Aftereffects in Epigenetic Age Related to Cognitive Decline and Inflammatory Markers in Healthcare Personnel with Post-COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Purpose: Epigenetic age and inflammatory markers have been proposed as indicators of severity and mortality in patients with COVID-19. Furthermore, they have been associated with the occurrence of neurological symptoms, psychiatric manifestations, and cognitive impairment. Therefore, we aimed to explore the possible associations between epigenetic age, neuropsychiatric manifestations and inflammatory markers (neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio [NLR], platelet-lymphocyte ratio [PLR], monocyte-lymphocyte ratio [MLR], and systemic immune-inflammation index [SII]) in healthcare personnel with post-COVID condition. Patients and Methods: We applied the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) tests to 51 Mexican healthcare workers with post-COVID-19 condition; we also estimated their epigenetic age using the PhenoAge calculator. Results: The participants had a post-COVID condition that lasted a median of 14 months (range: 1-20). High NLR (>1.73) had association with mild cognitive impairment by MMSE (p=0.013). Likewise, high MLR (>0.24) were associated with language domain in MOCA (p=0.046). Low PLR (<103.9) was also related to delayed recall in MOCA (p=0.040). Regarding comorbidities, hypertension was associated with SII (p=0.007), overweight with PLR (p=0.047) and alcoholism was associated with MLR (p=0.043). Interestingly, we observed associations of low PLR (<103.9) and low SII (<1.35) levels with increased duration of post-COVID condition (p=0.027, p=0.031). Likewise, increases in PhenoAge were associated with high levels of SII (OR=1.11, p=0.049), PLR (OR=1.12, p=0.035) and MLR (OR=1.12, p=0.030). Conclusion: We observed neurocognitive changes related to inflammatory markers and increases in epigenetic age in healthcare personnel with post-COVID-19 condition. Future research is required to assess mental and physical health in individuals with post-COVID-19 symptoms.

Prevalence of Poor Sleep Quality and Associated Factors in Individuals with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background and Objectives: Poor sleep quality has been frequently observed in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis. In the present study, we analyzed the presence of poor sleep quality in a sample of Mexican individuals with rheumatoid arthritis; then, we compared sociodemographic and clinical characteristics among patients to determine risk factors for poor sleep quality. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we included 102 individuals with rheumatoid arthritis from a hospital in Mexico. We evaluated disease activity (DAS28), quality of sleep using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and the presence of depression and anxiety with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. We performed a Chi-square test and a t-test. Then, we performed a logistic regressions model of the associated features in a univariable analysis. Results: Poor sleep quality was observed in 41.75% of the individuals with rheumatoid arthritis. Being married was a proactive factor (OR 0.04, 95% CI 0.1-0.9, p = 0.04), whereas having one's hips affected or presenting with anxiety and depression was associated with poor sleep quality (OR 4.6, 95% CI 1.2-17.69, p = 0.02). After a multivariate analysis, having anxiety (OR 5.0, 95% CI 1.4-17.7, p < 0.01) and depression (OR 9.2, 95% CI 1.0-8.1, p < 0.01) remained associated with a higher risk of having poor sleep quality. Other clinical characteristics among patients were not significantly different. Conclusions: Our results showed that individuals with rheumatoid arthritis who also presented with depression or anxiety had a higher risk of suffering from poor sleep quality. However, more studies with larger samples are necessary to replicate these results in the Mexican population.

Assessment of cognitive impairment and depressive signs in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin from Southeast Mexico: A cross-sectional study.

Multiple factors associate diabetes with cognitive impairment and depression. Antidiabetic drugs have reported antidepressant and pro-cognitive effects in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. Antidepressant and pro-cognitive effects of metformin are reported in various studies; however, these effects are not consistent among researches. We designed a cross-sectional study. We recruited patients with T2D diagnosis from the Diabetes Clinic of the Regional Hospital of High Specialty "Dr. Gustavo A. Rovirosa Pérez" from January 2019 to May 2022. We included 431 subjects with T2D, 374 patients with metformin treatment and 57 subjects without metformin. These patients were on intensive therapies and had not a previous diagnosis of cognitive impairment or depression. We applied Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) to evaluate cognitive impairment, and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) to assess depressive signs. Our sample had a mean age of 53.77 ± 13.43 years. Metformin users were 374 individuals, and 57 subjects didn't use metformin. MMSE found cognitive impairment in 8.3% (n = 31) of metformin users, and 14.8% (n = 8) of patients without metformin. HAM-D scale showed that 39.5% (n = 147) of patients with metformin had depression signs, subjects without metformin and depressive signs were 44.6% (n = 25). We found no differences between groups for cognitive impairment and depression grades. We did not find associations between metformin treatment, cognitive impairment measures and depression sign measures. However, chronic metformin treatment, insulin use, glycemic control and age could influence our results.

