The level of dental fear and anxiety is higher in children with both severe Molar-Incisor Hypomineralisation and active dental caries lesions compared to children without these conditions.

PURPOSE: To assess levels of dental fear and anxiety (DFA) in children with and without Molar-Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH) and dental caries lesions. METHODS: In this cross-sectional observational study, 159 children between 8 and 12 years of age were included. For the evaluation of DFA, children responded to the validated version of the Children's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale. MIH was assessed using the MIH Index. To evaluate the activity of dental caries lesions and dental caries experience, the Nyvad criterion and the dmft/DMFT index were used, respectively. Dental hypersensitivity was evaluated using air stimulation and a Visual Analogue Scale. The association between MIH and dental caries with DFA was assessed using the generalised linear model with Poisson family, identity link function and robust variance estimation. The significance level was set at 5%. RESULTS: The mean DFA score was 28.3 (SD = 13.4) with scores ranging from 15 to 64. Amongst children presenting both MIH and dental caries, the perception of DFA was notably higher compared to those with either MIH or dental caries alone. The activity of caries lesion in patients with MIH also influenced DFA levels (diff: 18.6; 95% CI: 12.0-25.2; p < 0.001). Dental caries experience in the primary dentition also demonstrated statistical significance concerning DFA (95% CI: 0.8-13.3; p value = 0.027). CONCLUSION: Children with MIH exhibit higher levels of DFA than children without MIH. The experience of dental caries and the activity of caries lesions significantly influence the perception of DFA in children with MIH.

First Look Into the Ambrosia Beetle-Fungus Symbiosis Present in Commercial Avocado Orchards in Michoacán, Mexico.

Most beetle-fungus symbioses do not represent a threat to agricultural and natural ecosystems; however, a few beetles are able to inoculate healthy hosts with disease-causing fungal symbionts. Here, we report the putative nutritional symbionts associated with five native species of ambrosia beetles colonizing commercial avocado trees in four locations in Michoacán. Knowing which beetles are present in the commercial orchards and the surrounding areas, as well as their fungal associates, is imperative for developing a realistic risk assessment and an effective monitoring system that allows for timely management actions. Phylogenetic analysis revealed five potentially new, previously undescribed species of Raffaelea, and three known species (R. arxi, R. brunnea, R. fusca). The genus Raffaelea was recovered from all the beetle species and across the different locations. Raffaelea lauricola (RL), which causes a deadly vascular fungal disease known as laurel wilt (LW) in Lauraceae species, including avocado, was not recovered. This study points to the imminent danger of native ambrosia beetles spreading RL if the pathogen is introduced to Mexico's avocado orchards or natural areas given that these beetles are associated with Raffaelea species and that lateral transfer of RL among ambrosia beetles in Florida suggests that the likelihood of this phenomenon increases when partners are phylogenetically close. Therefore, this study provides important information about the potential vectors of RL in Mexico and other avocado producing regions. Confirming beetle-fungal identities in these areas is especially important given the serious threat laurel wilt disease represents to the avocado industry in Mexico.

Molar-incisor hypomineralisation: an updated view for aetiology 20 years later.

BACKGROUND: The term Molar-Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH) was introduced in 2001 by Weerheijm, Jälevik and Alaluusua, and describes a defect of systemic origin that affects one to four first permanent molars, often associated with permanent incisors. In the past 20 years, this definition dictated the work regarding MIH prevalence, associated risk factors, association with dental caries, impact on quality of life, and therapeutic options. PURPOSE: In this report, we offer an updated and comprehensive view of MIH centred on the patient and the tooth. CONCLUSION: MIH today is globally recognized as a potential public health problem and it is not a defect of purely systemic origin but rather a condition with complex aetiology that in some instances may be the result of gene-environmental interactions.

