatoria (NADYA-SENPE; www.nadya-senpe.com) del año 2016. Material y métodos: análisis descriptivo de los datos recogidos de pacientes adultos y pediátricos con NPD en el registro NADYA-SENPE desde el 1 de enero al 31 de diciembre de 2016. Resultados: se registraron 286 pacientes (54,2% mujeres), 34 niños y 252 adultos, procedentes de 42 hospitales españoles con 294 episodios, lo que representa una tasa de prevalencia de 6,16 pacientes/millón de habitantes/año 2016. El diagnóstico más frecuente en adultos fue de oncológico paliativo (25,8%), seguido de otros. En niños, fue de alteraciones de la motilidad con 6 casos (17,6%), la enfermedad de Hirschsprung y la enterocolitis necrotizante, ambos con 5 niños (14,7%). El primer motivo de indicación fue síndrome de intestino corto tanto en niños (64,7%) como en adultos (37,3%), seguido de obstrucción intestinal, 28,6% en adultos y 14,7% en niños. El tipo de catéter más utilizado fue el tunelizado tanto en niños (70,6%) como en adultos (37,9%), y la complicación más frecuente en adultos fue la infección relacionada con el catéter, que presentó una tasa de 0,48 infecciones/1.000 días de NPD. Durante este periodo, finalizaron 71 episodios en adultos siendo la causa de finalización principal el fallecimiento (57,7%) y paso a vía oral (31%). Conclusiones: se constata un incremento progresivo de centros y profesionales colaboradores en el registro de pacientes que reciben NPD. Las principales indicaciones de NPD y de motivo de finalización se mantienen estables (AU)

Objective: To communicate HPN data obtained from the HPN registry of the NADYA-SENPE group (www.nadya-senpe.com) for the year 2016. Material and methods: Descriptive analysis of the data collected from adult and pediatric patients with HPN in the NADYA-SENPE group registry from January 1st, 2016 to December 31 st, 2016. Results: There were 286 patients from 42 Spanish hospitals (54.2% women), 34 children and 252 adults, with 294 episodes, which represent a prevalence rate of 6.16 patients / million inhabitants / year 2016. The most frequent diagnosis in adults was «palliative cancer» (25.8%), followed by «others». In children it was «motility alterations» with 6 cases (17.6%), Hirschsprung's disease and necrotising enterocolitis, both with 5 children (14.7%). The first indication was short bowel syndrome in both children (64.7%) and adults (37.3%), followed by intestinal obstruction in 28.6% adults and 14.7% in children. The most frequently used type of catheter was tunnelled in both children (70.6%) and adults (37.9%). The most frequent complication in adults was infection related to the catheter, which presented a rate of 0.48 infections / 1,000 days of NPD. During this period, 71 episodes ended in adults and the main cause was death (57.7%) followed by resuming the oral route (31%). Conclusions: There is a progressive increase of centers and professional collaborators in the registry who report patients receiving parenteral nutrition at home. The main indications of HPN and the motive for ending have remained stable (AU)

Fast atom transport and launching in a nonrigid trap.

We study the shuttling of an atom in a trap with controllable position and frequency. Using invariant-based inverse engineering, protocols in which the trap is simultaneously displaced and expanded are proposed to speed up transport between stationary trap locations as well as launching processes with narrow final-velocity distributions. Depending on the physical constraints imposed, either simultaneous or sequential approaches may be faster. We consider first a perfectly harmonic trap, and then extend the treatment to generic traps. Finally, we apply this general framework to a double-well potential to separate different motional states with different launching velocities.

Importancia de una profilaxis dietética en una intervención quirúrgica / No disponible

No disponible

XVI Congreso SEINAP. Fórmulas extensamente hidrolizadas / XVI Congreso SEINAP. Extensively hydrolized formulas

No disponible

Una solución a los riñones poliquísticos: nefrectomía / No disponible

No disponible

Contribution of glutathione to the control of cellular redox homeostasis under toxic metal and metalloid stress.