Identification and phenotypic characterization of patients with LADA in a population of southeast Mexico.

Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) has clinical and metabolic features of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. LADA does not have specific features for its diagnosis apart from autoantibody detection; however, these tests are not affordable in clinical settings. In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed clinical criteria, metabolic control, pharmacological treatment, and diabetic complications in two groups of patients with diabetes -LADA and T2D- in order to identify specific characteristic of these clinical entities. Finally, we evaluated if the estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR) and age at diagnosis of diabetes could be used as a diagnostic criterion for LADA. Demographic, biochemical, clinical and treatment were measured in 377 individuals with diabetes. The diagnostics of LADA were determined using Glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies levels. Chi-square test or t-Student test were used to establish differences between groups. To identify factors associated with LADA, a logistic regression analysis was used. Finally, a ROC curve was plotted to assess the possible variables as diagnostic criteria for LADA. The 377 patients with diabetes were separated into 59 patients with LADA and 318 patients with T2D. Patients with LADA showed lower fasting glucose values, fewer diabetic complications, younger age at diagnosis of diabetes, higher insulin use, and higher eGDR in comparison to patients with T2D. Both groups had a mean BMI classified as overweight. The ROC evaluated the sensitivity and specificity, this analysis indicated that an age younger than 40.5 years and an eGDR value higher than 9.75 mg/kg/min correlated better with LADA. These parameters could be useful to identify patients suspected to have LADA at the first level of medical care in the population of southeastern Mexico and refer them to a second level of care.

Telomere Shortening in Three Diabetes Mellitus Types in a Mexican Sample.

This study aimed to explore the role of telomere length in three different diabetes types: latent autoimmune diabetes of adulthood (LADA), latent autoimmune diabetes in the young (LADY), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A total of 115 patients were included, 72 (62.61%) had LADA, 30 (26.09%) had T2DM, and 13 (11.30%) had LADY. Telomere length was measured using real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction. For statistical analysis, we used the ANOVA test, X2 test, and the Mann-Whitney U test. Patients with T2DM had higher BMI compared to LADA and LADY groups, with a BMI average of 31.32 kg/m2 (p = 0.0235). While the LADA group had more patients with comorbidities, there was not a statistically significant difference (p = 0.3164, p = 0.3315, p = 0.3742 for each of the previously mentioned conditions). There was a difference between those patients with T2DM who took metformin plus any other oral antidiabetic agent and those who took metformin plus insulin, the ones who had longer telomeres. LADA patients had shorter telomeres compared to T2DM patients but not LADY patients. Furthermore, T2DM may have longer telomeres thanks to the protective effects of both metformin and insulin, despite the higher BMI in this group.

High Serum Levels of IL-6 Are Associated with Suicide Attempt but Not with High Lethality Suicide Attempts: A Preliminary Case-Control Study.

Suicide attempts are an emerging health problem around the world. Increased levels of IL-6 have been associated with suicidal behavior. Therefore, the aims of this study were to evaluate the serum levels of IL-6 in individuals with suicide attempts and a comparison group and to associate the IL-6 levels with the lethality of the suicide attempt. Additionally, we associated the rs2228145 polymorphism of the IL6R gene with suicide attempts or with the IL-6 serum levels. Suicide attempts and their lethality were evaluated using the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale. The serum concentrations of IL-6 were measured by the ELISA technique in individuals with suicide attempts and then compared to a control group. The rs2228145 polymorphism of the IL6R gene was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. We found elevated serum levels of IL-6 in the suicide attempt group when compared to the control group (F = 10.37, p = 0.002). However, we found no differences of the IL-6 levels between high and low lethality. The IL6R gene polymorphism rs2479409 was not associated with suicide attempts. Our data suggest that IL-6 serum is increased in individuals with suicide attempts.

Association Study among Comethylation Modules, Genetic Polymorphisms and Clinical Features in Mexican Teenagers with Eating Disorders: Preliminary Results.

Eating disorders are psychiatric disorders characterized by disturbed eating behaviors. They have a complex etiology in which genetic and environmental factors interact. Analyzing gene-environment interactions could help us to identify the mechanisms involved in the etiology of such conditions. For example, comethylation module analysis could detect the small effects of epigenetic interactions, reflecting the influence of environmental factors. We used MethylationEPIC and Psycharray microarrays to determine DNA methylation levels and genotype from 63 teenagers with eating disorders. We identified 11 comethylation modules in WGCNA (Weighted Gene Correlation Network Analysis) and correlated them with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and clinical features in our subjects. Two comethylation modules correlated with clinical features (BMI and height) in our sample and with SNPs associated with these phenotypes. One of these comethylation modules (yellow) correlated with BMI and rs10494217 polymorphism (associated with waist-hip ratio). Another module (black) was correlated with height, rs9349206, rs11761528, and rs17726787 SNPs; these polymorphisms were associated with height in previous GWAS. Our data suggest that genetic variations could alter epigenetics, and that these perturbations could be reflected as variations in clinical features.

