What advice should we give our patients to preserve their fertility and avoid needing oocyte donation in the future? - A Social Fertility Preservation program.

OBJECTIVE: To describe our fertility preservation program focusing on the number of oocytes vitrified by age. METHODS: From January 2015 to December 2016, 686 oocyte vitrification cycles were performed in our units for the social fertility preservation program. In total, 288 were donors who donated their oocytes for our oocyte-banking program, and 398 were patients who underwent elective fertility preservation. RESULTS: The mean numbers of COCs retrieved and vitrified oocytes were similar among the donor cycles (women under 30 years). In those patients over 36 years of age the mean numbers of COCs retrieved and vitrified oocytes were significantly lower. We also estimated the association between age and cancelation rates. Odd ratios (OR) for total cancelation was calculated between patients of 31-35 years and 41-45 years; the OR was 5.17 (95% CI 1.89 - 14.17) and increased up to 25.67 (95% CI 5.01 - 131.42) between patients 31-35 y and those older than 45 years. No differences were found between patients of 31-35 years and 36-40 years. The OR for total cancellation increased 3.83 (95% CI 2.06 - 7.11) and 19.00 (95% CI 4.56 - 79.11) between women 36-40 years and 41-45 years, and those older than 45 years, respectively. Finally, the oocyte survival rate in patients under 36 years of age was similar to that of our donor program (94% vs. 95%). CONCLUSIONS: Based on this study, we encouraged our patients under than 36 years of age to preserve their fertility for the future.

A healthy HLA-matched baby born by using a combination of aCGH and Karyomapping: the first latin american case.

PGD for HLA typing is a procedure that can be performed when an affected child requires a transplant to treat a non-hereditary disorder related to the hematopoietic and/or immune system. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from an HLA-identical donor provides the best treatment option. Three conventional ovarian stimulation procedures for IVF were performed in a couple with a 10-year-old child diagnosed with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia of high risk. Trophectoderm biopsy and aCGH examination were performed on 15 blastocysts, three on the first IVF procedure, four on the second cycle, and eight on the third. Three euploid blastocysts HLA-compatible with the genome of the affected child were identified. One euploid blastocyst HLA-compatible with the affected child was warmed and transferred, resulting in an HLA-matched live birth. In conclusion, combined aCGH for aneuploidy screening and Karyomapping may be performed in a single biopsy procedure.

Mosaic embryo transfer after oocyte in vitro maturation in combination with non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT)-first report of a euploid live birth.

PURPOSES: The purpose of this study is to describe a healthy life birth after a mosaic embryo transfer in oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM). METHODS: Patient received minimal stimulation, starting on day 3 after menstrual period. No hCG trigger was administered. Oocyte retrieval was performed and oocytes were matured for 30 h. After denuding, mature oocytes were inseminated by ICSI. Embryos were cultured until blastocyst stage and biopsied. RESULTS: One euploid embryo after array comprehensive genome hybridization (aCGH) was diagnostic. However, the next-generation sequencing (NGS) re-analysis showed that embryo was a mosaic for chromosome 13 and 21. Nevertheless, pregnancy ultrasound scans and non-invasive prenatal test (NIPT-Verifi-Illumina) indicated a normal fetus development. Finally, a healthy baby was born after 38 weeks. Its weight was 4480 g, head circumference 36 cm, and total length of 51 cm. To confirm that the baby was chromosomically normal, an NGS test was performed in buccal cells, a normal profile was obtained. CONCLUSIONS: Our finding confirmed that mosaic embryo transfer would bring a healthy offspring.

Desarrollo embrionario preimplantacional, en ciclos de fecundación in vitro con ovodonación y estudio genético / Preimplantational embryo development in in vitro fertilization cycles with oocyte donation and genetic studies

Introducción. Los estudios genéticos preimplantacionales son cada vez más utilizados con la esperanza de conseguir mejores tasas de implantación y nacido vivo, así como una disminución en la tasa de abortos; por ello resulta necesario analizar estos procedimientos. Objetivo. Evaluar el desarrollo preimplantacional in vitro con ovodonación y estudio genético Diseño. Cohortes retrospectivas. Lugar. Laboratorio Pranor, 20082013. Material. Ciclos de fecundación in vitro con ovodonación (FIV-OD). Intervenciones. Se evaluaron 2 077 ciclos de FIV-OD, los cuales fueron clasificados en tres cohortes: 1) ciclos con biopsia embrionaria en día 3, mediante una incisión en la zona pelúcida (ZP) embrionaria, para exéresis de una blastómera (n=527); 2) ciclos con incisión láser en día 4 del desarrollo embrionario, como parte del procedimiento para la biopsia de trofoblasto (n=131); y, 3) ciclos sin intervención (n=1 419). Principales medidas de resultado. Tasa de fecundación, tasa de blastulación. Resultados. No existió diferencia significativa en la tasa de fecundación de las 3 cohortes (75,0%, 74,6% y 75,9%, respectivamente, p=0,31). La tasa de blastulación en la cohorte 1 fue 42,5%, mientras que en la cohorte 3 fue 47% (RR=1,085; IC=1,051 a 1,120; p<0,0001). Adicionalmente, la cohorte 2 tuvo 51,9%, con una diferencia estadísticamente significativa de prevención del riesgo de no blastular con respecto a la cohorte 3 (RR=0,906; IC=0,851 a -0,965; p=0,0017). Conclusiones. El desarrollo preimplantacional hasta blastocisto puede mejorar cuando se utiliza el láser embrionario en día cuatro. Es necesario realizar más estudios para confirmar nuestros resultados.