Reparación Directa y Conflicto Armado Interno: la Constitucionalización de la Responsabilidad Extracontractual del Estado / Direct Reparation and Internal Armed Conflict: Constitutionalization of Tort Liability of the State / Reparação Direta e Conflito Armado Interno: a Constitucionalização da Responsabilidade Ilícita do Estado

Resumen Introducción: En materia de responsabilidad extracontractual del Estado, los procesos de reparación directa que se han derivado de hechos con ocasión al Conflicto Armado Interno, en adelante -CAI- han generado cambios en las categorías de protección que se han ido transformando especialmente desde que se reconoce la existencia del CAI. Objetivo: el principal objetivo de esta investigación está articulado a determinar cuáles son las condiciones que se han valorado por parte del Consejo de Estado para establecer la adecuación frente a los títulos de imputación y asimismo, las condiciones de interpretación de las categorías del daño antijurídico y la responsabilidad del Estado. Materiales y Métodos: El estudio fue delimitado a partir de la revisión documental de una elección aleatoria de sentencias del Consejo de Estado tomadas de forma no probabilística a través de las categorías de los títulos de imputación que se presentaron en una reconstrucción cronológica donde el eje referencia se contrastó en una dimensión analítica del reconocimiento del CAI. Resultados: el estudio evidenció cómo entre los diferentes títulos de imputación aplicables a hechos del CAI existen parámetros que evidencian una transición de omisión institucional que permitía un margen de la concepción del daño antijurídico en un sentido amplio, hacia un margen más limitado fundamentado en un desarrollo más riguroso del principio de legalidad. Conclusiones: La declaración del CAI tuvo una gran incidencia en la forma como se desarrolló la responsabilidad extracontractual del Estado, que al disponer de nuevas categorías de protección generó con ello más seguridad jurídica, pero, que a su vez limitó interpretaciones amplias del daño antijurídico.

Abstract Introduction: In matters of extracontractual liability of the State, the processes of direct reparation that have been derived from facts on the occasion of the CAI have generated changes in the categories of protection that have been transforming especially since the existence of the CAI is recognized. Objective: The main objective of this research is to determine which are the conditions that have been assessed by the Council of State to establish the adequacy of the title of imputation and the conditions of interpretation of the categories of antijuridical damage and the responsibility of the State. Materials and Methods: The study was delimited from the documentary review of a random selection of sentences of the Council of State taken in a non-probabilistic way through the categories of the titles of imputation that were presented in a chronological reconstruction where the reference axis was contrasted in an analytical dimension of the recognition of the CAI. Results: the study evidenced how among the different titles of imputation applicable to facts of the internal armed conflict there are parameters that evidence a transition from institutional omission that allowed a margin of the conception of the antijuridical damage wide towards a more limited margin based on a more rigorous development of the principle of legality. Conclusions: The declaration of the internal armed conflict had a great impact on the way tort liability was developed, which by providing new categories of protection generated more legal certainty but limited broad interpretations of tort.

Resumo Introdução: Em matéria de responsabilidade extracontratual do Estado, os processos de reparação direta que foram derivados de fatos por ocasião da CAI geraram mudanças nas categorias de proteção que têm se transformado especialmente desde que a existência da CAI foi reconhecida. Objetivo: O principal objetivo desta pesquisa é determinar as condições que foram avaliadas pelo Conselho de Estado para estabelecer a adequação do título de imputação e as condições de interpretação das categorias de danos antijurídicos e a responsabilidade do Estado. Materiais e Métodos: O estudo foi delimitado a partir da revisão documental de uma seleção aleatória de julgamentos do Conselho de Estado tomados de forma não-probabilística através das categorias dos títulos de imputação que foram apresentados em uma reconstrução cronológica onde o eixo de referência foi contrastado em uma dimensão analítica do reconhecimento do CAI. Resultados: o estudo evidenciou como entre os diferentes títulos de imputação aplicáveis aos fatos do conflito armado interno existem parâmetros que evidenciam uma transição da omissão institucional que permitiu uma margem ampla da concepção de dano anti-jurídico para uma margem mais limitada baseada em um desenvolvimento mais rigoroso do princípio da legalidade. Conclusões: A declaração do conflito armado interno teve um grande impacto na forma como a responsabilidade extracontratual foi desenvolvida, o que ao proporcionar novas categorias de proteção gerou maior segurança jurídica, mas limitou interpretações amplas dos danos não judiciais.

