Peripherally injected canabidiol reduces neuropathic pain in mice: Role of the 5-HT1A and TRPV1 receptors.

Cannabidiol (CBD) is the most abundant non-psychoactive component found in plants of the genus Cannabis. Its analgesic effect for the treatment of neuropathy has been widely studied. However, little is known about its effects in the acute treatment when Cannabidiol is administered peripherally. Because of that, this research was aimed to evaluate the antinociceptive effects of the CBD when administered peripherally for the treatment of acute neuropathic pain and check the involvement of the 5-HT1A and the TRPV1 receptors in this event. Neuropathic pain was induced with the constriction of the sciatic nerve while the nociceptive threshold was measured using the pressure test of the mouse paw. The technique used proved to be efficient to induce neuropathy, and the CBD (5, 10 and 30 µg/paw) induced the antinociception in a dosage-dependent manner. The dosage used that induced a more potent effect (30 µg/paw), did not induce a systemic response, as demonstrated by both the motor coordination assessment test (RotaRod) and the antinociceptive effect restricted to the paw treated with CBD. The administration of NAN-190 (10 µg/paw), a selective 5-HT1A receptor antagonist, and SB-366791 (16 µg/paw), a selective TRPV1 antagonist, partially reversed the CBD-induced antinociception. The results of the research suggest that the CBD produces the peripheral antinociception during the acute treatment of the neuropathic pain and it partially involved the participation of the 5-HT1A and TRPV1 receptors.

2022: Position of Brazilian Diabetes Society on exercise recommendations for people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

INTRODUCTION: For individuals diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, the practice of properly oriented physical exercises brings significant benefits to the individual's health and is considered an indispensable tool for metabolic management. The individualization of exercise routines is an essential aspect for therapeutic success, despite the need to consider some general recommendations. This review is an authorized literal translation of the Brazilian Society of Diabetes (SBD) Guidelines 2021-2022, which is based on scientific evidence and provides guidance on physical activities and exercises aimed at individuals with type 1 and 2 diabetes. METHODS: SBD designated 9 specialists from its "Department of Diabetes, Exercise & Sports" to author chapters on physical activities and exercises directed to individuals with type 1 and 2 diabetes. The aim of these chapters was to highlight recommendations in accordance with Evidence Levels, based on what is described in the literature. These chapters were analyzed by the SBD Central Committee, which is also responsible for the SBD 2021-2022 guidelines. Main clinical inquiries were selected to perform a narrated review by using MEDLINE via PubMed. Top available evidence, such as high-quality clinical trials, large observational studies and meta-analyses related to physical activity and exercise advisory, were analyzed. The adopted MeSh terms were [diabetes], [type 1 diabetes], [type 2 diabetes], [physical activity] [physical exercise]. RESULTS: 17 recommendations were defined by the members. For this review, it was considered different Evidence Levels, as well as different Classes of Recommendations. As to Evidence Levels, the following levels were contemplated: Level A) More than one randomized clinical trial or a randomized clinical trial meta-analysis with low heterogeneity. Level B) Meta analysis with observational studies, one randomized clinical trial, sizeable observational studies and sub-groups analysis. Level C) Small non-randomized studies, cross-sectional studies, case control studies, guidelines or experts' opinions. In respect to Recommendation Classes, the following criteria were adopted: I. "Recommended": Meaning there was a consent of more than 90% of the panel; IIa. "Must be considered": meaning there is a general preference of the panel which 70-90% agrees; IIb. "Can be considered". 50-70% agrees; III Not recommended: There is a consensus that the intervention should not be performed. CONCLUSION: Physical exercise aids on the glycemic control of type 2 diabetes individuals while also decreasing cardiovascular risk in individuals with type 1 and 2 diabetes. Individuals diagnosed with diabetes should perform combined aerobic and resistance exercises in order to manage the disease. In addition, exercises focusing on flexibility and balance should be specially addressed on elderly individuals. Diabetes individuals using insulin as therapeutic treatment should properly monitor glycemia levels before, during and after exercise sessions to minimize health incidents, such as hypoglycemia.

The Curcumin Supplementation with Piperine Can Influence the Acute Elevation of Exercise-Induced Cytokines: Double-Blind Crossover Study.