Introduction: Preimplantational genetic studies are used to achieve a better implantation rate and live birth, as well as to decrease the abortion rate; these techniques should be evaluated. Objective: To evaluate preimplantational embryo development in in vitro fertilization cycles with oocyte donation and genetic studies.. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Pranor Laboratory, 2008-2013. Material: In vitro fertilization with oocyte donation (IVF-OD) cycles. Interventions: 2 077 cycles of IVF-OD were evaluated, separated in 3 cohorts: Cohort 1, cycles with embryo biopsy on day 3, by means of an incision in the zona pellucida (ZP), for excision of a blastomer (n = 527); Cohort 2, cycles with a laser incision at day 4 of embryo development, for biopsy of the trophoblast in the blastocyst stage (n = 131) and; cohort 3, FIV-OD cycles without any intervention (n = 1 419). Main outcome measures: Fertilization rate, blastulation rate. Results: There was no difference in the fertilization rate among the three groups studied (75.0%, 74.6% and 75.9% respectively, p = 0.31). Blastulation rate in cohort 1, was 42.5%, whereas, in cohort 3, it was 47% (RR = 1.085, CI = 1.0511.120; p <0.0001). In addition, the rate for cohort 2 was 51.9%, with statistical significance, which prevents from non-blastulation risk compared with cohort 3 (RR = 0.906; IC = 0.851-0.965; p = 0.0017). Conclusions: Preimplantational embryo development would improve blastocyst formation when laser is performed on day 4. Further studies are needed to confirm our results.

Maduración in vitro de ovocitos con cultivo extendido hasta estadio de blastocisto: Primer nacimiento reportado en el Perú / In vitro oocyte maturation combined with extended blastocyst embryo culture: Report of the first baby born in Peru

La maduración in vitro de ovocitos (MIV) es una técnica de reproducción asistida muy poco difundida entre los centros de reproducción asistida, debido al bajo éxito en obtener embarazos. Sin embargo, en los últimos años, diferentes estrategias empleadas han demostrado tasas de embarazo similares a las técnicas convencionales de fecundación in vitro (FIV). En el presente reporte, describimos el caso clínico del primer nacido vivo usando MIV en combinación del cultivo extendido hasta estadio de blastocisto.

In vitro oocyte maturation is not yet considered a well-established technique in in vitro fertilization (IVF) laboratories. This is due to a lower pregnancy rates. However in the last few years, reports have shown similar pregnancy rates compared to the conventional IVF techniques. The current report describes the first baby born after an IVM treatment in combination with extended blastocyst culture in Peru.

Primer embarazo con transferencia de embriones seleccionados por morfocinética en el Perú / First pregnancy with transfer of morphokinetics-selected embryos in Peru

La selección embrionaria usando características morfológicas observadas por pocos segundos bajo el microscopio, ha sido la principal herramienta de selección en las técnicas de reproducción asistida. Sin embargo, el desarrollo embrionario es un proceso dinámico que con la introducción de incubadoras con microcámaras integradas, conocidas como incubadoras con sistema Time Lapse, ha permitido registrar eventos morfológicos y cinéticos del desarrollo embrionario que pueden ser útiles como marcadores de selección, denominándolos parámetros 'morfocinéticos'. En este reporte de caso damos a conocer el primer embarazo en el Perú mediante la transferencia de embriones seleccionados por parámetros morfocinéticos en una incubadora con sistema Time Lapse.

Embryo selection by using morphological characteristics has been the main tool to select the best embryo to transfer in assisted reproduction technology (ART). However, embryo development is a dynamic process that cannot be monitored with conventional microscopes. The introduction of incubators with an integrated micro-camera system, denominated time-lapse incubators, has allowed to register morphological and kinetic events in human embryos, be coming useful markers for embryo selection. In this report, we present the first pregnancy in Peru using morphokinetic parameters in a time lapse incubator.