Aesthetic perception in children with molar incisor hypomineralization.

PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship between aesthetic perception and molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in schoolchildren aged 8-12 years. METHODS: The study included 467 pupils enrolled in elementary schools. Once authorization was received, the students were examined for DMFT and dmft indexes (WHO criteria), and for MIH (EAPD criteria). The aesthetic perceptions were verified by the Child Perceptions Questionnaire About Tooth Appearance (CQATA), a questionnaire divided into several items, including physical, psychological and social domains; perception about tooth pleasantness, tooth alignment, tooth discoloration and tooth health; and reported pleasant colour. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics, the Chi-square, the Mann-Whitney and the Kruskal-Wallis tests, and linear regression at a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS: The tooth health perception was worse when the child had MIH, and the tooth alignment and tooth discoloration perceptions, when MIH affected the incisors. The number of teeth affected by MIH was associated with higher averages in the tooth discoloration perception. CONCLUSIONS: Children with MIH showed more negative perceptions toward tooth health, tooth alignment and tooth discoloration. However, none of the clinically investigated variables negatively impacted the reported pleasant colour question.

Retrospective analysis of patients with advanced or metastatic gastric cancer in Colombia.

Aims: To assess patient and disease characteristics, treatment patterns, and associated costs in patients with advanced or metastatic gastric cancer (A/MGC) in Colombia, in both the public and private hospitals. Materials and methods: A total of 145 patients who had received first-line chemotherapy treatment (platinum analog and/or a fluoropyrimidine) and were followed for at least 3 months after the last administration of a first-line cytotoxic agent were eligible for inclusion. Case-report forms were elaborated based on the patients' medical records from three Colombian hospitals. Estimates of treatment costs were calculated using unit costs from the participating hospitals. Results: Of the 145 patients, more than half (64.83%) were male, 79.56% were diagnosed with metastatic stage IV disease (mean age = 58.14 years). Prior to MGC diagnosis, 31.71% of the patients being operated on received a total gastrectomy; 66.9% of the patients received a doublet therapy, of which 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in combination with cisplatin was the standard treatment (14%), followed by combination with leucovorin (12%). Only around 10% of the patients responded to first-line treatment. Out of 41.38% of the patients who received a second-line treatment, 71.67% were still administered a platinum analog and/or fluoropyrimidine. During the follow-up period, 52% of the patients progressed and 20% achieved stable disease. Best supportive care mostly consisted of outpatient visits after last line-therapy (72.41%), palliative radiotherapy (18.6%), and surgery (37.2%). Limitations and conclusions: Gastric cancer is one of the main causes of cancer-related death in Colombia, as most of the patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage, when prognosis is poor. Treatment patterns are highly heterogeneous. Second-line treatments were mostly initiated with paclitaxel, capecitabine, irinotecan, or cisplatin.

Molar Incisor Hypomineralization in Colombia: Prevalence, Severity and Associated Risk Factors.

Aim: To determine prevalence, severity, and risk factors associated with Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) in schoolchildren between 6 and 15 years of age in Medellin, Colombia. Study design: We conducted a retrospective observational study including 1.075 children born and residing in Medellin, Colombia. A structured questionnaire addressing gestational period and first three years of child's life was administered to biological mothers. Two calibrated examiners established MIH diagnosis following the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry criteria. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis, and linear regression with a 5% significance. Results: Study population was predominantly male (70.7%), average age was 9.3±1.9 years. Prevalence of MIH was 11,2%. The majority of defects (85%) were mild. MIH was associated with alterations during last gestational trimester, type of childbirth and respiratory problems. Conclusion. MIH prevalence in schoolchildren between 6 and 15 years of age was 11.2%, being mild defects more frequently found. MIH was associated with different factors during pregnancy and the first three years of life.

