SURGICAL CORRECTION OF TRAUMATIC PATELLAR LUXATION IN AN EURASIAN LYNX (LYNX LYNX).

The aim of this report is to describe the successful surgical repair of a traumatic medial patellar luxation in a 4-yr-old female Eurasian lynx ( Lynx lynx ). The animal presented with hind limb lameness. Physical and radiographic examinations were performed under sedation. After diagnosing a medial patellar luxation, surgical repair was recommended. A combination of soft tissue reconstructive techniques was used to repair the medial patellar luxation. The limb was not immobilized postoperatively, but the animal was confined to a cage for 1 mo. The recovery was uneventful and return to normal activity was observed within 1 mo. Soft tissue reconstructive techniques can be used as the only surgical treatment for the repair of a traumatic patellar luxation in both domestic and wild animals.

Evaluation of a distractor to increase joint space of the stifle joint in dogs: a cadaveric study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the technical feasibility and efficacy of a joint distraction technique to increase the stifle joint space and assess potential soft tissue damage due to the distraction. METHODS: Twenty stifle joints of twelve canine cadavers without evidence of disease were radiographically evaluated by medio-lateral, cranio-caudal and varus-valgus stressed projections. Joint distraction was applied with loads from 40 N up to 200 N, and the joint space achieved was measured on radiographic images. Distraction plus distension with saline was subsequently applied and measured. Varus-valgus stressed projections were repeated after distraction to evaluate a potential increase in joint laxity. RESULTS: Distraction produced a significant increase of the joint space for most of the evaluated loads. Distraction plus distension produced a significant increase for most of the loads compared to the distraction alone. No ensuing joint laxity could be inferred from the post-distraction radiographic evaluation. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Stifle distraction produces an increase of the joint space, which is wider when intra-articular saline is injected. This may be potentially useful for improving joint structure visualization and facilitating arthroscopic procedures, thus reducing the potential for iatrogenic damage to intra-articular structures. No soft tissue damage could be inferred by radiographic pre- and post-procedure comparison. Further clinical studies are required to evaluate potential neurovascular complications.

Evaluation of traction stirrup distraction technique to increase the joint space of the shoulder joint in the dog: A cadaveric study.

The objective of this study was to evaluate technical feasibility and efficacy of a joint distraction technique by traction stirrup to facilitate shoulder arthroscopy and assess potential soft tissue damage. Twenty shoulders were evaluated radiographically before distraction. Distraction was applied with loads from 40 N up to 200 N, in 40 N increments, and the joint space was recorded at each step by radiographic images. The effects of joint flexion and intra-articular air injection at maximum load were evaluated. Radiographic evaluation was performed after distraction to evaluate ensuing joint laxity. Joint distraction by traction stirrup technique produces a significant increase in the joint space; an increase in joint laxity could not be inferred by standard and stress radiographs. However, further clinical studies are required to evaluate potential neurovascular complications. A wider joint space may be useful to facilitate arthroscopy, reducing the likelihood for iatrogenic damage to intra-articular structures.

Evaluation of a joint distractor to facilitate arthroscopy of the hip joint in dogs.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the technical feasibility and efficacy of a hip joint distraction technique, any potential ligamentous damage linked to the procedure, and the effect of joint venting on the maximum distraction achieved. METHODS: Twenty hip joints from 11 canine cadavers were evaluated radiographically by standard and stressed projections. Joint distraction was applied with loads from 40 up to 200 N, in 40 N increments, and fluoroscopic images were obtained at each load. At 200 N, a needle was inserted into the joint to achieve a venting effect, and the space was measured again. Standard and stressed radiographs were performed to evaluate potential laxity changes. RESULTS: Distraction caused a significant increase in joint space at each load of distraction, although there were some variations. Joint venting produced a significant increase in joint space. A statistically significant difference in joint laxity evaluated radiographically before and after the procedure was recorded. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Use of the distraction apparatus resulted in an increase in joint space. This could be useful for clinical situations where a larger joint space is required such as for arthroscopic procedures. However, loads in excess of 200 N may induce significant increases in joint laxity.