Evaluación del factor masculino en reproducción asistida: nuevas tecnologías / Male factor evaluation in assisted reproduction: new technologies

Los parámetros seminales analizados en un espermatograma (concentración, motilidad, morfología) no discriminan claramente a pacientes con problemas de fertilidad. Por esto se hace necesaria la búsqueda de nuevos marcadores que nos permitan correlacionar la causa de la infertilidad de factor masculino con la probabilidad de lograr un embarazo a término. En los últimos años muchas investigaciones se han enfocado en el área molecular, evaluando la fragmentación del ADN y las aneuploidías cromosómicas del espermatozoide, lo cual ha llevado a denominarlas infertilidad de factor masculino genómico. Es así como actualmente se está aplicando metodologías que permiten seleccionar espermatozoides con un menor grado de estas patologías, para ser utilizados en procedimientos de reproducción asistida (RA). Entre ellas tenemos la selección morfológica de espermatozoides por alta magnificación (IMSI), las columnas de anexina-V y la selección espermática por unión al ácido hialurónico. En esta revisión detallaremos la utilidad de las pruebas de fragmentación de ADN y FISH enespermatozoides, como las técnicas de selección espermática en técnicas de RA.

The seminal parameters analyzed in semen (concentration, motility, morphology) do not clearly discriminate patients with fertility problems. For this reason it is necessary to search for new markers that will allow us to correlate the cause of male factor infertility with the likelihood of achieving a pregnancy reaching term. In recent years much research has focused on the molecular area, assessing DNA fragmentation and sperm chromosome aneuploidy, which has led to the term ‘genomicmale factor infertility’. At present methodologies allow selection of sperm with less pathology for use in assisted reproduction procedures (ART) including morphological selection of spermatozoa by high magnification (IMSI), columns of annexin-V, and sperm selection by hyaluronic acid binding. This review will detail the usefulness of testing both DNA fragmentation and FISH in sperm as sperm selection techniques in assisted reproduction.

Extended culture up to the blastocyst stage: a strategy to avoid multiple pregnancies in assisted reproductive technologies.

The aim of this study was to review the experience and outcomes of assisted reproduction cycles with embryos grown up to day 5 of development, comparing different parameters according to the ages of the patients. We retrospectively studied 1,874 assisted reproduction cycles where embryo culture was extended up to the fifth or sixth day of development. All IVF and ICSI cycles were included, comparing, according to patient age, the following rates: blastocyst formation, pregnancy, implantation and abortion. As control, we analyzed cycles with donated oocytes from young donors (OD). The number of embryos reaching the blastocyst stage is similar in all groups of patients. Only the OD group was different in terms of blastocyst formation, pregnancy and implantation rates. Patients over 39 years of age had an abortion rate of 59.1 %, which is significantly higher than the other groups. Extended embryo culture up to the blastocyst stage can be implemented in programs of assisted reproduction in order to increase the pregnancy rate. The potential of blastocyst implantation is high, allowing us to transfer fewer embryos and reduce the probability of multiple pregnancies.

Extended culture up to the blastocyst stage: a strategy to avoid multiple pregnancies in assisted reproductive technologies

The aim of this study was to review the experience and outcomes of assisted reproduction cycles with embryos grown up to day 5 of development, comparing different parameters according to the ages of the patients. We retrospectively studied 1,874 assisted reproduction cycles where embryo culture was extended up to the fifth or sixth day of development. All IVF and ICSI cycles were included, comparing, according to patient age, the following rates: blastocyst formation, pregnancy, implantation and abortion. As control, we analyzed cycles with donated oocytes from young donors (OD). The number of embryos reaching the blastocyst stage is similar in all groups of patients. Only the OD group was different in terms of blastocyst formation, pregnancy and implantation rates. Patients over 39 years of age had an abortion rate of 59.1 percent, which is significantly higher than the other groups. Extended embryo culture up to the blastocyst stage can be implemented in programs of assisted reproduction in order to increase the pregnancy rate. The potential of blastocyst implantation is high, allowing us to transfer fewer embryos and reduce the probability of multiple pregnancies.

Effect of two different extracts of red maca in male rats with testosterone-induced prostatic hyperplasia.

AIM: To determine the effect of two different extracts of red maca in male rats. METHODS: Prostatic hyperplasia was induced in male rats with testosterone enanthate (TE). The study comprised six groups: one control group (group 1), one group treated with TE (group 2), two groups treated with TE and aqueous extract of red maca (groups 3 and 4), one group treated with hydroalcoholic extract of red maca (group 5) and one group treated with finasteride (0.1 mg, group 6). Differences in the aqueous extract dependent on the length of time of boiling, whether for 2 or 3 hours, for groups 3 and 4 was assessed. Extracts of red maca contained 0.1 mg of benzylglucosinolate. Thereafter, a dose-response effect of different doses of benzylglucosinolates (0.02-0.08 mg) in red maca extracts was assessed. RESULTS: Prostate weight was similar in rats treated with freeze-dried aqueous extract of red maca prepared after 2 and 3 hours of boiling. Freeze-dried aqueous extract of red maca, hydroalcoholic extract of red maca and finasteride reduced prostate weight in rats with prostatic hyperplasia. No difference was observed between the data obtained from aqueous extract or hydroalcoholic extract of red maca. A dose dependent reduction of prostate weight was observed with the increase of the dose of benzylglucosinolates in red maca extracts. CONCLUSION: The present study showed that hydroalcoholic or aqueous extract of red maca containing 0.1 mg of benzylglucosinolate can reduce prostate size in male rats in which prostatic hyperplasia had been induced by TE.