Enfermedad carcinoide cardiaca multivalvular / Multivalvular carcinoid heart disease

Hombre de 67 años de edad, enviado a valoración ecocardiográfica por cuadro clínico de 6 meses de evolución con: disnea de esfuerzo, edemas de miembros inferiores y fatiga. Se encuentra doble lesión de la válvula tricúspide con: estenosis e insuficiencia severa, insuficiencia pulmonar severa; y compromiso valvular izquierdo con: insuficiencia mitral y aórtica severas, asociadas a engrosamiento y rigidez valvular. El paciente tenía como antecedente tumor neuroendocrino de íleon, metastásico a pulmón e hígado. En este caso se discuten los hallazgos ecocardiográficos característicos del síndrome carcinoide con compromiso multivalvular como hallazgo inusual de este raro síndrome.

A 67 year-old man is sent to echocardiographic assessment for 6 month history of exertional: dyspnea, edema of the lower extremities, fatigue, double lesions in tricuspid valve with: severe stenosis and severe regurgitation, severe pulmonary valve regurgitation; and left side valvular disease with: severe aortic regurgitation and severe mitral regurgitation, all of them associated with valvular thickening, rigidity, in a patient with history of neuroendocrine tumor, with lung and liver metastases. This case discuss the echocardiographic findings suggestive of carcinoid multivalvular and left side valvular disease as unusual finding in this rare syndrome.

Proximal caries lesion detection in primary teeth: does this justify the association of diagnostic methods?

The aim of this clinical study was to evaluate and compare the performance of visual exam with use of the Nyvad criteria (visual examination - (VE)), interproximal radiography (BW), laser fluorescence device (DIAGNOdent Pen-DDPen), and their association in the diagnosis of proximal lesions in primary teeth. For this purpose, 45 children (n = 59 surfaces) of both sexes, aged between 5 and 9 years were selected, who presented healthy primary molars or primary molars with signs suggestive of the presence of caries lesions. The surfaces were clinically evaluated and coded according to the Nyvad criteria and immediately afterwards with the DDPen. Radiographic exam was performed only on the surfaces coded with Nyvad scores 2, 3, 5, or 6. Active caries lesions and/or those with discontinuous surfaces were restored, considering the depth of lesion as reference standard. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and area under ROC curve were calculated for each technique and its associations. Visual exam with Nyvad criteria presented the highest specificity, accuracy, and area under ROC curve values. The DDPen presented the highest sensitivity values. Association with one or more methods resulted in an increase in specificity. The performance of visual, radiographic, and DDpen exams and their associations were good; however, the clinical examination with the Nyvad criteria was sufficient for the diagnosis of interproximal lesions in primary teeth.

Molecular identification of Coccidioides immitis in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues from a Colombian patient.

Coccidioides immitis and C. posadasii are the etiologic agents of coccidioidomycosis, an endemic fungal disease of the Americas. In Colombia, this mycosis is uncommon, and only five cases, two of them imported, have been documented.By means of DNA sequencing, C. immitis was identified in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded archival tissues samples from the 5th Colombian patient diagnosed in 1997. The patient was born in Pinto, Department of Magdalena, and had never visited other geographic regions, a reason to consider that the mycosis had been acquired locally.This species is primarily found in California although it has been occasionally reported in other geographic areas such as Mexico and Brazil. This is the first indigenous report of C. immitis-associated coccidioidomycosis in a Colombian patient.

Assessment of a new infrared laser transillumination technology (808 nm) for the detection of occlusal caries-an in vitro study.

This study aimed to evaluate in vitro performance of near-infrared laser transillumination (NIR-LTI) for detecting early occlusal caries in permanent teeth and compare it with quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF), DIAGNOdent Pen (DDPen), and conventional radiography (CR). Ninety-four occlusal surfaces presenting International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) scores ranging from 0 to 3 were selected. For the NIR-LTI examination, images were captured using a prototype, which consists of a laser beam (808 nm) and an infrared CCD camera. One occlusal site on each tooth was assessed twice by two examiners. The teeth were prepared histologically and assessed for the presence of early caries. The intraexaminer correlation showed no difference between the NIR-LTI, DDPen, and QLF analytical methods, but all these methods differed from CR. Interexaminer reproducibility was moderate for NIR-LTI, which showed sensitivity (0.68), specificity (0.85), accuracy (0.73), and area under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve (0.76) similar to those of the fluorescence method and different from those of the CR. In conclusion, the performance of NIR-LTI was comparable to that of DDPen and QLF and may therefore be considered a valid and reliable alternative for the diagnosis of incipient lesions on the occlusal surface of permanent teeth.