Features of patients that died for COVID-19 in a hospital in the south of Mexico: A observational cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Due to the wide spread of SARS-CoV2 around the world, the risk of death in individuals with metabolic comorbidities has dangerously increased. Mexico has a high number of infected individuals and deaths by COVID-19 as well as an important burden of metabolic diseases; nevertheless, reports about features of Mexican individuals with COVID-19 are scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate demographic features, clinical characteristics and the pharmacological treatment of individuals who died by COVID-19 in the south of Mexico. METHODS: We performed an observational study including the information of 185 deceased individuals with confirmed diagnoses of COVID-19. Data were retrieved from medical records. Categorical data were expressed as proportions (%) and numerical data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Comorbidities and overlapping symptoms were plotted as Venn diagrams. Drug clusters were plotted as dendrograms. RESULTS: The mean age was 59.53 years. There was a male predominance (60.1%). The mean hospital stay was 4.75 ± 4.43 days. The most frequent symptoms were dyspnea (88.77%), fever (71.42%) and dry cough (64.28%). Present comorbidities included diabetes (60.63%), hypertension (59.57%) and obesity (43.61%). The main drugs used for treating COVID-19 were azithromycin (60.6%), hydroxychloroquine (53.0%) and oseltamivir (27.3%). CONCLUSIONS: Mexican individuals who died of COVID-19 had shorter hospital stays, higher frequency of shortness of breath, and higher prevalence of diabetes than individuals from other countries. Also, there was a high frequency of off-label use of drugs for their treatment.

Prevalence for and Factors Associated With Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Mexican Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: It has been suggested that patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) often present depression and anxiety. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms in Mexican patients with RA and to determine associated factors of depression and anxiety in this population. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study. We evaluated demographic characteristics, medical comorbidities, substance use, and disease characteristics in 103 patients with RA. Patients were enrolled from March 2016 to August 2017 The prevalence of depression and anxiety was estimated using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. We calculated the proportion of depression and anxiety symptoms and compared characteristics between groups. Finally, logistic regression model was used to determine the factors associated with depression and anxiety. RESULTS: Depression symptoms were present in 26.2% of patients, whereas anxiety symptoms were present in 16.5% of patients. Presence of hypertension was an associated factor with depression (odds ratio [OR], 3.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06-9.23; p = 0.03). Low socioeconomic (OR, 3.78; 95% CI, 1.39-10.28; p = 0.009) and high scores of 28-joint Disease Activity Score were associated with anxiety (OR, 3.19; 95% CI, 1.20-8.45; p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Factor related to socioeconomic conditions, comorbid medical conditions, and disease activity were related to the presence of clinical depression and anxiety in Mexican patients with RA, which may have a negative impact in the course and outcome of the disease. We suggest an early identification of depression and anxiety in these patients through an early psychiatric evaluation.

Prevalence and Associated Factors to Depression and Anxiety in Women with Premature Babies Hospitalized in a Neonatal Intensive-Care Unit in a Mexican Population.

PURPOSE: The aims of this study were to investigate the frequency of depression and anxiety in mothers of children hospitalized in a neonatal intensive care unit, and to determine the characteristics associated with depression and anxiety in a sample of Mexican mothers. METHOD: We studied 188 mothers who had premature babies in a neonatal intensive-care. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were collected through a face to face interview performed by professional staff. We assessed depression using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and clinical anxiety using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A). RESULTS: Clinical anxiety was reported in more than one-third of women (34.0%, n = 64) followed by depression (19.7%, n = 37), while twenty-six women reported both significant depression and anxiety (13.8%). Women with both clinical symptoms were younger, they were more frequently students and were living within extended families. Women who presented only symptoms of depression reported lower educational level (elementary school 29.7%, n = 11). CONCLUSION: Our results show a high incidence of anxiety, depression, and both emotional disorders in Mexican mothers of premature babies hospitalized in a neonatal intensive care unit. Demographic features such as occupation or age may impact the occurrence and severity of joint symptoms of depression and anxiety which should be monitored by the health team and referred to a mental health service.

Melanin granules melanophages and a fully-melanized epidermis are common traits of odontocete and mysticete cetaceans.