The accumulation of toxic metals and metalloids, such as cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), or arsenic (As), as a consequence of various anthropogenic activities, poses a serious threat to the environment and human health. The ability of plants to take up mineral nutrients from the soil can be exploited to develop phytoremediation technologies able to alleviate the negative impact of toxic elements in terrestrial ecosystems. However, we must select plant species or populations capable of tolerating exposure to hazardous elements. The tolerance of plant cells to toxic elements is highly dependent on glutathione (GSH) metabolism. GSH is a biothiol tripeptide that plays a fundamental dual role: first, as an antioxidant to mitigate the redox imbalance caused by toxic metal(loid) accumulation, and second as a precursor of phytochelatins (PCs), ligand peptides that limit the free ion cellular concentration of those pollutants. The sulphur assimilation pathway, synthesis of GSH, and production of PCs are tightly regulated in order to alleviate the phytotoxicity of different hazardous elements, which might induce specific stress signatures. This review provides an update on mechanisms of tolerance that depend on biothiols in plant cells exposed to toxic elements, with a particular emphasis on the Hg-triggered responses, and considering the contribution of hormones to their regulation.

Early transcriptional responses to mercury: a role for ethylene in mercury-induced stress.

Understanding the cellular mechanisms of plant tolerance to mercury (Hg) is important for developing phytoremediation strategies of Hg-contaminated soils. The early responses of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) seedlings to Hg were studied using transcriptomics analysis. A Medicago truncatula microarray was hybridized with high-quality root RNA from M. sativa treated with 3 µM Hg for 3, 6 and 24 h. The transcriptional pattern data were complementary to the measurements of root growth inhibition, lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) accumulation and NADPH-oxidase activity as stress indexes. Of 559 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 91% were up-regulated. The majority of DEGs were shared between the 3 and 6 h (60%) time points, including the 'stress', 'secondary metabolism' and 'hormone metabolism' functional categories. Genes from ethylene metabolism and signalling were highly represented, suggesting that this phytohormone may be relevant for metal perception and homeostasis. Ethylene-insensitive alfalfa seedlings preincubated with the ethylene signalling inhibitor 1-methylcyclopronene and Arabidopsis thaliana ein2-5 mutants confirmed that ethylene participates in the early perception of Hg stress. It modulates root growth inhibition, NADPH-oxidase activity and Hg-induced apoplastic H2 O2 accumulation. Therefore, ethylene signalling attenuation could be useful in future phytotechnological applications to ameliorate stress symptoms in Hg-polluted plants.

Polyamines in human breast milk for preterm and term infants.

Maternal milk is the first source of exogenous polyamines for the newborn. Polyamines modulate gut maturation in neonates, but no studies are available on polyamine concentration in human milk of preterm babies, even though they could be important for their immature gut. The present study aimed to determine polyamine concentration in human breast milk of mothers with preterm or term infants during the first month of lactation. Human milk samples were obtained during the first month of lactation from twenty-seven mothers with preterm babies and twelve mothers with babies born at term. The polyamine concentration in human milk was quantified by HPLC. During the first month of lactation, the total polyamine concentration was significantly higher in preterm milk than in term milk samples (7590 (SD 4990) v. 4660 (SD 4830) nmol/l, respectively (P » 0·034)), as well as individual polyamine concentrations. Polyamine concentration in mature milk for preterm babies was significantly higher than that in mature milk for babies at term, and a similar trend was observed in colostrum and transition human milk. The spermidine/spermine ratio was higher in transition milk in preterm v. term samples, while in mature milk, the ratio was significantly lower in preterm than in term babies. In conclusion, the polyamine concentration was significantly higher in human milk for preterm than for term infants. This and the different spermidine/spermine ratios could influence the gut development of premature babies.