BACKGROUND: to evaluate the effects of one week of supplementation with curcumin combined with piperine on physical performance, immune system cell counts, muscle damage, and plasma levels of inflammatory markers after a treadmill running training session. METHODS: This study is a double-blind, crossover-balanced clinical trial with a three-week intervention. Sixteen male runners with a mean age of 36 ± 9 years and VO2 max of 60.6 ± 9.03 mL.kg -1 min -1 were recruited and randomly divided into 2 groups: the first group (CPG) was supplemented daily for 7 days with 500 mg of curcumin + 20 mg piperine, and the second group (PG) was supplemented with 540 mg of cellulose. After the 7th day of supplementation, the volunteers participated in the experimental running protocol, where blood samples were collected before, after, and one hour after exercise for analysis of the number of leukocytes, creatine kinase, and cytokine concentration (IL-2, TNF-α, IFN, IL-6, and IL-10) using flow cytometry. This process was repeated, reversing the supplementation offered to the groups. RESULTS: curcumin and piperine supplementation could not change the physical performance, immune cell counts, and muscle damage; however, the aerobic fatiguing exercise protocol inhibited the elevation of the plasmatic levels of some cytokines. The running exercise protocol could elevate the circulating levels of IL-2 (from 49.7 to 59.3 pg/mL), TNF-α (from 48.5 to 51.5 pg/mL), INF (from 128.8 to 165.0 pg/mL), IL-6 (from 63.1 to 77.3 pg/mL), and IL-10 (from 48.9 to 59.6 pg/mL) 1 h after the end of the running protocol. However, the curcumin and piperine supplementation could inhibit this elevation. CONCLUSIONS: curcumin and piperine supplementation had no effect on physical performance, immune cell counts, or muscle damage; however, the supplementation could modulate the kinetics of IL-2, TNF-α, INF, IL-6, and IL-10 1 h after the end of exercise.

Analysis of Web-Based IoT through Heterogeneous Networks: Swarm Computing over LoRaWAN.

The Internet of Things (IoT) leverages added valued services by the wide spread of connected smart devices. The Swarm Computing paradigm considers a single abstraction layer that connects all kinds of devices globally, from sensors to super computers. In this context, the Low-Power Wide-Area Network (LPWAN) emerges, spreading out connection to the IoT end devices. With the upsides of long-range, low power and low cost, LPWAN presents major limitations regarding data transmission capacity, throughput, supported packet length and quantity per day limitation. This situation makes LPWAN systems with limited interoperability integrate with systems based on REpresentational State Transfer (REST). This work investigates how to connect web-based IoT applications with LPWANs. The analysis was carried out studying the number of packets generated for a use case of REST-based IoT over LPWAN, specifically the Swarm OS over LoRaWAN. The work also presents an analysis of the impact of using promising schemes for lower communication load. We evaluated Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP), Static Context Header Compression (SCHC) and Concise Binary Object Representation (CBOR) to make transmission over the restricted links of LPWANs possible. The attained results show the reduction of 98.18% packet sizes while using SCHC and CBOR compared to HTTP and JSON by sending fewer packets with smaller sizes.

Shoulder muscles electromyographic responses in automotive workers wearing a commercial exoskeleton.

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are a major concern in industries and working environments. They cause not only suffering to the employee and decrease in performance, but also high economic losses to the companies and the society. Workers from assembly lines and machine operators are one of the most frequently affected working population. Moreover, one of the main types of MSDs in occupational environments are shoulder injuries. Exoskeletons have been applied and tested in rehabilitation and they are gaining ground in occupational environments as assistive devices to augment human force and minimize loads on muscles and joints. However, more evidence about the effects of several exoskeletons models in assisting different tasks is needed. We measured shoulder muscles activity (AD - anterior deltoid and MD - medial deltoid) of seven automotive workers using the SuitX® upper limb exoskeleton while performing different screwing tasks, at different shoulder levels while handling different tools. We found significant muscle activity reduction for 2 of the 4 proposed tasks, suggesting a task-specificity effectiveness. Therefore, it seems to be a viable option to reduce muscle effort in certain tasks.

Fire lead to disturbance on organic carbon under sugarcane cultivation but is recovered by amendment with vinasse.

