Ryk receptors on unmyelinated nerve fibers mediate excitatory synaptic transmission and CCL2 release during neuropathic pain induced by peripheral nerve injury.

Background Neuropathic pain is a major pathology of the central nervous system associated with neuroinflammation. Ryk (receptor-like tyrosine kinase) receptors act as repulsive axon-guidance molecules during development of central nervous system and neural injury. Increasing evidence suggests the potential involvement of Wnt/Ryk (wingless and Int) signaling in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain. However, its underlying mechanism remains unknown. Results The expression and location of Ryk receptor as well as its ligand Wnt1 were detected by qPCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. We found that Ryk, a specific Wnt receptor, was expressed in IB4+ (Isolectin B4) and CGRP+ (calcitonin gene-related peptide) dorsal root ganglia neurons and their ascending unmyelinated fibers in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Ryk was upregulated after spinal nerve ligation surgery. Wnt1 was also increased in activated astrocytes in the dorsal horn after spinal nerve ligation. The presynaptic mechanism of Ryk in regulation of neuropathic pain was determined by electrophysiology in spinal slice. Spinal nerve ligation model was established, and the therapeutic potential of inhibiting Ryk receptor was determined. Spine-specific blocking of the Wnt/Ryk receptor signaling attenuated the spinal nerve ligation-induced mechanical allodynia but not thermal hyperalgesia. Further, it also blocked Ca2+-dependent signals including CaMKII and PKCγ, subsequent release of CCL2 (CCR-like protein) in the dorsal horn. An in vitro study showed that inactivating Ryk receptors with anti-Ryk antibodies or lentiviral Ryk shRNA led to the inactivation of Wnt1 for excitatory synaptic transmission in spinal slices and subsequent decrease in CCL2 expression in the dorsal root ganglia neurons. Conclusion These studies demonstrate the existence of critical crosstalk between astrocytes and unmyelinated fibers, which indicate the presynaptic mechanism of Ryk in cytokine transmission of neuropathic pain and the therapeutic potential for Wnt/Ryk signaling pathway in the treatment of neuropathic pain.

Parthenolide Induces Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Autophagic Cell Death in Human Osteosarcoma Cells.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Osteosarcoma is a devastating tumor of bone, primarily affecting adolescents. Parthenolide, a naturally occurring small molecule that interferes with NF-κB signaling, has recently attracted considerable attention because of its pharmacological action involving anti-cancer effects. However, the mechanism of the cytotoxic effect exerted by parthenolide on tumor cells is not clearly defined today. METHODS: In this study, the effects of parthenolide were evaluated and characterized in human osteosarcoma cancer cell. Cell viability was assessed by CCK-8. Apoptosis was assessed by Annexin V-FITC/PI Flow cytometry assay. Relative quantitative real-time PCR and western blot were used to determine the expressions of genes and proteins. RESULTS: Our results suggest that parthenolide did not cause caspase-dependent cell death in osteosarcoma cancer cells, as indicated by the absence of significant early apoptosis as well as caspase-3 cleavage. Instead, parthenolide increased the autophagy and mitophagy, as characterized by increased PINK1 and Parkin translocation to mitochondria and enhanced autophagy proteins. The induction of autophagy by parthenolide was associated with the increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS antioxidants N-acetylcysteine (NAC) attenuated parthenolide-induced autophagy activity. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings unveil a novel mechanism of drug action by parthenolide in osteosarcoma cancer cells and suggest a potential value of treating osteosarcoma cancer through a caspase-independent autophagic cell death by ROS activation.