Prescripción inadecuada en mayores de 75 años en atención primaria: el caso de doxazosina en un área de salud / No disponible

Objetivos: Evaluar la adecuación de la prescripción de doxazosina en mayores de 75 años. Secundarios:Describir la comorbilidad y el tratamiento antihipertensivo asociados, así como el control de la tensión arterial,y analizar los efectos adversos. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal. Ámbito: Área desalud con 31 equipos de atención primaria. Población: Mil doscientos ochenta y dos pacientes mayoresde 75 años en tratamiento con doxazosina durante septiembre y noviembre de 2006. Fuente de información:Historia clínica. Variables: Edad, sexo, tratamiento, pauta, comorbilidad, tensión arterial y efectosadversos aparecidos. En 80 historias, mediante muestreo aleatorio estratificado por sexo y equipo. Se consideróprescripción adecuada en caso de hipertrofia benigna de próstata o como antihipertensivo de cuartalínea. Resultados: La prescripción en mujeres fue adecuada en el 26,5% de los casos (índice de confianza[IC] 95%: 10,2-42,8), y en hombres, en el 47,8% (IC 95%: 32,3-63,3). La comorbilidad más frecuente fue ladislipemia, y la más relevante la cardiaca (6,2%, insuficiencia cardiaca; 20%, trastornos del ritmo cardiaco;16,3%, otras enfermedades cardiacas). En el 91,3% de los pacientes, doxazosina estaba asociada a otros antihipertensivos.El 45,5% de los participantes tenían controlada la tensión arterial sistólica. En el 51,3% de lospacientes apareció algún efecto adverso, con un 63,4% de ellos referidos a mareos o caídas. Conclusiones:La indicación fue adecuada en la mitad de los hombres y en una cuarta parte de las mujeres. A pesar de suslimitaciones de uso, algunos pacientes presentaban insuficiencia cardiaca al inicio del tratamiento. Menosde la mitad de los participantes tenían controlada la tensión sistólica. La mitad de los pacientes sufrieronmareos o caídas durante el tratamiento

Objectives: to assess the appropriateness of the prescription of doxazosin in people over the age of 75. Secondaryobjectives: to describe the comorbidity and the associated antihypertensive treatment, as well as theblood pressure control, and to analyse the adverse effects. Materials and methods: a cross-sectional descriptivestudy. Scope: a health care district with 31 primary care teams. Population: one thousand two hundredand eighty-two patients over the age of 75 undergoing a treatment with doxazosin during September andNovember 2006. Information source: medical history. Variables: age, gender, treatment, schedule, comorbidity,blood pressure and adverse effects suffered, in 80 medical histories, by means of a random samplingstratified by gender and team. The prescription was deemed to be appropriate in the cases of benign prostatichyperplasia or as a fourth-line antihypertensive. Results: The prescription in women was appropriate in26.5% of the cases (confidence index [CI] 95%: 10.2-42.8), and in men, in 47.8% (CI 95%: 32.3-63.3). Themost common comorbidity was dyslipidemia, and the most relevant one was cardiac comorbidity (6.2%,cardiac insufficiency; 20%, heart rhythm disorders; 16.3%, other cardiac diseases). In 91.3% of the patients,doxazosin was associated with other antihypertensives. The systolic blood pressure was controlled in 45.5%of the participants. Some kind of adverse effect was experienced by 51.3% of the patients, with 63.4% ofthem of concerning dizziness or falls. Conclusions: The prescription was appropriate in half of the men andin one fourth of the women. In spite of the limitations of its use, some of the patients were suffering fromcardiac insufficiency at the start of the treatment. The systolic pressure was controlled in less than half of theparticipants. Half of the patients suffered from dizziness and falls during the treatment (AU)

Aplicación de la metodología enfermera en atención primaria / Application of the nursing process in primary care

Fundamento: Las enfermeras de atención primaria (AP) han adquirido en los últimos años una mayor responsabilidad en la provisión de servicios sanitarios, y se han convertido en auténticos gestores de cuidados. La utilización de la metodología de enfermería ha facilitado esta nueva concepción integral de la atención. El objetivo de este estudio es dar a conocer la experiencia de implantación y desarrollo de la metodología de enfermería en un área sanitaria de AP de la Comunidad de Madrid. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo longitudinal, realizado en los 42 equipos de AP del Área 11 de Madrid, acerca de las estrategias de implantación de la metodología y la evaluación de los indicadores clave definidos para la monitorización del proceso del cuidado en el período 2001-2004. Resultados: El número de enfermeras que utiliza la metodología y los diagnósticos de enfermería ha aumentado un 167%. La frecuencia de diagnósticos de enfermería identificados desde el año 2001 ha sido de 50.815. El indicador de calidad global mantiene desde el año 2001 un incremento continuado, y en 2004 se situó en el 90,5%. El indicador de capacidad de resolución se ha situado en los 2 últimos años en torno al 75% de los problemas atendidos. El ICE (indicador sintético de cuidados enfermeros) se ha incrementado un 350%. Conclusiones: Las enfermeras/os de AP del Área 11 de Madrid han integrado el proceso de atención de enfermería como metodología de trabajo en su práctica asistencial, participando del modelo de excelencia de la organización con su aportación disciplinar específica e integrando como proceso clave de la organización el cuidado de la población