Sugarcane burning has been widely practiced in Brazil and worldwide. In the long term, this farming practice can cause soil erosion, reduction in organic carbon (OC) and consequently, changes in the structure of soil organic matter (SOM). Such changes may be difficult to reverse. This study aimed to assess the medium- and long-term effects of sugarcane burning on SOM characteristics, both in terms of quantity and structural quality and evaluate the application of vinasse as a strategy to attenuate fire-induced changes in burned soil. The experiment was conducted in a 50-year-old sugarcane field on soils classed as Cambissolo Háplico (Inceptisol). Four plots were sampled: a) burning of sugarcane for harvest for 37 years (SCB37); b) renewal of the sugarcane field and burning for harvest for 3 years (SCB3); c) renewal of the sugarcane field without burning for harvest for 3 years (SCWB), and d) renewal of the sugarcane field and burning for harvest with the application of vinasse for 3 years (SCV). Chemical and physical characterization of SOM was performed by solid-state spectroscopy (UV-vis, ATR-FTIR e 13C NMR CP/MAS) and chemometric techniques. The results showed that sugarcane burning drastically impacts SOM content and its chemical structure, however, the application of vinasse preserves and restores the soil from the fire effects. Content of soil OC, particulate OC, mineral-associated OC, humic acid, humin and light fraction OM that were affected by fire, had an increase and recovery of contents by the vinasse application. Solid state spectroscopy showed that labile structures were lost in humic acids (HA) by fire and recalcitrant structures were preserved. The application of vinasse incorporated fragments of lipids and carbohydrates in HA structure. Burning sugar cane straw affects the integrity of soil organic matter but can be restored by applying vinasse.

Exploratory analysis of differences in sperm morphology in Nelore and Gir (Bos indicus) bulls.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of breed and season on semen quality parameters of zebu bulls. Data (1,632 registers) of semen production from Gir (n = 4) and Nelore (n = 15) bulls were collected between October 2005 and November 2009. The ejaculates were collected twice a week during various seasons (summer, fall, winter, and spring) and evaluated for the following semen parameters: ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, sperm motility, forward progressive motility (FPM), and sperm morphology. Factor analysis was used to determine the relationship among variables. The effect of breed (Gir and Nelore) and season and their cross effect on each parameter and extracted factor were tested using ANOVA. A negative correlation (P < 0.05) was observed between FPM and proximal droplet, as well as with abnormal loose head, abnormal small head, pouch formation, abnormal mid-piece, and strongly folded tail. Gir bull sperm showed more major defects, detached acrosome, and minor FPM (P < 0.01), whereas Nelore bulls showed a higher number of sperm with normally loose head.

Institucionalização: transformações e interpretação de vida dos idosos / Institutionalization: Transformation and interpretation of life of older

Deve-se estimular os idosos e a sociedade a repensar o envelhecimento como fase da existência, que possui e promove várias mudanças. Mas não se deve aceitar a passividade de ser participante e que requer reestruturação como outra fase qualquer da vida. Muitas vezes o idoso é visto pela sociedade como um indivíduo inútil e fraco (Betti, 2008). Isso retrata a sensação do idoso em já não ser parte contribuinte para o crescimento e sustentação da sociedade, essa ideia ficava ainda, ratificada pela decisão da família em institucionalizar o idoso pela dificuldade de ambientá-lo com suas limitações e necessidades. Esse estudo procura trazer uma reflexão sobre as transformações na vida do indivíduo idoso quando ocorre a institucionalização. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, exploratória e descritiva. Para tal investigação foram utilizados os descritores: envelhecimento e institucionalização, cruzadas, nas bases de dados da BVS, foram encontrados 167 artigos indexados em Lilacs, Medline, IBECS e Cid Saúde, esses foram avaliados, em sucessão, pelo título, resumo e texto completo. Foram excluídos 8 artigos por tratarem somente de aspectos físicos do envelhecimento, 1 por se encontrar com indexação repetida durante a busca, 1 por estudar aspectos de cuidados domiciliares, 1 por ter mais de 10 anos de publicação e 152 por não apresentarem texto completo disponível. Incluídos 04 artigos com relevância para o tema que contemplam um período de 2006 a 2011, livros e guias de acervo pessoal dos autores, que deram o embasamento necessário a construção do texto. Encontramos, além da necessidade de hábitos saudáveis, atividade física, triagem da saúde, a necessidade do indivíduo em encontrar o significado da vida, o valor da existência e aceitar seu processo natural, que passa por diversas etapas, o envelhecimento, simplesmente, é uma delas.(AU)