Impacto del manejo de agroquímicos, parte alta de la microcuenca Chorro Hondo, Marinilla, 2011 / Impact by the handling of agrochemicals, top of the Chorro watershed Hondo, Marinilla, 2011

OBJETIVO: Determinar el impacto generado por el manejo de agroquímicos en la parte alta de la microcuenca Chorro Hondo en el municipio Marinilla, para el establecimiento de acciones que contribuyan al mejoramiento de la calidad de vida y del ambiente. METODOLOGIA: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal con análisis univariado y bivariado de encuestas a treinta y cinco campesinos en su respectivo predio y seis proveedores, observaciones directas en predios ubicados en los primeros dos mil metros de la microcuenca y muestras de agua, suelo y aire, donde se analizó la presencia de Clorotalonil y Mancozeb, ingredientes activos más comunes entre los agroquímicos utilizados. RESULTADOS : En los treinta y cinco predios, 86% de los campesinos realizaba alguna actividad agropecuaria y 74% aplicaba agroquímicos, asimismo el 58% conocía los riesgos asociados de los productos utilizados, destacándose la intoxicación (47%), el 42% no usaba traje especial y 31% consideraba que el agua estaba contaminada con agroquímicos. La concentración de los ingredientes activos en agua, aire y suelo fue menor del límite de detección de los métodos. DISCUSION:Marinilla presenta una problemática compleja en el manejo de agroquímicos; el Clorotalonil es cancerígeno y el Mancozeb tiene cancelada la licencia de venta; no se cumplen las condiciones básicas de almacenamiento de agroquímicos, transporte y disposición final de sus residuos; y no se utilizan adecuadamente los elementos de protección personal.

OBJECTIVE: to determine the impact generated by the use of agrochemicals in the upper area of the Chorro Hondo micro watershed in the municipality of Marinilla (Colombia)in order to develop measures contributing to environmental and quality of life improvement. METHODOLOGY: a cross sectional,descriptive study with a univariate and bivariate analysis of the survey sanswered by 6 suppliers and 35 farmers who were located in their respective agricultural lands. Additionally, the study included direct observations of the properties located within the first 2000 meters of the micro watershed. Likewise, water, soil and air samples were analyzed in search of Chlorothalonil and Mancozeb, the most common active ingredients of the agrochemicals used in this area. RESULTS :in all of the 35 properties, 86% of the farmers performed some kind of agricultural activity and 74% used agrochemicals.Similarly, 58% of the farmers knew the risks associated with the use of these products, intoxication being the most common(occurring in 47% of the individuals). Moreover, 42% did not use a special suit and 31% felt that the water was contaminated with agrochemicals. The concentration of the active ingredients in the water, air and soil was below the detection limit of the methods. DISCUSSION:Marinilla has a complex set of problems regarding agrochemical handling; Chlorothalonil is carcinogenic, and the sale license for Mancozeb has been canceled; the farmers do not meet the basic requirements for: agrochemical storage, transportation and waste disposal; finally,the farmer do not usethe appropriate personal protectiongear.

