Use of homologous bone grafts in maxillary sinus lifting / Uso de injertos de hueso homólogo en la elevación del seno maxilar

Homologous bone has been considered a viable alternative in bone reconstruction in the posterior maxillary area to perform surgeries for the maxillary sinus lifting. The aim of this study was to perform a literature review about the advantages and risks inherent in the use of homologous bone graft coming from the tissue bank to perform the surgery for maxillary sinus lifting. A literature review was conducted on MEDLINE (PubMed), Scielo, Scopus and Lilacs, and based on manuscripts and books published from 1980 to 2010. After reading the titles and abstracts of the manuscripts, 69 studies were selected because of their correlations with the aim of the current study. The use of homologous grafts from bone banks showed greater osteogenic potential and a slow remodeling least compared to other grafts to increase the volume of the posterior bone of the maxilla in surgery for maxillary sinus lifting.

De hueso homólogo se ha considerado una alternativa viable en la reconstrucción ósea en la zona posterior del maxilar para cirugías de la elevación del seno maxilar. El objetivo de este estudio fue el desempeño de una revisión de la literatura sobre las ventajas y riesgos inherentes en el uso de injerto de hueso homólogo proveniente del banco de tejidos para la cirugía de elevación del seno maxilar. Una revisión de la literatura se hizo en MEDLINE (PubMed), Scielo, Scopus y Lilacs, y en base a manuscritos y libros publicados desde 1980 hasta 2010. Después de leer los títulos y resúmenes de los manuscritos, 69 estudios fueron seleccionados debido a su correlación con el objetivo de este estudio. El uso de injertos homólogos de los bancos de hueso mostró un mayor potencial osteogénico y una remodelación lento por lo menos en comparación con otros injertos para aumentar el volumen del hueso posterior del maxilar superior en la cirugía de elevación del seno maxilar.

Short implants in oral rehabilitation

Introduction and objective: The placement of short dental implants is used as an alternative treatment modality to bone grafting procedures. The aim of this study was to discuss, through a literature review, the features, indications and biomechanical aspects of short implants, as well as to report the clinical factors that influence on their indication. Literature review and conclusion: It was found that short implants osseointegration can be compromised by risk factors that must be controlled to achieve treatment success. In conclusion, the main indication of short implants is to avoid an invasive surgery at atrophic areas of maxilla and mandible. Furthermore, implant design associated with surface treatment are factors that compensate its short length.

Principais biomateriais utilizados em cirurgia de levantamento de seio maxilar: abordagem clínica / Biomaterials used in maxillary sinus lifting surgery: clinical approach

A cirurgia de levantamento do seio maxilar é indicada em casos de reabsorção óssea do processo alveolar da maxila na região posterior, a qual pode limitar a colocação de implantes com comprimentos adequados. O objetivo deste estudo foi revisar sobre as vantagens, as desvantagens e os aspectos clínicos dos principais biomateriais utilizados na técnica cirúrgica de levantamento de seio maxilar. Os artigos selecionados para a realização desta revisão de literatura foram do período de 1965 a 2010, pesquisados nas bases de dados PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Bireme, BBO e Lilacs. Foram analisados 57 artigos. As palavras-chave utilizadas foram: seio maxilar, levantamento, cirurgia, biomateriais. Esta revisão de literatura foi dividida em 3 tópicos: (1) Pneumatização de seio maxilar; (2) Cirurgia para levantamento de seio maxilar; (3) Biomateriais. A hidroxiapatita de cálcio, o vidro bioativo e a proteína morfogenética óssea demonstraram atuar como osteocondutores facilitando a neoformação óssea. Enquanto que o plasma rico em plaquetas, quando associado a outros biomateriais, facilita a incorporação do enxerto ao osso da maxila, acelerando a cicatrização. O osso autógeno, apesar dos avanços em bioengenharia tecidual, é ainda considerado o composto de escolha como enxerto sinusal, principalmente associado a outros biomateriais, devido à sua propriedade osteogênica

The surgery for lifting of the maxillary sinus is indicated in cases of bone resorption of the alveolar process of maxilla in posterior region, which may limit the placement of implants with appropriate lengths. The aim of this study was to review the advantages, disadvantages and clinical aspects of the main biomaterials used in surgical technique for maxillary sinus lifting. The articles selected for the completion of this review were from the period 1965 to 2010, searched in the PubMed / Medline, Scopus, BIREME, LILACS and BBO. All 57 articles were analyzed. The keywords used were: maxillary sinus, lift, surgery, biomaterials. This literature review was divided into three topics: (1) Pneumatization of the maxillary sinus, (2) Surgery for maxillary sinus lifting, (3) Biomaterials. The hydroxyapatite, bioactive glass and bone morphogenetic protein shown to act as osteoconductive facilitate new bone formation. While the platelet-rich plasma, when combined with other biomaterials, facilitates the incorporation of the graft to the jaw bone, accelerating the healing process. The autogenous bone despite advances in bioengineered tissue is still considered the compound of choice as a sinus graft mainly associated with other biomaterials, due to their osteogenic property