Background: In recent years, primary care nurses have acquired grea ter responsibility in providing health services, becoming authentic nursing care managers. This new integral concept of care has been aided by the use of the nursing process. The present study aims to describe the implantation and development of the nursing process in a primary care area in the Autonomous Community of Madrid. Methods: We performed a longitudinal descriptive study to analyze the strategies employed to introduce utilization of the nursing process and to evaluate the key indicators defined to monitor nursing care in 42 primary care teams of Area 11 in Madrid between 2001 and 2004. Results: The number of nurses using the nursing process and nursing diagnoses increased by 167%. The frequency of nursing diagnoses made since 2001 was 50,815. The indicator of overall quality showed a continuous increase since 2001 and was 90.5% in 2004. In the last two years of the study, the indicator of resolution of nursing diagnosis was achieved in approximately 75% of the problems attended. The synthetic indicator of nursing care increased by 350%. Conclusions: Primary care nurses in Area 11 of Madrid have integrated the nursing process as a working methodology into their clinical practice, thus contributing to the organization's model of excellence through their specific discipline and integrating the nursing care of the population as a key process in the organization

Influence of dietary source of docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acids on their incorporation into membrane phospholipids of red blood cells in term infants.

Here we studied whether the chemical structure of dietary arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids in full-term infant diets affects their incorporation into erythrocyte membrane phospholipids. From birth to 3 months, infants were fed breast milk (n = 9) or formula milk containing arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid provided by egg phospholipids (n = 10) or by low-eicosapentaenoic acid fish oil and fungal triglycerides (n = 10). We compared the fatty acid composition of erythrocyte phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin before and after administration of the experimental diet. At 3 months, infants on formula milk showed lower concentrations of docosahexaenoic acid (in phosphatidylcholine and in phosphatidylethanolamine) and arachidonic acid (in phosphatidylcholine) than those receiving breast milk. We conclude the incorporation of the two fatty acids into erythrocyte phospholipids depends mainly on the lipid composition of the diet received rather than the chemical form in which they are delivered.

Efficacy of deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson's disease 4 years after surgery: double blind and open label evaluation.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long term (4 years) efficacy of deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in advanced Parkinson's disease. METHODS: We performed a double blind crossover evaluation of the efficacy of DBS of the STN in the "off" medication condition in 10 patients with Parkinson's disease. Assessments included the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) part III (motor) and two timed tests (arm tapping and walking). Open evaluation of the effect of stimulation in the off and on drug states preoperatively and at 1 and 4 years postoperatively was also conducted. The latter assessment included the UPDRS parts II (activities of daily living) and III (dyskinesia scale and global assessment) as judged by the patient and examiner. The mean amount of levodopa daily dose at base line, 1 year, and 4 years after surgery was compared. RESULTS: A significant (p<0.04) effect of stimulation was observed in the overall group regarding both the UPDRS motor and the timed tests. Open evaluation also showed a significant benefit of STN DBS with respect to preoperative assessment in both the motor and activities of daily living scales, dyskinesia scale, and in global assessment. Levodopa daily dose was reduced by 48% and 50% at 1 and 4 years, respectively. There was no difference between the 1 and 4 years evaluations in any of the parameters evaluated. Complications due to stimulation were minor. CONCLUSIONS: DBS of the STN provides a significant and persistent anti-parkinsonian effect in advanced Parkinson's disease 4 years after surgery.