It should encourage the elderly and society to rethink how the aging phase of existence, which owns and promotes several changes. But we should not accept the passivity to be a participant and which requires restructuring as any other stage of life. Often the elderly are viewed by society as a wastrel and weak (Betti, 2008). This portrays the feeling in the elderly is no longer part contributor to the growth and sustainability of society, this idea was also ratified by the family's decision to institutionalize the elderly by the difficult environment it with its limitations and needs. This study seeks to bring a discussion about the transformations in the lives of the elderly occurs when institutionalization. This is a qualitative, exploratory and descriptive. To this end we have used the following keywords: aging and institutionalization, cross in databases VHL, were found 167 articles indexed in Lilacs, Medline, IBECS Cid and Health, these were evaluated in succession, by title, abstract and full text . Form 08 articles excluded by treating only the physical aspects of aging, by 01 to meet with repeated during the search indexing, 2001 to study aspects of home care in 2001 for having over 10 years of publication and 152 for not having full text available. Included 04 articles with relevance to the topic which cover a period from 2006 to 2011, books and guides to the authors' personal collection, which gave the necessary basis to develop the text. We found, besides the necessity of healthy habits, physical activity, health screening, there is a need for individuals to find the meaning of life, existence value and accept their natural process that goes through several steps and aging is one .(AU)

Institucionalização: transformações e interpretação de vida dos idosos / Institutionalization: Transformation and interpretation of life of older

Deve-se estimular os idosos e a sociedade a repensar o envelhecimento como fase da existência, que possui e promove várias mudanças. Mas não se deve aceitar a passividade de ser participante e que requer reestruturação como outra fase qualquer da vida. Muitas vezes o idoso é visto pela sociedade como um indivíduo inútil e fraco (Betti, 2008). Isso retrata a sensação do idoso em já não ser parte contribuinte para o crescimento e sustentação da sociedade, essa ideia ficava ainda, ratificada pela decisão da família em institucionalizar o idoso pela dificuldade de ambientá-lo com suas limitações e necessidades. Esse estudo procura trazer uma reflexão sobre as transformações na vida do indivíduo idoso quando ocorre a institucionalização. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, exploratória e descritiva. Para tal investigação foram utilizados os descritores: envelhecimento e institucionalização, cruzadas, nas bases de dados da BVS, foram encontrados 167 artigos indexados em Lilacs, Medline, IBECS e Cid Saúde, esses foram avaliados, em sucessão, pelo título, resumo e texto completo. Foram excluídos 8 artigos por tratarem somente de aspectos físicos do envelhecimento, 1 por se encontrar com indexação repetida durante a busca, 1 por estudar aspectos de cuidados domiciliares, 1 por ter mais de 10 anos de publicação e 152 por não apresentarem texto completo disponível. Incluídos 04 artigos com relevância para o tema que contemplam um período de 2006 a 2011, livros e guias de acervo pessoal dos autores, que deram o embasamento necessário a construção do texto. Encontramos, além da necessidade de hábitos saudáveis, atividade física, triagem da saúde, a necessidade do indivíduo em encontrar o significado da vida, o valor da existência e aceitar seu processo natural, que passa por diversas etapas, o envelhecimento, simplesmente, é uma delas.

It should encourage the elderly and society to rethink how the aging phase of existence, which owns and promotes several changes. But we should not accept the passivity to be a participant and which requires restructuring as any other stage of life. Often the elderly are viewed by society as a wastrel and weak (Betti, 2008). This portrays the feeling in the elderly is no longer part contributor to the growth and sustainability of society, this idea was also ratified by the family's decision to institutionalize the elderly by the difficult environment it with its limitations and needs. This study seeks to bring a discussion about the transformations in the lives of the elderly occurs when institutionalization. This is a qualitative, exploratory and descriptive. To this end we have used the following keywords: aging and institutionalization, cross in databases VHL, were found 167 articles indexed in Lilacs, Medline, IBECS Cid and Health, these were evaluated in succession, by title, abstract and full text . Form 08 articles excluded by treating only the physical aspects of aging, by 01 to meet with repeated during the search indexing, 2001 to study aspects of home care in 2001 for having over 10 years of publication and 152 for not having full text available. Included 04 articles with relevance to the topic which cover a period from 2006 to 2011, books and guides to the authors' personal collection, which gave the necessary basis to develop the text. We found, besides the necessity of healthy habits, physical activity, health screening, there is a need for individuals to find the meaning of life, existence value and accept their natural process that goes through several steps and aging is one.