Evaluation of a joint distractor to facilitate arthroscopy of the tibio-tarsal joint in dogs.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the technical feasibility, efficacy and potential soft tissue damage of a joint distraction technique to facilitate arthroscopy of the tibio-tarsal joint and to test the effect of joint venting on the maximum distraction achieved. METHODS: Twenty hocks were preliminarily evaluated radiographically by standard and stressed projections. Joint distraction was applied with loads from 40 N up to 200 N, in 40 N increments, and radiographic images were obtained at each load. The effect of joint venting by an intra-articular needle was evaluated at the maximum load. Standard and stressed radiographs were repeated to evaluate potential laxity changes. RESULTS: Joint distraction caused a significant increase in the joint space at each load of distraction except for the 40 to 80 N load increase. Joint venting produced a significant increase in the joint space. No increase of joint laxity could be inferred from the postdistraction radiographic evaluation. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Hock distraction can be useful to facilitate arthroscopic procedures, increasing the joint space available for intra-articular manoeuvres. Further clinical studies are required to evaluate potential neurovascular complications.

[Nutritional aspects of attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder]. / Aspectos nutricionales en el trastorno por déficit de atención/hiperactividad.

INTRODUCTION: Attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder (ADHD) has received in the past years a lot of attention from the paediatrician's specialties. Even though the studies of its etiopathology have advanced, mainly the ones related with genetics and neuroimaging, the final cause today is still unclear. DEVELOPMENT: It has been related to many factors such as diet, like some allergies to additives, toxicity to heavy metals and other toxic substances from the environment, due to low protein diets with a high carbohydrate content, unbalanced minerals, essential fatty acids and phospholipid deficit, amino acid deficits, thyroid disorders, and vitamin B complex disorders and phytochemicals. The way our lifestyle has changed in general and the diet in particular nowadays is being considered as a hypothesis for many disorders and health problems, but what about ADHD? One of the changes that we want to emphasize is related to vegetable fat and oils that dominate human consumption and the reduction income of fatty acids from the omega-3 family, including alpha-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosapentaenoic acid. The fact is even worse when the amount of omega-6 increases and the ratio between both changes. CONCLUSIONS: It is a fact that these kinds of nutrients play an important role in the nervous system development. In this paper the essential fatty acids in neuropsychiatric disorders in general, ADHD in particular, is reviewed.

Aspectos nutricionales en el trastorno por déficit de atención/hiperactividad / Nutritional aspects of attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder

Introducción. El trastorno por déficit de atención/hiperactividad (TDAH) ha recibido en los últimos años gran atenciónpor parte de las especialidades pediátricas. A pesar de los avances en el conocimiento de su etiopatogenia, fundamentalmenterelacionados con la genética y la neuroimagen, su causa última todavía se desconoce. Desarrollo. El TDAH se ha relacionadocon multitud de factores, algunos concernientes a la dieta, como algunas alergias a aditivos, la toxicidad a metales pesadosy otros tóxicos ambientales, dietas bajas en proteínas con alto contenido en carbohidratos, desequilibrios minerales, déficitde ácidos grasos esenciales y fosfolípidos, déficit de aminoácidos, trastornos de tiroides y déficit del complejo vitamínico B y fitonutrientes.Los cambios en el estilo de vida en general y en la dieta se barajan como hipótesis de numerosos trastornos y problemasde salud, pero, ¿y para el TDAH? Uno de los cambios más destacables se da en las grasas vegetales y los aceites que hoydía dominan el consumo humano, ya que están desprovistos de lípidos de la familia de los ácidos grasos esenciales omega-3, comoácido alfa-linoleico, ácido eicosapentanoico y ácido docosahexanoico. Esto se ha podido agravar al aumentar las cantidadesde omega-6 y alterar la ratio entre ambos. Conclusiones. Está bien documentado que este tipo de nutrientes desempeña unpapel importante en el desarrollo, principalmente del sistema nervioso. Este trabajo revisa el papel de los ácidos grasos esencialesen los trastornos neuropsiquiátricos en general y en el TDAH en particular(AU)