BACKGROUND: The cellular mechanisms used to counteract or limit damage caused by exposure of marine vertebrates to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation are poorly understood. Cetaceans are vulnerable because they lack protective skin appendages and are obliged to surface continuously to breathe, thus being exposed repeatedly to UV light. Although molecular mechanisms of photoprotection of cetaceans have been studied, there is limited knowledge about their epidermal structure and photoprotective effectors. OBJECTIVE: To describe and compare the epidermis of mysticete and odontocete cetaceans and identify potentially photoprotective traits. ANIMALS: Twenty eight free-living individuals belonging to six cetacean species were sampled in the Mexican Central Pacific and Gulf of California. Species sampled were the bottlenose dolphin, pantropical spotted dolphin, spinner dolphin, Bryde's whale, fin whale and humpback whale. METHODS: Histological and cytological evaluation of skin biopsy tissue collected in the field between 2014 and 2016. RESULTS: All cetaceans had only three epidermal layers, lacking both the stratum granulosum and stratum lucidum. A relatively thick stratum corneum with a parakeratosis-like morphology was noted. Melanin was observed within keratinocytes in all epidermal layers, including the stratum corneum and apical melanin granules obscured the keratinocyte nucleus. Keratinocytes had a perinuclear halo. Keratinocyte diameter differed between cetacean suborders and amongst species. Melanophage clusters were common in most cetacean species. CONCLUSIONS: The widespread presence of melanin and the unexpectedly high number of melanophages may constitute a unique photoprotective trait of cetaceans and could reflect primitive adaptations to their environment and to their obligate marine-bound life.

Transformation of the genital epithelial tract occurs early in California sea lion development.

An unusually high prevalence of metastatic urogenital carcinoma has been observed in free-ranging California sea lions stranded off the coast of California in the past two decades. No cases have been reported for sea lions in the relatively unpolluted Gulf of California. We investigated occurrence of genital epithelial transformation in 60 sea lions (n=57 pups and 3 adult females) from the Gulf of California and examined whether infection by a viral pathogen previously found to be associated with urogenital carcinoma accounted for such alterations. We also explored the contribution of MHC class II gene expression on transformation. Cellular alterations, such as squamous cell atypia (ASC), atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions were observed in 42% of the pups and in 67% of the adult females. Normal genital epithelium was more common in male than female pups. ASC was five times more likely to occur in older pups. Epithelial alterations were unrelated to infection by the potentially oncogenic otarine type I gammaherpesvirus (OtHV-1), but ASCUS was more common in pups with marked and severe inflammation. Expression of MHC class II DRB loci (Zaca DRB-D) by peripheral antigen-presenting leucocytes showed a slightly 'protective' effect for ASC. We propose that transformation of the California sea lion genital epithelium is relatively common in young animals, increases with age and is probably the result of infection by an unidentified pathogen. Expression of a specific MHC class II gene, suggestive of presentation of specific antigenic peptides to immune effectors, appears to lower the risk of transformation. Our study provides the first evidence that epithelial transformation of the California sea lion genital tract is relatively common, even from an early age, and raises questions regarding differences in sea lion cancer-detection and -repair success between geographical regions.

Características clínicas y anátomo-patológicas de las pacientes sometidas a biopsia endometrial en el Hospital III Suárez Angamos - EsSalud 2013 / Clinical and anatomo-pathological characteristics of patients undergoing endometrial biopsy at the Hospital III Suarez Angamos - EsSalud 2013

Objetivo: Determinar las características clínicas y anátomo-patológicas de las pacientes sometidas a biopsia endometrial en el Hospital III Suárez Angamos-EsSalud 2013. Metodología: Estudio observacional de tipo descriptivo, prospectivo de corte transversal, realizado en el Hospital III Suárez Angamos-EsSalud 2013, la muestra fue probabilística, donde participaron 215 pacientes sometidas a biopsia endometrial previa autorización con el consentimiento informado. Para el análisis descriptivo de variables cuantitativas se empleó medidas de tendencia central y de dispersión, y para las variables cualitativas se empleó frecuencias absolutas y relativas (porcentaje). Resultados: Las pacientes sometidas a biopsia endometrial en el Hospital III Suárez Angamos (EsSalud), tenían como características sociodemográficas las siguientes: el promedio de edad fue 50.7 ± 12.3 años, donde 55.8 por ciento fluctuaba entre 30 a 49 años, en el 58.6 por ciento el estado civil fue casada, el 40 por ciento procedían de San Juan de Miraflores y el 34 por ciento de Chorrillos, el 54.4 por ciento fueron amas de casa. Entre las características y antecedentes gíneco-obstétricos, el 40 por ciento fueron tercigestas y 20 por ciento multigestas, el 46.5 por ciento fueron multíparas, el 39.5 por ciento tuvo de un aborto a más, menos del 40 por ciento tuvieron abortos, en el 56.7 por ciento la edad de la primera menstruación fue de los 15 años a más, en el 34 por ciento el flujo menstrual fue normal y el 7.4 por ciento tuvo hipermenorrea, solo el 12.6 por ciento utilizaron métodos anticonceptivos hormonales. Además el 46.5 por ciento ya habían pasado la menopausia. Los antecedentes patológicos más frecuentes encontrados fueron la miomatosis (72.6 por ciento), hiperplasia endometrial (14.9 por ciento), Infertilidad (14.9 por ciento) y ovarios poliquísticos (13.5 por ciento). Sobre las manifestaciones clínicas observadas, el 67 por ciento presentó sangrado vaginal, 39.1 por ciento tuvo...