Efecto de la inclusión de una fuente de fibra dietaria sobre la degradación lipídica y proteica de un producto cárnico tipo hamburguesa / Effect of adition of plantain dietary fiber on lipid and protein spoilage in a hamburger-like meat product

A source of dietary fiber obtained from plantain peel (Musa AAB) was characterized in terms of dietary fiber, total phenols and antioxidant capacity in order to generate proposal for use of the byproducts of plantain agribusiness. Thereafter, the effect of the inclusion of the source of dietary fiber was evaluated at levels of0 g, 5.5 g, y 6.5 g (treatment) of adding source of dietary fiber /100 g in a hamburger-type meat product during a time period of 28 days (with sampling on days 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28) on lipid and protein spoilage in terms of malonaldehyde production per gram of meatproduct and volatile nitrogenous bases per 100 g of meat product. Treatments including dietary fiber had no significant effect on lipid degradation (p>0.05) while protein degradation had statistically significant differences (p<0.05), volatile nitrogenous bases values were lower on treatments with 5.5, y 6.5 g of adding source of dietary fiber /100 g in a hamburger. It is concluded that the high fiber source obtained from dietary plantain peels by applied process may be used to increase hamburger's dietary fiber level and to prevent protein degradation.

Con el objetivo de generar una propuesta de aprovechamiento de los subproductos de la agroindustria del plátano, en esta investigación se caracterizó una fuente de fibra dietaria obtenida a partir de cáscara de plátano (Musa AAB) en términos de fibra dietaria, fenoles totales y capacidad antioxidante; posteriormente se evaluó el efecto de la inclusión de la fuente de fibra dietaria a niveles de 0 g, 5,5 g, y 6,5 g de inclusión de la fuente de fibra dietaria /100 g de producto cárnico tipo hamburguesa (tratamientos) durante un periodo de tiempo de 28 días (con muestreos los días 0, 7, 14, 21 y 28) sobre la degradación lipídica y proteica en términos de producción de malonaldehído por gramo de producto cárnico (hamburguesa) y bases nitrogenadas volátiles por cada 100 g de producto cárnico tipo hamburguesa. Los tratamientos con inclusión de fibra dietaria no tuvieron efecto significativo sobre la degradación lipídica (p>0,05) mientras que en la degradación proteica sí se presentaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p<0,05) siendo menores los valores de bases nitrogenadas volátiles obtenidos de los tratamientos con 5,5 g, y 6,5 g de inclusión de la fuente de fibra dietaria /100 g de hamburguesa. Se concluye que la fuente de fibra dietaria obtenida a partir de cáscara de plátano mediante el proceso aplicado, puede utilizarse para aumentar el nivel de fibra dietaria en un producto cárnico tipo hamburguesa y para obtener un efecto protector sobre la fracción proteica del producto cárnico.

Selección y evaluación de un estabilizante integrado de gomas sobre las propiedades de calidad en mezclas para helado duro / Selection and evaluation of a stabilizer composed of rubbers on quality properties in mixtures for hard ice cream

Antecedentes: El mercado actual demanda helados con excelentes características de textura y cuerpo, las cuales, en conjunto con el sabor, determinan en gran medida la aceptabilidad de estos. En esta industria es marcada la tendencia hacia el uso de estabilizantes integrados, que potencializan sinergismos entre componentes, obteniendo productos finales de mejor calidad. Objetivos: En el presente trabajo se evalúa el efecto de la adición de una mezcla de goma de algarrobo, goma guar y goma karaya como agentes estabilizantes sobre algunas características de calidad (bromatológicas, sensoriales y de estabilidad) de helados de crema duros. Métodos: La investigación se desarrolla en dos etapas; en la primera de ellas se evalúa el efecto de las gomas individualmente (100%), en mezclas binarias (50:50 %) y en mezclas ternarias (33.3: 33.3: 33.3 %), aplicadas en un nivel del 0.3% (p/p) en el sistema mezcla de helado duro. En la segunda etapa, se evalúa el efecto del nivel de aplicación en la mezcla de helado duro, ensayando niveles de 0,3, 0,35 y 0,4% (p/p) de la mezcla 50% goma de algarrobo y 50% de goma guar, comparándola contra un testigo que tuvo un estabilizante comercial aplicado al 0,3% (p/p), lo cual originó cuatro tratamientos. Resultados: Con los resultados de la primera fase se realiza la determinación de la tixotropía, lo cual permitió establecer como mejores mezclas las correspondientes a la proporción 50% goma de algarrobo / 50% goma guar y la mezcla 100% de goma guar, de acuerdo con la metodología de superficie de respuesta. La relación final de precios permitió seleccionar la mezcla goma guar: goma de algarrobo para aplicación, sumado a que dicha combinación posibilitó evaluar comportamientos e interacciones como mezcla. En la segunda etapa los resultados arrojan que el helado formado por la mezcla 50% goma de algarrobo y 50% goma guar, presenta un menor porcentaje de derretimiento y un menor tiempo en la caída de la primera gota frente al testigo.