Nas trilhas do trabalho comunitário e social: teoria, método é prática / On the trails community and social work: theory, methods and practices

O mundo tem se caracterizado por uma fragmentação do sujeito no que se refere aos ideais de lutas e utopias políticas para a compreensão do social. Nessa direção, as consideradas minorias apontadas pelo autor vislumbram uma forma de ser no mundo, em que a construção aponta para um caminho novo de valorização de vozes que nunca foram escutadas dando resposta à fragmentação. O autor tece de forma lapidar a relação teoria-prática, possibilitando ao leitor perceber que o novo caminho só é possível quando ocorre o rompimento com o paradigma socialmente sedimentado...

Movimento institucionalista: principais abordagens / Institutionalist movement: main approaches

O presente artigo tem como objetivo explicitar as bases das experiências abarcadas pelo termo “Movimento Institucionalista”, passando pela definição do conceito de instituição e por discussões relativas ao processo de institucionalização. Por fim, analisam-se duas das diversas correntes incluídas no Movimento Institucionalista: a Análise Institucional ou Socioanálise e a Sociopsicanálise.

The present article has the goal of explaining the theoretical basis of experiences underlying the term “Institutionalist Movement”. It starts discussing the concept of “institution” and the related process of institutionalization. Finally it analyses two of the several trends of this Movement: “Institutional Analysis” or “Social-Analysis” and “Social- Psychoanalysis”.

Movimento institucionalista: principais abordagens / Institutionalist movement: main approaches

O presente artigo tem como objetivo explicitar as bases das experiências abarcadas pelo termo “Movimento Institucionalista”, passando pela definição do conceito de instituição e por discussões relativas ao processo de institucionalização. Por fim, analisam-se duas das diversas correntes incluídas no Movimento Institucionalista: a Análise Institucional ou Socioanálise e a Sociopsicanálise(AU)

The present article has the goal of explaining the theoretical basis of experiences underlying the term “Institutionalist Movement”. It starts discussing the concept of “institution” and the related process of institutionalization. Finally it analyses two of the several trends of this Movement: “Institutional Analysis” or “Social-Analysis” and “Social- Psychoanalysis” (AU)

Homoerotismo: “um odre velho repleto de vinho novo” / Homoerotism: “an old wineskin full of new wine”

Este artigo tem por objetivo discutir o conceito de homoerotismo e homossexualidade, analisando a distinção entre os dois termos. O autor busca ampliar a idéia de partição sexual nos seres humanos, situando-a para além do aspecto biológico e estendendo a reflexão a questões sociais, econômicas e políticas do mundo contemporâneo. Discute-se ainda o conceito psicanalítico de libido como diferenciador entre a espécie humana e os demais seres vivos regidos pelo instinto. Faz-se um breve percurso da questão da homossexualidade, na linha do tempo, assinalando o caráter histórico dessa discussão(AU)

Homoerotismo: um odre velho repleto de vinho novo / Homoerotism: an old wineskin full of new wine

Este artigo tem por objetivo discutir o conceito de homoerotismo e homossexualidade, analisando a distinção entre os dois termos. O autor busca ampliar a idéia de partição sexual nos seres humanos, situando-a para além do aspecto biológico e estendendo a reflexão a questões sociais, econômicas e políticas do mundo contemporâneo. Discute-se ainda o conceito psicanalítico de libido como diferenciador entre a espécie humana e os demais seres vivos regidos pelo instinto. Faz-se um breve percurso da questão da homossexualidade, na linha do tempo, assinalando o caráter histórico dessa discussão.

Questoes politico-sociais do estagio academico

O objetivo deste breve ensaio e oferecer elementos para a tarefa de refazer o itinerario das questoes politico-sociais do Estagio na Universidade. Dado o carater subsdiario desta proposta, sua estrutura e simples: partimos de determinados conceitos sobre a funcao da instituicao como produtora de subjetividades e tracamos em seguida, algumas consideracoes a cerca da funcao da instituicao atraves dos dispositivos ensino, pesquisa e estagio. Reservamos ainda, um espaco para pontuarmos a relacao entre o supervisor, o supervisionando e a clientela e finalmente, refletimos sobre a funcao policia do estagio na educacao.