[Attention to speed and guide traffic signs with eye movements]. / Atención a señales de velocidad y de orientación mediante movimientos oculares.

The goal of this research is to describe the visual search patterns for diverse traffic signs. Twelve drivers of both genders and different driving experience levels took part in real driving research with an instrumented car provided with an eye-tracking system. Looking at signs has a weak relation with speed reduction in cases where actual driving speed was higher. Nevertheless, among the people who looked at the sign, the percentage of those who reduce the speed below the limit is greater than of those who do not look at the sign. Guide traffic signs, particularly those mounted over the road, are more frequently glanced at than speed limit signs, with a glance duration of more than one second, in sequences of more than two consecutive fixations. Implications for driving and the possibilities and limitations of eye movement analysis for traffic sign research are discussed.

Atención a señales de velocidad y de orientación mediante movimientos oculares / Attention to speed and guide traffi c signs with eye movements

El objetivo de esta investigación es la descripción de los patrones de inspección visual a diferentes señales de circulación. Doce conductores de ambos sexos y variada experiencia colaboraron en la investigación de conducción real con un coche equipado con sistema de registro ocular. El hecho de mirar las señales guarda escasa relación con la disminución de la velocidad cuando ésta sobrepasa lo indicado en la señal. Sin embargo, entre los que miran la señal el porcentaje de los que reducen la velocidad por debajo de lo indicado en ella es mayor que entre los que no la miran. Las señales de orientación son miradas con más frecuencia que las de velocidad máxima, especialmente las situadas sobre la calzada, y en secuencias de más de dos fijaciones consecutivas por mirada, con una duración media por mirada de más de un segundo. Se discuten las implicaciones para la conducción y las posibilidades y limitaciones de la técnica del registro de movimientos oculares en la investigación de señales de circulación (AU)

The goal of this research is to describe the visual search patterns for diverse traffic signs. Twelve drivers of both genders and different driving experience levels took part in real driving research with an instrumented car provided with an eyetracking system. Looking at signs has a weak relation with speed reduction in cases where actual driving speed was higher. Nevertheless, among the people who looked at the sign, the percentage of those who reduce the speed below the limit is greater than of those who do not look at the sign. Guide traffic signs, particularly those mounted over the road, are more frequently glanced at than speed limit signs, with a glance duration of more than one second, in sequences of more than two consecutive fixations. Implications for driving and the possibilities and limitations of eye movement analysis for traffic sign research are discussed (AU)

Dependencia serial en la estimación del tiempo de llegada de un coche / Serial dependence of a car’s arrival time

Se ha estudiado el efecto secuencial para la estimación del tiempo de llegada de un coche a una meta. Cuarenta sujetos realizaron las estimaciones en dos condiciones experimentales: coche real y vídeo. El efecto secuencial ha sido analizado a partir de las autocorrelaciones de los residuos del ajuste a varios modelos de dependencia serial. Para cada modelo los datos se ajustaron a tres funciones: potencial, logarítmica y lineal. Los modelos que explican, en las dos condiciones experimentales, las variaciones sistemáticas de los datos son aquellos en que la respuesta (R) en el tiempo t es función del estímulo (E) en t y de E y R en t-1 y t-2. Se ha encontrado efecto de asimilación a las respuestas precedentes y de contraste a los estímulos previos

We have studied the sequential structure of data in the arrival- time estimations. Forty participants estimated the arrival-time of a vehicle under two experimental conditions: real car and video-image. Various time series regression models were fit to our data, and residuals autocorrelations were computed. For each serial-dependence model, data were fit to three functions, namely, power, logarithmic, and linear. In both experimental conditions, the response magnitude (R) on a given trial in t was a function of the stimulus intensity (S) in such a trial (t) and of the S and R on t-1 and t-2. Assimilation effect to the previous responses and contrast effect to the previous stimuli has been found

[Serial dependence in the estimation of a car's arrival time]. / Dependencia serial en la estimación del tiempo de llegada de un coche.

Serial dependence of a car's arrival time. We have studied the sequential structure of data in the arrival- time estimations. Forty participants estimated the arrival-time of a vehicle under two experimental conditions: real car and video-image. Various time series regression models were fit to our data, and residuals autocorrelations were computed. For each serial-dependence model, data were fit to three functions, namely, power, logarithmic, and linear. In both experimental conditions, the response magnitude (R) on a given trial in t was a function of the stimulus intensity (S) in such a trial (t) and of the S and R on t-1 and t-2. Assimilation effect to the previous responses and contrast effect to the previous stimuli has been found.