Cirugía extracassular de Cataratas con lente intraocular en un canino: reporte de csoo / Extracapslar Cattaract surgery with intraocular lens in a dog: a case report

El presente artículo expone el caso de Muñeco, un perro macho de 12 años de edad de raza poodle que presenta cataratas bilaterales desde hace cinco meses, perdiendo de manera progresiva su visión, hasta el punto que presentó ceguera total. Durante el examen clínico se encontró un paciente con soplo 3/6 de la válvula mitral, al que se le diagnosticó insuficiencia valvular mitral por endocardiosis valvular. En el examen oftalmológico se encontraron ambos ojos con epífora leve y cataratas seniles hipermaduras. Por tanto, el paciente fue intervenido quirúrgicamente para extraer la catarata y colocar en su lugar un lente intraocular, utilizando la técnica conocida como cirugía extracapsular de cataratas. Luego de esto, el paciente recuperó su capacidad visual después de llevar varios años con ceguera bilateral.

This article presents the case of Muñeco, a poodle, male; 12 years of age, which presents opaqueness in both eyes for five months, losing his vision progressively until reaching total blindness. During the clinical examination we found a patient with heart murmur 3/6 in mitral valve, diagnosed with mild mitral regurgitation secondary to valvular endocardiosis. In the ophthalmological examination we found mild bilateral epiphora, opacity of the crystalline lens and hyper mature senile Cataracts. The patient underwent surgery to remove the cataract and an intraocular lens was placed using a technique known as extracapsular cataract surgery. The patient recovered visual capacity after several years of being blind in both eyes.

Evolución de la capacidad antioxidante durante almacenamiento refrigerado de sistemas modelo de salchichas tipo frankfurt adicionadas con extracto de cereza (Prunus avium L. ) / Evolution of the antioxidant capacity of frankfurter sausage model systems with added cherry extract (Prunus avium L. ) during refrigerated storage

Con el objetivo de determinar la evolución de la capacidad antioxidante de sistemas modelo de salchichas Tipo Frankfurt adicionadas con extracto de cereza, se monitoreó el contenido de fenoles totales, antocianinas totales, el poder reductor y la actividad captadora de radicales, empleando los métodos de Folin Ciocalteu, pH diferencial, FRAP, ABTS y DPPH, respectivamente, durante dos meses de almacenamiento a4 ± 1ºC. Se aplicó un diseño factorial con dos factores (extracto de cereza y tiempo de almacenamiento) y se realizaron evaluaciones comparativas respecto a un producto testigo de igual formulación y proceso, pero sin inclusión del extracto y con presencia de ascorbato de sodio (0,05%). Los resultados mostraron que no existe diferencia significativa (p > 0,05) en el contenido de antocianinas totales para ninguna de las dosis de extracto en las salchichas; mientras que los fenoles totales, el poder reductor y la actividad captadora de radicales fueron significativamente mayores (p < 0,05) en las salchichas con extracto decereza (para las tres dosis), respecto a las salchichas testigo; además, el tiempo de almacenamiento fue significativo en todos los casos, mostrándose una disminución de todas las variables con el tiempo de almacenamiento.