Introduction. Attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder (ADHD) has received in the past years a lot of attention fromthe paediatrician’s specialties. Even though the studies of its etiopathology have advanced, mainly the ones related withgenetics and neuroimaging, the final cause today is still unclear. Development. It has been related to many factors such asdiet, like some allergies to additives, toxicity to heavy metals and other toxic substances from the environment, due to lowprotein diets with a high carbohydrate content, unbalanced minerals, essential fatty acids and phospholipid deficit, aminoacid deficits, thyroid disorders, and vitamin B complex disorders and phytochemicals. The way our lifestyle has changed ingeneral and the diet in particular nowadays is being considered as a hypothesis for many disorders and health problems, butwhat about ADHD? One of the changes that we want to emphasize is related to vegetable fat and oils that dominate humanconsumption and the reduction income of fatty acids from the omega-3 family, including alpha-linolenic acid,eicosapentaenoic acid and docosapentaenoic acid. The fact is even worse when the amount of omega-6 increases and the ratiobetween both changes. Conclusions. It is a fact that these kinds of nutrients play an important role in the nervous systemdevelopment. In this paper the essential fatty acids in neuropsychiatric disorders in general, ADHD in particular, is reviewed(AU)

Monitorización analítica de drogas de abuso en el medio hospitalario / Analytical monitoring of drugs of abuse in the hospital environment

Objetivos. Conocer qué clase de drogas de abuso son más consumidas por la población que acude a nuestro hospital situado en el área 4 de Madrid, qué tipo de policonsumo existe y cuál es el perfil de este tipo de pacientes. Metodología. Se realiza un estudio retrospectivo de todos los pacientes a los que durante el año 2002 se les solicitó un screening de drogas de abuso en orina. Los análisis se realizaron en el autoanalizador AxSym® de Abbott® por inmunoensayo de polarización de fluorescencia (FPIA). Resultados. El 55,1% de los pacientes remitidos a estudio (n = 357) fue positivo en alguna droga de abuso. De ellos, un 23,3% fue por cannabis, 16,2% por cocaína, 9% por anfetaminas y 6,7% por opiáceos. Un 12% de los pacientes era policonsumidor. La combinación más frecuente fue cocaína con opiáceos, seguido de cocaína con cannabis y cocaína con anfetaminas. El consumo de drogas fue más elevado en varones que en mujeres con la excepción de los opiáceos. En los menores de 30 años el consumo mayoritario fue de cannabis y cocaína, mientras que los opiáceos fueron más consumidos por mayores de 30 años. Las muestras analizadas procedían mayoritariamente de los servicios de Psiquiatría (35,6%), Urgencias (34%) e Infecciosas (11%). Aquellos pacientes en los que se confirmó su drogodependencia fueron derivados en su mayoría a centros de atención psiquiátrica especializada para su posterior seguimiento. Conclusión. En nuestro medio el policonsumo es habitual, debiendo tener en cuenta los datos poblacionales para ajustar las solicitudes

Objectives. A study was conducted in order to assess what kind of drugs of abuse are most commonly consumed by the population that comes to our hospital, located in Area 4 in Madrid, as well as policonsumption patterns and patient profiles. Material and methods. A retrospective study was conducted in all patients for whom, during the year 2002, a toxicological urine drug screen was requested. Analysis were made by fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) using Abbott's( AxSym( autoanalyzer. Results. 55.1% of the studied sample (n = 357) were positive for any of the drugs of abuse. Of these, 23.3% was due to cannabis, 16.2% to cocaine, 9% to amphetamines and 6.7% to opiates. Regarding policonsumption, 12% of the patients conformed this category. The most frequent combination was opiate and cocaine, followed by cocaine plus cannabis and cocaine plus amphetamines. Drug consumption was higher in males than in females except for opiate abuse which was equal for both. In patients uder 30 years old, main consumption was that of cannabis and cocaine, while opiates were consumed in higher proportions by patients over 30 years old. The origins of samples analyzed were primarly Psychiatry (35.6%), Emergency (34%) and Infectious Disease (11%) Departments. Patients for whom a drug dependence diagnosis was confirmed were referred, in most cases, to specialized psychiatry centres for follow up. Conclusion. Policonsumption is usual

Lingual calcinosis circumscripta in a dog.

Calcinosis circumscripta occurs rarely in dogs and cats, especially in the oral cavity. This case report describes the diagnosis and management of lingual calcinosis circumscripta in an eight-month-old, intact/male German shepherd-cross dog. An excellent prognosis for this disease may be achieved when the patient is managed as described in this report.