Objective: To determine Clinical and Anatomical-Pathological characteristics of patients undergoing Endometrial Biopsy in Hospital III Suarez Angamos-EsSalud 2013. Methodology: Observational, descriptive, prospective cross-sectional study, conducted in Hospital III Suarez Angamos-EsSalud 2013, the sample was probabilistic, attended 215 patients undergoing endometrial biopsy prior authorization with informed consent. For the descriptive analysis of quantitative variables, measures of central tendency and dispersion were used; and for qualitative variables, absolute and relative frequencies (percentage). Results: Patients undergoing endometrial biopsy in Suarez Angamos Hospital III (EsSalud) had as sociodemographic characteristics the following: the mean age was 50.7 ± 12.3 years, where 55.8 per cent ranged between 30 to 49 years, married marital status, 40 per cent carne from San Juan de Miraflores and 34 per cent from Chorrillos, and 54.4 per cent were housewives. Among the characteristics and gynecological and obstetric history, 40 per cent were third pregnancy and 20 per cent multiparous, 46.5 per cent were multiparous, 39.5 per cent had an abortion or more, less than 40 per cent had abortions, in 56.7 per cent the age at menarche was 15 years or more, in 34 per cent the menstrual flow was normal and 7.4 per cent had menorrhagia, only 12.6 per cent used hormonal contraception. In addition, 46.5 per cent had already gone through menopause. The most frequent medical histories were: myomatosis (72.6 per cent), endometrial hyperplasia (14.9 per cent), infertility (14.9 per cent) and polycystic ovaries (13.5 per cent). About clinical manifestations observed, 67 per cent had vaginal bleeding, 39.1 per cent had pelvic pain, 20.9 per cent had dyspareunia and only 6.5 per cent had endometrial polyp; between the previous diagnostic to biopsy, it was found endometrial hyperplasia in 40.5 per cent, followed by uterine myomatosis in 14.4 per cent. The anatomical...

Cirugía de revascularización miocárdica con y sin circulación extra corpórea / Myocardial revascularization surgery with and without extra-corporeal circulation

Introducción: Es controvertida la ventaja de la cirugía de revascularización miocárdica sin circulación extracorpórea. Objetivo: Comparar variables de evolución en cirugía de revascularización miocárdica (CRM) con y sin circulación extracorpórea. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo observacional analítico. Fueron incluidos pacientes sometidos a CRM en el Hospital San Juan de Dios de La Plata desde el 1º de abril de 2000 al 30 de marzo de 2008 (n = 142). Criterios de exclusión: urgencia y edad > 70 años. Registro de variables independientes: edad (p = 0,63), género (p = 0,42), experiencia del cirujano (p = 0,08), diabetes (p = 0,98), glucemia (p = 0,14)

Introduction: The advantage of off-pump versus on-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CRM) is in dispute. Objective: To compare the outcome of off-pump and on-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Materials and methods: Retrospective observational analytical study. Our study included 142 patients who underwent CRM at the Hospital San Juan de Dios in La Plata between April 1, 2007 and March 30, 2008. Exclusion criteria: urgency and age >70 years. Register of independent variables: age (p = 0,63), gender (p = 0,42), surgeons experience (CX) (p = 0,08), diabetes (p = 0,98), glycemia (p = 0,14) and lactacidemia (p = 0,21) on admission to operating room, and ASA (p = 0,001). Outcome variables: glycaemia and lactacidemia at the end of surgery (LE), inotropic support time, mechanical ventilation (MV) time; postoperative hospital stay (EP); re-operation and mortality. Database EPI-Info 6.0. Statistical analysis: To compare the difference between groups: squared Ji was used and the Kruskal-Wallis test to compare numeric variables between the groups. A p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: 116 patients with cardiopulmonary by-pass (OC) and 26 without it (CE). Complicated postoperative evolution was observed in one pump CRM: hyperglycemia (p = 0.0001) and hyperlactacidemia (p = 0.0001) at the end of the surgery, higher inotropic time support (p = 0.0001) and mortality (p = 0.04). However in the analysis of the sample, the ASA Score and the number of grafts have statistical significance; this precludes hazarding definitive conclusions.(AU)

