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1.
Rev. cuba. reumatol ; 25(1)mar. 2023.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1559956

RESUMO

Introducción: La parasitosis intestinal constituye un problema de salud a nivel mundial. Sus complicaciones en niños menores de 5 años abordan tanto la esfera física como social y psicológica; al ser un problema de salud es necesario mantener un adecuado conocimiento sobre sus características. Objetivo: Identificar el nivel de conocimiento que sobre la parasitosis tienen los padres y cuidadores de niñas y niños menores de cinco años que asisten al Centro de Salud Tipo C Lasso, Cotopaxi, diciembre 2021-febrero 2022. Métodos: Investigación básica, no experimental, descriptiva y de corte transversal que tuvo como universo a 156 padres y cuidadores de niños menores de 5 años. La muestra quedó conformada por 96 personas. Se aplicó una encuesta para identificar las características generales de las personas y su nivel de conocimiento relacionado con algunos elementos referentes a la parasitosis. Resultados: Promedio de edad de 27,18 años; predominio de personas femeninas (85,42 %); con nivel de escolaridad de secundaria (76,04 %), amas de casa (83,33 %) y con nivel de ingresos bajos (88,54 %). Se identificaron niveles de conocimientos inadecuados en relación al tipo de parásitos (62,50 %), manifestaciones clínicas (85,42 %), complicaciones (76,04 %) y prevención (60,42 %). Solo en relación a las formas de transmisión del parasitismo se identificó un nivel de conocimiento predominante adecuado (63,54 %). Conclusiones: Los resultados del estudio muestran que el nivel de conocimiento predominante en los padres y cuidadores de los niños y niñas de las comunidades Tanicuchí, Guaytacama y Pastocalle sobre la parasitosis intestinal es inadecuado.


Introduction: Intestinal parasitosis is a global health problem. Its complications in children under 5 years of age address both the physical and social and psychological spheres; Being a health problem, it is necessary to maintain an adequate knowledge of its characteristics. Objective: To identify the level of knowledge that parents and caregivers of children under five years of age who attend the Type C Lasso Health Center, Cotopaxi, have on parasitism, December 2021-February 2022. Methods: Basic, non-experimental, descriptive and cross-sectional research that included 156 parents and caregivers of children under 5 years of age. The sample was made up of 96 people. A survey was applied to identify the general characteristics of the people and their level of knowledge related to some elements related to parasitosis. Results: Average age of 27.18 years; predominance of female persons (85.42 %); with a secondary education level (76.04 %), housewives (83.33%) and with a low income level (88.54 %). Inadequate levels of knowledge were identified in relation to the type of parasites (62.50 %), clinical manifestations (85.42 %), complications (76.04 %) and prevention (60.42 %). Only in relation to the forms of transmission of parasitism, a predominantly adequate level of knowledge was identified (63.54 %). Conclusions: The results of the study show that the predominant level of knowledge in the parents and caregivers of the children of the Tanicuchí, Guaytacama and Pastocalle communities about intestinal parasitism is inadequate.

2.
Neurocirugía (Soc. Luso-Esp. Neurocir.) ; 29(4): 187-200, jul.-ago. 2018. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-180309

RESUMO

Objetivo: Describir pros y contras de diversas medidas de protección radiológica y sus implicaciones en el diseño de un quirófano de neurocirugía. Material y métodos: Se realizó una reforma estructural del quirófano de neurocirugía a propósito de la adquisición y uso de un O-arm. Se ampliaron las medidas y blindajes del quirófano, y se instaló una mampara blindada y abatible en su interior. Se midieron dosis de radiación delante y detrás de la mampara. Resultados: La mampara proporciona una radioprotección integral para todo el personal de quirófano (dosis < 5μSv a 2,5 m del gantry por cada exploración con O-arm; 0,0μSv tras la mampara por cada exploración de O-arm; dosis acumulada anual tras la mampara, indetectable), obvia la necesidad de delantales plomados y dosímetros personales y minimiza la circulación de personal. El aumento del tamaño del quirófano permite almacenar los equipos dentro y minimiza el riesgo de colisión o contaminación. Los quirófanos rectangulares permiten aumentar la distancia al foco emisor de radiación. Conclusiones: El blindaje de paredes, techos y suelos, la forma rectangular y la superficie lo más amplia posible, la presencia de una mampara plomada y abatible, y los sistemas de seguridad que impiden una irrupción inesperada en el quirófano mientras se está irradiando son cuestiones relevantes a tener en cuenta en el diseño del quirófano de neurocirugía


Objective: To describe pros and cons of some radiation protection measures and the implications on the design of a neurosurgery operating room. Material and methods: Concurring with the acquisition and use of an O-arm device, a structural remodeling of our neurosurgery operating room was carried out. The theater was enlarged, the shielding was reinforced and a foldable leaded screen was installed inside the operating room. Radiation doses were measured in front of and behind the screen. Results: The screen provides whole-body radiation protection for all the personnel inside the theater (effective dose <5μSv at 2,5 m from the gantry per O-arm exploration; 0,0μSv received behind the screen per O-arm exploration; and undetectable cumulative annual radiation dose behind the screen), obviates the need for leaded aprons and personal dosimeters, and minimizes the circulation of personnel. Enlarging the size of the operating room allows storing the equipment inside and minimizes the risk of collision and contamination. Rectangular rooms provide greater distance from the source of radiation. Conclusion: Floor, ceiling and walls shielding, a rectangular-shaped and large enough theater, the presence of a foldable leaded screen, and the security systems precluding an unexpected irruption into the operating room during irradiation are relevant issues to consider when designing a neurosurgery operating theater


Assuntos
Humanos , Procedimentos Neurocirúrgicos , Arquitetura Hospitalar , Traumatismos Ocupacionais/prevenção & controle , Salas Cirúrgicas , Lesões por Radiação/prevenção & controle , Proteção Radiológica , Exposição à Radiação/prevenção & controle
3.
Neurocirugia (Astur : Engl Ed) ; 29(4): 187-200, 2018.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29636275

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To describe pros and cons of some radiation protection measures and the implications on the design of a neurosurgery operating room. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Concurring with the acquisition and use of an O-arm device, a structural remodeling of our neurosurgery operating room was carried out. The theater was enlarged, the shielding was reinforced and a foldable leaded screen was installed inside the operating room. Radiation doses were measured in front of and behind the screen. RESULTS: The screen provides whole-body radiation protection for all the personnel inside the theater (effective dose <5µSv at 2,5 m from the gantry per O-arm exploration; 0,0µSv received behind the screen per O-arm exploration; and undetectable cumulative annual radiation dose behind the screen), obviates the need for leaded aprons and personal dosimeters, and minimizes the circulation of personnel. Enlarging the size of the operating room allows storing the equipment inside and minimizes the risk of collision and contamination. Rectangular rooms provide greater distance from the source of radiation. CONCLUSION: Floor, ceiling and walls shielding, a rectangular-shaped and large enough theater, the presence of a foldable leaded screen, and the security systems precluding an unexpected irruption into the operating room during irradiation are relevant issues to consider when designing a neurosurgery operating theater.


Assuntos
Arquitetura Hospitalar , Procedimentos Neurocirúrgicos , Traumatismos Ocupacionais/prevenção & controle , Salas Cirúrgicas , Lesões por Radiação/prevenção & controle , Proteção Radiológica , Humanos
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