The effect evaluation on health education of computerized various forms of follow-up program for discharged patients with type 2 diabetes / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective In the computer-oriented network management platform,discharged patients with type 2 diabetes was intervened with multi-form follow-up forms,and analyze the different effects at different stages of health education interventions.Methods Based on diabetes management center database follow-up system,various forms of follow-up program was used for 125 patients with type 2 diabetes who discharged from June 2014 to January 2015,they were followed for a period of six months,the self-management behaviors and blood glucose of patients at different stages,15 day,1 month,3 months,6 months were analyzed and compared.Results After discharged 15 days,1 month,3 months,6 months,the compliance to diet,exercise,blood glucose monitoring and medication of type 2 diabetes was statistically significant (x2=8.274-28.634,P＜ 0.05).The number of discharged patients regularly attending health education seminars,screening complications and glycosylated hemoglobin,attending outpatient follow-up program is gradually increased,the difference was statistically significant (x2=37.722-75.000,P ＜ 0.05).2-hour postprandial blood glucose level and compliance rate,fasting blood glucose level control and compliance rate were stable,the difference were no statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The computerized various forms of follow-up programs can improve the self-management behaviors and maintain a stable glycemic control of discharged patients with type 2 diabetes.

Clauemarazoles A-G, seven carbazole alkaloids from the stems of Clausena emarginata.

Seven new carbazole alkaloids, clauemarazoles A-G, together with 19 known analogues were isolated from the stems of Clausena emarginata. Their structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic analyses, and the absolute configurations of compounds 1a, 1b, 5a, and 5b were confirmed by their ECD spectroscopy. Compounds 4, 13, 15, and 17 exhibited inhibitory abilities on LPS-induced NO production. Compounds 10-12, 20, 22, and 24 displayed hepatoprotective effects against DL-galactosamine-induced damage in WB-F344 cells.

Influence of multi-disciplinary diabetes-oriented nursing team on blood glucose control knowledge of nurses not working in endocrinology department / 现代临床护理

Objective To explore the influence of multi-disciplinary diabetes-oriented nursing team on blood glucose control knowledge of nursing not working in endocrinology department. Methods The multi-disciplinary diabetes-oriented nursing team was established. The team members trained the nurses not working in the endocrinology department with blood glucose control knowledge. The pre-and post-training effects were compared by way of testing their mastery of blood glucose control knowledge. Result The nurse's mastery of blood glucose control knowledge after training was significantly enhanced than those before. Conclusion The multi-subject diabetes-oriented nursing team is effective in improving the knowledge of blood glucose control of the nursing not working in endocrinology department so that the nurses can carry out timely and professional instructions for the patients and thus the nurses quality and therapeutic effect can also be improved.

Association between CYP1A1 gene polymorphism and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the relationship between CYP1A1 genetic polymorphism and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) in Chengdu of China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>MspI and Ile/Val genotypes of CYP1A1 gene were detected with polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and allele-specific amplification-PCR (ASA-PCR) in a case-control study, including 100 cases of ICP and 100 controls.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was no significant correlation between MspI polymorphism and ICP susceptibility (P>0.05). However, the Ile/Val+Val/Val genotypes of CYP1A1 significantly increased the risk of ICP (P=0.047, OR=1.768).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The Ile/Val polymorphism in exon 7 of CYP1A1 may be associated with the susceptibility of ICP in Chengdu. The MspI polymorphism of CYP1A1 is not associated with the risk of ICP in Chengdu.</p>

[Similarity weight method and its application based on the attribute synthetic evaluation system].

OBJECTIVE: To explore a way of determining the weights of variables in synthetic evaluation. METHODS: Based on the attribute synthetic evaluation system, similarity weight was used to cluster and rank the atmospheric quality on 11 large cities. RESULTS: Realized the classification and ranking for the atmospheric quality of the cities given, the results were almost comparable to that achieved by Topsis evaluation. CONCLUSION: The method of comprehensive assessment using similarity weight in the attribute synthetic evaluation system seemed to be objective and rational. Not only it embodied the weights of variables involved, but also exploiting the information presented by the sample.

Similarity weight method and its application based on the attribute synthetic evaluation system / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore a way of determining the weights of variables in synthetic evaluation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Based on the attribute synthetic evaluation system, similarity weight was used to cluster and rank the atmospheric quality on 11 large cities.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Realized the classification and ranking for the atmospheric quality of the cities given, the results were almost comparable to that achieved by Topsis evaluation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method of comprehensive assessment using similarity weight in the attribute synthetic evaluation system seemed to be objective and rational. Not only it embodied the weights of variables involved, but also exploiting the information presented by the sample.</p>