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1.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 78(3/4): e48-e53, mar.-abr. 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-202541

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: La patología infecciosa es un motivo de consulta muy frecuente. Distinguir entre infecciones bacterianas y víricas es un reto que ocasiona tratamientos antibióticos inapropiados. Nuestro objetivo fue estudiar la fiabilidad de la PCT, la PCR y el recuento de leucocitos y neutrófilos totales para diferenciar infecciones en pacientes hospitalizados. MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo unicéntrico en el que se revisaron las historias clínicas de los mayores de 3 meses ingresados con infección confirmada por cultivo o PCR viral, desde el 1 de enero hasta el 31 de diciembre de 2016 en el servicio de pediatría de un hospital de primer nivel. Se dividieron en función de si la etiología comprobada de su infección era bacteriana o vírica. RESULTADOS: Se identificaron 328 pacientes, con una media de edad de 2,3 años y DE= 3,5; el 40,2% presentó una infección bacteriana y el 59,8% una vírica. Los primeros presentaron cifras mayores de leucocitos, neutrófilos totales, PCR y PCT que los segundos, con diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p <0,05). En las curvas ROC del modelo predictivo, el ABC para leucocitos fue de 0,58, neutrófilos 0,55, PCR 0,6 y PCT 0,59. Con la regresión logística se obtuvieron unas fórmulas de predicción de infección bacteriana significativas combinando valores de PCR y leucocitos en sangre pero con una R cuadrado de 0,107 y un ABC de 0,665. Se evaluaron las pruebas diagnósticas para niveles de PCR superiores a 7 mg/dL con una sensibilidad del 49%, una especificidad del 77%, un VPP del 56% y un VPN del 69%. CONCLUSIONES: Los instrumentos analíticos de la práctica clínica habitual son poco fiables para distinguir entre infecciones bacterianas y víricas. Sería recomendable elaborar modelos predictivos que tengan en cuenta valores analíticos y clínicos. Será útil el empleo de técnicas diagnósticas como la PCR para virus respiratorios


INTRODUCTION: Infectious pathology is a common cause of paediatric consultations. The aim of this study was to analyse the usefulness of CRP, PCT levels, leukocytes and absolute neutrophils counts, to differentiate between bacterial and viral infections in hospitalized children, with the purpose of avoiding a high percentage of unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on children older than 3 months, admitted to the hospital paediatric service, with confirmed infection by positive culture or viral CRP. We reviewed the data of the clinical histories from January 1 to December 31, 2016. Patients were divided into two groups depending on whether the proven aetiology of their infection was bacterial or viral. RESULTS: A total of 328 patients were included, with a mean age of 2.3 years, SD= 3,5, of which 40.2% had a confirmed bacterial infection and 59.8% had a viral infection. Patients with confirmed bacterial infection had higher levels of leukocytes, total neutrophils, CRP and PCT than patients with viral infections, there being statistically significant differences in these variables (p <0.05). Regarding the ROC curves performed in the predictive model, the AUC for leukocytes was 0.58, for neutrophils 0.55, for CRP 0.6 and for PCT 0.59. With the logistic regression, some prediction formulas for bacterial infection were obtained that were only significant combining the values of CRP and leukocytes in blood, but with a coefficient of determination (r2) of 0.107 and an AUC of 0.665. Diagnostic tests were also evaluated for CRP levels higher than 7 mg/dL with a sensitivity of 49%, a specificity of 77%, as well as a PPV of 56% and a NPV of 69%. CONCLUSIONS: The analitic techniques used in the routine clinical practice are unreliable to distinguish between bacterial and viral infections. Therefore, it would be advisable to develop predictive models of bacterial infection that take into account both analytical and clinical values. It would also be useful to use, in routine clinical practice, diagnostic techniques such as CRP for respiratory viruses


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Pneumonia Viral/diagnóstico , Pneumonia Bacteriana/diagnóstico , Proteína C-Reativa/análise , Pró-Calcitonina/análise , Biomarcadores/análise , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes
2.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 76(3/4): 44-49, mar.-abr. 2018. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-177392

