[Production of hydrolases by lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria and their antibiotic resistance].

It was demonstrated that bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria B. adolescentis and Lactobacillus sp. synthesized extracellular enzymes cleaving glycoside bonds in the molecules of dextran, pectic acid, and soluble starch. The maximal production of extracellular beta-galactosidase by B. adolescentis 91-BIM and 94-BIM at a rate of 0.08 and 0.03 U/mg h was observed during the exponential growth phase at 5 and 12 h of cultivation, respectively. The cultures of bifidobacteria retained 60-70% of beta-galactosidase and alpha-amylase activities after six months of storage. The bifidobacterium strains studied were resistant to amphotericin and aminoglycosides (gentamicin, kanamycin, and netromycin). The lactam antibiotics (ampicillin, benzylpenicillin, bicillin 3, bicillin 5, and carbenicillin), the preparations inhibiting protein synthesis at the level of ribosomes (lincomycin), RNA polymerase inhibitors (rifampin), cephalosporin, and Maxipime inhibited the growth of bifidobacteria. Rifampin, erythromycin, amphotericin, Maxipime, Fortum, doxycycline, levomycetin, streptomycin, and the aminoglycosides netromycin, gentamicin, and kanamycin did not have an effect on the growth of Lactobacillus sp., whereas semisynthetic derivatives of penicillin, carbenicillin and ampicillin, inhibited its growth as well as Oxamp and lincomycin. The lactam antibiotics benzylpenicillin, bicillin 3, and bicillin 5 inhibited the growth of lactic acid bacilli by 30-90%.

[Patterns of growth and beta-galactosidase production by bifidobacteria].

We investigated the patterns of growth and beta-galactosidase formation in the strains Bifidobacterium adolescentis GO-13, MS-42, 91-BIM, and 94-BIM, and B. bifidum No. 1, LVA-3, 791 on media with various carbon sources. The synthesis of beta-galactosidase was shown to be associated with exponential growth of the cultures involved. The maximum specific rate of beta-galactosidase synthesis of 0.20 U mg(-1) h(-1) was observed in B. bifidum LVA-3 after 3-6 h of cultivation. This value for B. adolescentis 91-BIM and 94-BIM was lower and amounted to 0.03-0.08 U mg(-1) h(-1). On the medium with lactose, the highest specific growth rates for B. bifidum LVA-3 and B. bifidum No.1 were 0.38 and 0.60 h(-1), respectively, after 3-6 h of cultivation. For B. adolescentis 91-BIM and 94-BIM, this parameter peaked at 12-15 h of cultivation at 0.13 and 0.22 h(-1), respectively. The hydrolytic activity of beta-galactosidase in the growth medium decreased during the stationary growth phase of the tested cultures.

[Inactivation of polygalacturonase in the process of growth of the yeast Saccharomyces pastorianus]. / Inaktivatsiia poligalakturonazy v protsesse rosta drozhzhei Saccharomyces pastorianus.

The effect of exogenous glucose addition on polygalacturonase (EC 3.2.1.15) activity in the culture medium of Saccharomyces pastorianus was studied. An rapid but transient decrease in the enzyme activity was observed after 9-12 h after adding glucose to the culture medium. This effect was not associated with protein degradation or modification in the spectrum of secreted proteins. Ethyl acetate appeared in the culture medium during this period.

[Production of the therapeutic and prophylactic preparation enterobifidin on the basis of Bifidobacterium adolescentis MC-42]. / Poluchenie lechebno-profilakticheskogo preparata énterobifidin na osnove Bifidobacterium adolescentis MC-42.

Production of Enterobifidin comprises preparation of culture media, reparation of lyophilized Bifidobacterium adolescentis MS-42 culture, preparation of starters, cultivation of bacteria in fermenters, biomass conservation, and its biological control. The preparation contains physiologically active bifidobacterium cells with high activities of growth (mu = 0.7 h-1, g = 1.0 h) and acid formation (titratable acidity is approximately 120-140 degrees T; acetate concentration, 0.50-0.75%; and lactate concentration, 0.33-0.50%). The antagonistic activity of these bacteria towards Escherichia coli 08, E. coli 086, E. coli 015, E. coli 0115, and E. coli 0101 amounts to 98.2;, to Proteus vulgaris 102, to 87.2; and Staphylococcus aureus 209p, to 83.2%. The bifidobacteria (with a titer of 10(9) CFU/ml) remained viable for two to five months.

[Isolation and characteristics of a protein-polysaccharide complex, secreted by Bifidobacterium adolescentis]. / Vydelenie i kharakteristika belkovo-polisakharidnogo kompleksa, sekretiruemogo Bifidobacterium adolescentis.

Extracellular fibrillar protein-polysaccharide complex (PPC) of Bifidobacterium adolescentis was found to be bound to the outer surface of the cell wall. However, at the late stages of B. adolescentis cultivation (48-72 h of growth), it also occurred in the culture liquid, which can be explained by the expansion of the outer material of the cell wall. PPCs isolated from the cell surface and culture liquid contained proteins and carbohydrates in a ratio of 1:1 and from 1:4 to 1:5, respectively. PPC exerted a concentration-dependent bifidogenic effect: it stimulated growth, acidogenesis, accumulation of extracellular proteins and enzymes, and sugar utilization in B. adolescentis cells grown in synthetic Eagle's medium. PPC also promoted the rehabilitation of anabiotic forms of B. adolescentis. The PPC variants III-DN-48 and IV-DN-24, isolated from the cell surface of B. adolescentis, had the most pronounced bifidogenic effect.

[Biological activity of the protein-polysaccharide complex secreted by Bifidobacterium adolescentis]. / Issledovanie biologicheskoi aktivnosti belkovo-polisakharidnogo kompleksa, sekretiruemogo Bifidobacterium adolescentis.

Extracellular protein-polysaccharide complex (PPC) of Bifidobacterium adolescentis stimulated growth, acidogenesis, accumulation of extracellular proteins and enzymes and the utilization of sugars in both physiologically active and anabiotic forms of B. adolescentis cultivated in rich nutrient media. The PPC variants III-DN-48 and IV-DN-24 isolated from the cell surface of B. adolescentis had the most pronounced bifidogenic effect. PPC promoted a quick and complete rehabitation of anabiotic bifidobacteria. The PPC variants III-DN-48 and IV-DN-24 were shown to be nontoxic for the population of Tetrahymena pyriformis W. Nor were they mutagenic or sensitizing. At the same time, PPCs showed pronounced adaptogenic and growth-promoting activities.