IntroduþÒo: Existem controvérsias sobre a vantagem da cirurgia de revascularizaþÒo miocárdica sem circulaþÒo extracorpórea. Objetivo: Comparar variáveis de evoluþÒo nas cirurgias de revascularizaþÒo miocárdica (CRM) com e sem circulaþÒo extracorpórea. Material e métodos: Estudo retrospectivo observacional analítico. Foram incluídos pacientes submetidos a CRM no Hospital San Juan de Dios de La Plata entre 1º de abril de 2007 e 30 de marþo de 2008 (n = 142). Critérios de exclusÒo: urgÛncia e idade > 70 anos. Registro de variáveis independentes: idade (p = 0,63), genero (p = 0,42), experiencia do cirurgiÒo (p = 0,08), diabetes (p = 0,98), glicemia (p = 0,14) e

Cirugía de revascularización miocárdica con y sin circulación extra corpórea / Myocardial revascularization surgery with and without extra-corporeal circulation

Introducción: Es controvertida la ventaja de la cirugía de revascularización miocárdica sin circulación extracorpórea. Objetivo: Comparar variables de evolución en cirugía de revascularización miocárdica (CRM) con y sin circulación extracorpórea. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo observacional analítico. Fueron incluidos pacientes sometidos a CRM en el Hospital San Juan de Dios de La Plata desde el 1° de abril de 2000 al 30 de marzo de 2008 (n = 142). Criterios de exclusión: urgencia y edad > 70 años. Registro de variables independientes: edad (p = 0,63), género (p = 0,42), experiencia del cirujano (p = 0,08), diabetes (p = 0,98), glucemia (p = 0,14) y lactacidemia (p = 21) al ingreso al quirófano, y ASA (p = 0,001) y número de puentes (p = 0,001). Variables de resultado: tiempo de apoyo inotrópico (AI), tiempo de ventilación mecánica (VM), estancia posoperatoria (EP), reoperación y mortalidad. Base de datos EPI-Info 6.0. Análisis estadístico: para comparar diferencias entre los grupos se utilizó ji al cuadrado, y para comparar variables numéricas entre los grupos, el test de Kruskal-Wallis. Se consideró significativa una p < 0,05. Resultados: 116 pacientes con derivación cardiopulmonar (DC) y 26 sin derivación cardiopulmonar. Se observó una evolución posoperatoria complicada en los casos de DC: hiperglucemia (p = 0,0001) e hiperlactacidemia (p = 0,0001) de egreso, mayor tiempo de apoyo inotrópico (p = 0,0001) y mortalidad (p = 0,04). Sin embargo, en el análisis de composición de la muestra, son significativos la puntuación ASA y el número de puentes, lo cual impide arriesgar conclusiones definitivas.

Introduction: The advantage of off-pump versus on-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CRM) is in dispute. Objective: To compare the outcome of off-pump and on-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Materials and methods: Retrospective observational analytical study. Our study included 142 patients who underwent CRM at the Hospital San Juan de Dios in La Plata between April 1, 2007 and March 30, 2008. Exclusion criteria: urgency and age >70 years. Register of independent variables: age (p = 0,63), gender (p = 0,42), surgeon's experience (CX) (p = 0,08), diabetes (p = 0,98), glycemia (p = 0,14) and lactacidemia (p = 0,21) on admission to operating room, and ASA (p = 0,001). Outcome variables: glycaemia and lactacidemia at the end of surgery (LE), inotropic support time, mechanical ventilation (MV) time; postoperative hospital stay (EP); re-operation and mortality. Database EPI-Info 6.0. Statistical analysis: To compare the difference between groups: squared Ji was used and the Kruskal-Wallis test to compare numeric variables between the groups. A p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: 116 patients with cardiopulmonary by-pass (OC) and 26 without it (CE). Complicated postoperative evolution was observed in one pump CRM: hyperglycemia (p = 0.0001) and hyperlactacidemia (p = 0.0001) at the end of the surgery, higher inotropic time support (p = 0.0001) and mortality (p = 0.04). However in the analysis of the sample, the ASA Score and the number of grafts have statistical significance; this precludes hazarding definitive conclusions.

