Complicaciones quirúrgicas precoces en el trasplante renal pediátrico / Early surgical complications in pediatric kidney transplantation

A pesar de los avances en la cirugía del trasplante renal, las complicaciones quirúrgicas continúan siendo una importante causa de morbilidad durante el periodo postrasplante inmediato. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la incidencia, diagnóstico y tratamiento de dichas complicaciones en población pediátrica sometida a un trasplante renal y comparar los resultados con los de otras series descritas en la literatura. Revisamos de forma retrospectiva los trasplantes renales realizados en nuestro centro en pacientes menores de 18 años en los últimos 10 años. Analizamos el diagnóstico, cronología, tratamiento y evolución de las complicaciones quirúrgicas durante el primer mes postrasplante. En 120 trasplantes revisados se produjeron 35 complicaciones quirúrgicas en 27 pacientes (22,5%). Como consecuencia de estas perdieron el injerto 9 pacientes (7,5%) con una mortalidad asociada nula. La incidencia de complicaciones vasculares y urológicas fue de 8,3$ y 6,6% respectivamente. Entre estas destacan por su morbilidad asociada la trombosis del injerto (4,1%), la estenosis de la arterial renal (1,6%), el pseudoaneurisma arterial (0,8%) y la fístula urinaria (5,0%). Los resultados obtenidos en nuestra serie muestran una incidenica de complicaciones quirúrgicas, pronóstico y supervivencia del injerto asociada a las mismas similares a los publicados en otras series de pacientes pediátricos. El trasplante renal pediátrico presenta una tasa de complicaciones quirúrgicas equiparables al realizado en población adulta, siendo una opción terapéutica segura y eficaz (AU)

Despite advances in renal transplantation surgery, surgical complications still remain an important cause of morbidity in the early postransplant period. The objective of this study is to describe incidence, diagnosis and treatment of these complications in pediatric transplanted population and compare our results to published data. A retrospective review of pediatric transplantations (younger than 18 years old) performed in our institution during the last ten years was designed. We analysed diagnosis, chronology, treatment and prognosis of surgical complications during the first postransplant month. Among 120 transplantations reviewed, 35 surgical complications were described in 27 patients (22,5%). Nine patients (7,5%) lost their graft due these complications, although there was no patient associated mortality. Incidence of vascular and urological complications was 8,3% and 6,6% respectively. The higher morbidity was associated with thrombosis of the allograft (4,1%), renal artery stenosis (1,6%), arterial pseudoaneurysm (0,8%) and urinary leakage (5.0%). Our results show an incidence of surgical complications, prognosis and graft survival related to the complications similar to published data in other series of pediatric patients. Pediatric renal transplantation is a safe and effective therapeutic modality, with an associated surgical complications rate similar to that described in adult transplanted population (AU)

Infección nosocomial del tracto urinario en niños críticos / Nosocomial urinary tract infection in critical pediatric patients

Objetivos: Determinar la densidad de incidencia, etiología y factores de riesgo de la infección de orina nosocomial (ITUn) en una UCIP de segundo nivel. Diseño: Estudio prospectivo descriptivo durante un periodo de 1 año que incluyó a 104 pacientes ingresados durante más de 48 h en nuestra UCIP. Se recogieron urocultivos diarios a los pacientes con sonda vesical hasta su retirada y cada 48 h a los no sondados hasta el alta. Ámbito: Unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos de segundo nivel. Pacientes: Se incluyó a todos los pacientes que ingresaron por más de 48 h en el año 2009. Se excluyó a los menores de 15 días y a los que presentaban una infección de orina o pielonefritisal ingreso o antes de las 48 h tras su ingreso. Resultados: Seis pacientes presentaron una ITUn (el 5,8% de los ingresos), con una densidad de incidencia de 5/1.000 pacientes/día y de 12,19/1.000 días de sonda. Se identificaron 4casos por Escherichia coli (uno, multirresistente) y 2 por Candida albicans. Los niños con ITUn tuvieron significativamente más antecedentes personales y mayor estancia que los niños sin infección y, aunque sin significación estadística, menor edad y mayor número de días con sonda. Conclusiones: Nuestra densidad de incidencia de infección de orina asociada a dispositivo es superior a la publicada; esto puede deberse, entre otras causas, a las características de los pacientes atendidos y al método exhaustivo empleado para su detección (AU)

Objective: To determine the incidence, etiology and risk factors of nosocomial urinary tractinfections (nUTI) in a second level Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU).Patients and methods: A prospective study of 104 patients admitted to the PICU with a length of stay of more than 48 hours was carried out over a one year period (January to December2009) to study the incidence and risk factors of nUTI. Urine samples were collected and cultured in all patients admitted for more than 48 hours to our PICU. Those needing indwelling urinary catheters had urine samples collected upon admission and every 24 hours until catheterretrieval, while those who did not need catheters had samples collected upon admission and every 48 hours until discharge from the PICU. Results: Six patients (5.8% of those admitted) were diagnosed of nUTI, with an incidence density of 5/1000 patients/day and 12.2/1000 catheterization days. Four of these were caused byE. coli (including a multiresistant strain), and two by C. albicans. Patients suffering nUTIs had significantly more relevant medical antecedents and a longer period of admittance than patients without nUTI. A statistically non significant tendency towards increased infection risk was also found in younger patients and in those who needed an indwelling catheter for longer periods. Conclusions: We found a higher incidence density of catheter associated nUTI than in other reports. This at least partially could be due to the characteristics of our patients, and to the exhaustive methodology used for detection (AU)

[Nosocomial urinary tract infection in critical pediatric patients]. / Infección nosocomial del tracto urinario en niños críticos.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence, etiology and risk factors of nosocomial urinary tract infections (nUTI) in a second level Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective study of 104 patients admitted to the PICU with a length of stay of more than 48 hours was carried out over a one year period (January to December 2009) to study the incidence and risk factors of nUTI. Urine samples were collected and cultured in all patients admitted for more than 48 hours to our PICU. Those needing indwelling urinary catheters had urine samples collected upon admission and every 24 hours until catheter retrieval, while those who did not need catheters had samples collected upon admission and every 48 hours until discharge from the PICU. RESULTS: Six patients (5.8% of those admitted) were diagnosed of nUTI, with an incidence density of 5/1000 patients/day and 12.2/1000 catheterization days. Four of these were caused by E. coli (including a multiresistant strain), and two by C. albicans. Patients suffering nUTIs had significantly more relevant medical antecedents and a longer period of admittance than patients without nUTI. A statistically nonsignificant tendency towards increased infection risk was also found in younger patients and in those who needed an indwelling catheter for longer periods. CONCLUSIONS: We found a higher incidence density of catheter associated nUTI than in other reports. This at least partially could be due to the characteristics of our patients, and to the exhaustive methodology used for detection.