Factores sociodemográficos y gestacionales asociados a la concentración de hemoglobina en embarazadas de la red hospitalaria pública de medellín / Sociodemographic and pregnancy aspects associated with hemoglobin concentration in pregnant women from public hospitals in medellín

Objective: To explore associations of sociodemographic and gestational factors with blood hemoglobin concentration. Methodology: Randomized sample of 336 pregnant women medical records from the Public Hospital Network in Medellín. Hemoglobin concentration, sociodemographic, and pregnancy data analyzed by Student T test, ANOVA and Pearsons correlation. Results: Average age of pregnant women was 24±6; 3.3%; 67.6% of them were high school graduates; 62.2% had permanent partners. Number of attendance to prenatal appointments was 6+1. Pregestacional weight was 54.4+8.2 kg; average hemoglobin concentration on the first trimester was 13.0±1.0 g/dl, 11.9±1.1 g/dl on the second, and 12.2±1.1 g/dl on the third. There was a significant difference in hemoglobin concentration based on pregestacional body mass index (BMI) (p=0,035), a significant correlation between first trimester hemoglobin concentration and pregestacional BMI (r=0.178, p=0.028), and also with third trimester hemoglobin concentration (r=0.356 andp=0.000). Conclusion: Pregestacional BMI was associated with hemoglobin concentration at the beginning and at the end of pregnancy.

Objetivo: Explorar la asociación de factores socio-demográficos y gestacionales con la concentración de hemoglobina. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo transversal en 336 embarazadas de la Red Hospitalaria Pública de Medellín, 2007; se obtuvieron datos socio-demográficos, gestacionales y hemoglobina. Para el análisis se utilizó T de Student, ANOVA y correlación de Pearson. Resultados: el promedio de edad fue 24±6 años, 67,6% había cursado secundaria, 62,2% tenía un compañero estable, la asistencia a los controles prenatales fue 6±1, peso pre-gestational: 54,4±8,2kg, hemoglobina: 13,0±1,0g/dL en el primer trimestre, 11,9±1,1 g/dL en segundo y 12,2±1,1 g/dL en tercero. Se encontró una diferencia significativa entre la hemoglobina por IMC pregestacional (p=0,035). La hemoglobina del primer trimestre correlacionó con el IMC pregestacional (r=0,178 y p=0,028) y con la hemoglobina del tercer trimestre (r=0,356 y p=0,000). Conclusión: El IMC pregestacional, se asoció con la concentración de hemoglobina del primer trimestre y correlacionó con la hemoglobina final de la gestación.

Agentes etiológicos de infecciones del tracto urinario y su resistencia a antibióticos en población pediátrica; Medellín, Colombia / Etiologic agents of urinary tract infections and their resistance to antibiotics in the pediatric population; Medellín, Colombia

Antecedentes: La infección urinaria es una de las causas más frecuentes de consulta en la población pediátrica. En la mayoría de los casos manejada empíricamente,siendo el Trimetoprim/sulfametoxazol el antibiótico más utilizado. El propósito de esta investigación es establecer la frecuencia de los diferentes agentes etiológicos causantes de infecciones del tracto urinario (ITU), su resistencia y sensibilidad a los antibióticos en población pediátrica. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un análisis retrospectivo de 180 historias clínicas de niños menores de 14 años que ingresaron a una unidad de segundo nivel de atenciónen salud, del Valle de Aburrá. Resultados: Escherichia coli causó el 52.0% de las ITU, seguida del Enterococcus sp(26%). La resistencia al Trimetoprim/Sulfametoxazol fue del 80%, seguida por Ampicilina(71.4%) y Ciprofloxacina (61.5%). Los antibióticos con mejor respuesta fueron laAmikacina (94.4%) y la nitrofurantoína (93.3%). Se estableció que existe una relaciónsignificativa (p=0.003; OR= 2.53) entre urocultivo positivo para E. coli y pacientes confiebre; el 6.11% de la población presentó malformación del tracto genitourinario. Conclusiones: Escherichia coli fue el agente más frecuente en infección del tractourinario, presentando alta resistencia al Trimetoprim/Sulfametoxazol. La malformación más frecuente fue el reflujo vesicoureteral principalmente en menores de dos años; además se mostró la importancia de conocer los datos epidemiológicos locales y el comportamiento de estas bacterias, para un adecuado manejo y seguimiento de niños con infección del tracto urinario...