Introdução: Existem controvérsias sobre a vantagem da cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica sem circulação extracorpórea. Objetivo: Comparar variáveis de evolução nas cirurgias de revascularização miocárdica (CRM) com e sem circulação extracorpórea. Material e métodos: Estudo retrospectivo observacional analítico. Foram incluídos pacientes submetidos a CRM no Hospital San Juan de Dios de La Plata entre 1° de abril de 2007 e 30 de março de 2008 (n = 142). Critérios de exclusão: urgência e idade > 70 anos. Registro de variáveis independentes: idade (p = 0,63), genero (p = 0,42), experiencia do cirurgião (p = 0,08), diabetes (p = 0,98), glicemia (p = 0,14) e lactacidemia (p = 21), ao ingresso no quirófano, e ASA (p = 0.001) e número de pontes (p = 0,001). Variáveis de resultado: tempo de suporte inotrópico (AI), tempo de ventilação mecânica (VM), permanência hospitalar (EP), reoperação e óbitos. Base de dados EPI-Info 6.0. Análise estatística: foram utilizados, chi-quadrado para comparar diferenças entre os grupos, e o teste de Kruskal-Wallis para comparar variáveis numéricas entre os grupos; considerou-se significativa p < 0,05. Resultados: 116 pacientes com derivação cardiopulmonar (OC) e 26 sem derivação cardiopulmonar. Foi observada evolução pós-operatória complicada nos casos de DC: hiperglicemia (p = 0,0001) e hiperlactacidemia (p = 0,0001) de egresso, maior tempo de suporte inotrópico (p = 0,0001) e mortalidade (p = 0,04). Contudo, na análise de composição da amostra, sáo significativos o escore ASA e o número de pontes, o qual impede tirar conclusões definitivas.

Cirugía de revascularización miocárdica: predictores de evolución / Myocardial revascularization surgery: evolution predictors

Introducción: El objetivo buscado en esta investigación científica es identificar los factores relacionados con la evolución posoperatoria en pacientes que se someten a cirugía de revascularización miocárdica (CRM) con circulación extracorpórea (CPB). Objetivo: Identificar los factores relacionados con la evolución posoperatoria en pacientes que se someten a cirugía de revascularización miocárdica (CRM) con circulación extracorpórea (CPB). Material y métodos: Diseño: estudio retrospectivo observacional analítico. Sujetos: Se incluyeron pacientes sometidos a CRM con CPB en el Hospital San Juan de Dios de La Plata, desde el 01/04/07 al 30/03/08. Se excluyeron los pacientes > 70 años y las urgencias. Se registraron como variables independientes: edad; sexo; ASA; experiencia del cirujano; diabetes; glucemias basal y de egreso; lactacidemias basal y de egreso; minutos de clampeo aórtico (XCL) y minutos al destete de CPB. Las variables de resultado fueron: horas de apoyo inotrópico (1); horas de ventilación mecánica (VM); días de estancia posoperatoria (EH) y mortalidad. Las comparaciones de porcentajes se realizaron con la prueba exacta de Fisher a una cola. Para comparar variables cuantitativas se utilizó prueba de Mann-Whitney. Resultados: Se analizaron los datos de 116 pacientes, de los cuales 15 fallecieron (12,93 por ciento). Conclusiones: Se observó peor evolución posoperatoria en mujeres en las que la CPB fue mayor que 90 minutos, en pacientes con valores de glucemia > 130 mg/dl y en aquellos con lactacidemia de egreso > 4 mmol/l. Los pacientes con ASA IV requirieron inotrópicos por más tiempo. (AU)

Introduction: To identify factors associated with postoperative evolution in patients undergoing myocardial revascularization surgery (CRM) with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Materials and methods: Retrospective analytical observational study. Patients undergoing CRM with CPB between 01/04/07 and 30/03/08. Exclusions: patients > 70 years and emergencies. Registered independent variables: age, gender, ASA; surgeons experience; diabetes; basal and end-of-surgery glycaemia and lactacidemia levels, aortic cross clamping time, CPB time and weaning time. Variable result: inotropic support (1) time, mechanical ventilation (VM) time; hospital postoperative stay (EPOP) and mortality. Percentage comparisons: Fisher exact test to a queue, quantitative variables: Mann-Whitney test. Results: Data Analysis of 116 patients, 12.93 per cent of whom died. Conclusions: complicated outcome in women, > 90 CPB in patients with blood glucose > 130 mg/dl and lactacidemia > 4mmol/l at end of surgery. ASA IV patients required more inotropic time. (AU)

IntroduþÒo: O objetivo buscado nesta investigaþÒo científica é identificar os fatores relacionados com a evoluþÒo pós-operatória de pacientes submetidos a cirurgia de revascularizaþÒo miocárdica (CRM) com circulaþÒo extracorpórea (CPB). Material e métodos: Desenho: estudo retrospectivo observacional analítico. Sujeitos: Foram incluídos pacientes submetidos a CRM com CPB no Hospital San Juan de Dios de La Plata no período de 1º de abril de 2007 a 30 de marþo de 2008, e excluídos os pacientes > 70 anos e as urgÛncias. Registraram-se como variáveis independentes: idade; sexo; ASA; experiÛncia do cirurgiÒo; diabetes; glicemias basal e de egresso; lactacidemias basal e de egresso;

Cirugía de revascularización miocárdica: predictores de evolución / Myocardial revascularization surgery: evolution predictors

Introducción: El objetivo buscado en esta investigación científica es identificar los factores relacionados con la evolución posoperatoria en pacientes que se someten a cirugía de revascularización miocárdica (CRM) con circulación extracorpórea (CPB). Objetivo: Identificar los factores relacionados con la evolución posoperatoria en pacientes que se someten a cirugía de revascularización miocárdica (CRM) con circulación extracorpórea (CPB). Material y métodos: Diseño: estudio retrospectivo observacional analítico. Sujetos: Se incluyeron pacientes sometidos a CRM con CPB en el Hospital San Juan de Dios de La Plata, desde el 01/04/07 al 30/03/08. Se excluyeron los pacientes > 70 años y las urgencias. Se registraron como variables independientes: edad; sexo; ASA; experiencia del cirujano; diabetes; glucemias basal y de egreso; lactacidemias basal y de egreso; minutos de clampeo aórtico (XCL) y minutos al destete de CPB. Las variables de resultado fueron: horas de apoyo inotrópico (1); horas de ventilación mecánica (VM); días de estancia posoperatoria (EH) y mortalidad. Las comparaciones de porcentajes se realizaron con la prueba exacta de Fisher a una cola. Para comparar variables cuantitativas se utilizó prueba de Mann-Whitney. Resultados: Se analizaron los datos de 116 pacientes, de los cuales 15 fallecieron (12,93 por ciento). Conclusiones: Se observó peor evolución posoperatoria en mujeres en las que la CPB fue mayor que 90 minutos, en pacientes con valores de glucemia > 130 mg/dl y en aquellos con lactacidemia de egreso > 4 mmol/l. Los pacientes con ASA IV requirieron inotrópicos por más tiempo.

Introduction: To identify factors associated with postoperative evolution in patients undergoing myocardial revascularization surgery (CRM) with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Materials and methods: Retrospective analytical observational study. Patients undergoing CRM with CPB between 01/04/07 and 30/03/08. Exclusions: patients > 70 years and emergencies. Registered independent variables: age, gender, ASA; surgeon's experience; diabetes; basal and end-of-surgery glycaemia and lactacidemia levels, aortic cross clamping time, CPB time and weaning time. Variable result: inotropic support (1) time, mechanical ventilation (VM) time; hospital postoperative stay (EPOP) and mortality. Percentage comparisons: Fisher exact test to a queue, quantitative variables: Mann-Whitney test. Results: Data Analysis of 116 patients, 12.93 per cent of whom died. Conclusions: complicated outcome in women, > 90 'CPB in patients with blood glucose > 130 mg/dl and lactacidemia > 4mmol/l at end of surgery. ASA IV patients required more inotropic time.

Introdução: O objetivo buscado nesta investigação científica é identificar os fatores relacionados com a evolução pós-operatória de pacientes submetidos a cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica (CRM) com circulação extracorpórea (CPB). Material e métodos: Desenho: estudo retrospectivo observacional analítico. Sujeitos: Foram incluídos pacientes submetidos a CRM com CPB no Hospital San Juan de Dios de La Plata no período de 1° de abril de 2007 a 30 de março de 2008, e excluídos os pacientes > 70 anos e as urgências. Registraram-se como variáveis independentes: idade; sexo; ASA; experiência do cirurgião; diabetes; glicemias basal e de egresso; lactacidemias basal e de egresso; minutos de clampeamento aórtico (XCL) e minutos até o desmame da CPB. As variáveis de resultado foram: horas de apoio inotrópico (1); horas de ventilação mecânica (VM); dias de estádio pós-operatório (EH) e mortalidade. Para as comparações das porcentagens foi utilizada a prova exata de Fisher, e para comparar variáveis quantitativas se uso u a prova de Mann-Whitney. Resultados: Foram analisados os dados de 116 pacientes, 15 dos quais faleceram (12,93 por cento). Conclusoes: Comprovou-se pior evolução pós-operatória em mulheres nas quais a CPB foi maior que 90 minutos, em pacientes com valores de glicemia > 130 mg/dl e em aqueles com lactacidemia de egresso > 4 mmol/l. Os pacientes com ASA IV requereram inotrópicos durante mais tempo.