RESUMO

Introducción: Es conocido el efecto perjudicial de la contaminación atmosférica sobre la salud. Este estudio tiene como objetivos evaluar si los niveles de contaminantes atmosféricos en nuestro entorno cumplen lo recomendado por la Organización Mundial de Salud (OMS) y valorar su posible relación con los ingresos pediátricos. Métodos: Como variables dependientes se han estudiado los ingresos pediátricos y, entre ellos, los producidos por patologías respiratorias (bronquiolitis, crisis asmáticas y neumonías) durante 49 meses en un hospital situado en el centro de una gran ciudad. Como variables independientes se estudiaron los valores de contaminación atmosférica. Se estimaron los coeficientes de correlación y regresión lineal múltiple. Se realizó un análisis mediante la prueba de la t de Student del promedio de ingresos cuando los valores de dióxido de nitrógeno (NO2) eran superiores e inferiores a 40 μg/m3. Resultados: Durante el periodo estudiado hubo 7.103 ingresos en pediatría general, 3.645 de ellos (51,32%) causados por procesos respiratorios. Se encontró una correlación entre el NO2 y los ingresos totales (0,771) y los de causa respiratoria (0,784), ambos con un valor de p < 0,0001. Al superar los niveles de NO2 por encima de 40 μg/m3, el número de ingresos es mayor para todos los grupos estudiados. En la regresión lineal los ingresos totales y los causados por crisis asmáticas se incrementan con los niveles de NO2 y disminuyen con la temperatura (p < 0,0001). Conclusiones: Se encontró una relación entre los ingresos estudiados y los niveles de contaminación atmosférica, fundamentalmente de NO2, cuyos niveles sobrepasan los establecidos por la OMS. La disminución de estos niveles podría evitar un número significativo de ingresos pediátricos


Introduction: There is a well known relationship between air pollution and health. In this study, we aimed to establish a relationship between air pollution and pediatric hospital admissions. Methods: Admissions to the pediatric ward have been studied as dependent variables and within those admissions due to respiratory diseases: bronchiolitis, asthma and pneumonias, during 49 months at a hospital located in the center of a big city. As independent variables, air pollution values were studied. Reciprocity coefficients and multiple lineal regression were performed. A T Student analysis was applied regarding the average of admissions when values of NO2 were over and under 40 μg/m3. Results: During the length of our study there were 7,103 pediatric admissions, 3,645 (51.32%) of those were respiratory diseases. The strongest relationship was found is between levels of NO2 and total admissions (0.771), as well as with the admissions by respiratory causes (0.784), both with p < 0.0001. For NO2 levels higher than 40 μg/m3, the number of admissions was higher for every researched group. Conclusions: Levels of air pollution, mainly NO2, were associated with the amount of pediatric hospital admissions. Since NO2 levels exceed those established by the World Health Organization, the compliance of those levels could avoid pediatric admissions


Assuntos
Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Poluição Ambiental/estatística & dados numéricos , Dióxido de Nitrogênio/análise , Doenças Respiratórias/diagnóstico , Hospitalização , Poluentes Atmosféricos , Poluição Ambiental/efeitos adversos , Organização Mundial da Saúde , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Modelos Lineares , Poluentes Ambientais , Bronquiolite/diagnóstico , Asma
3.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 76(1/2): 14-17, ene.-feb. 2018. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-172419

RESUMO

Introducción: El tabaquismo pasivo es una causa importante de morbimortalidad en la edad pediátrica. Este estudio pretende evaluar si se registra esta condición en pacientes ingresados en un hospital pediátrico. Material y métodos: Se estudiaron los ingresos pediátricos durante 12 meses, analizando la recogida del hábito tabáquico en el am-biente familiar, según éstos fueran de causa respiratoria o no. Resultados: El registro de los casos de tabaquismo pasivo se llevó a cabo en el 58,28% de los ingresos, que fue superior de forma estadísticamente significativa en los de causa respiratoria (odds ratio [OR]= 1,767; intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%: 1,441-2,167). La exposición pasiva al tabaco es más frecuente en los niños que ingresaron en nuestro centro por una patología respiratoria (OR= 2,077; IC del 95%: 1,385-3,117). Conclusiones: Nuestros resultados demuestran la necesidad de hacer mayor hincapié en la prevención del tabaquismo (AU)


Introduction: Passive smoking is an important cause of morbidity and mortality among pediatric population. Our study aims to investigate if such information is taken into account in patient's histories during hospital admissions. Material and methods: We analyzed pediatric hospital admissions during a 12-month period as to the presence of passive smoking in patient's histories, comparing those due to respiratory causes to other diagnoses. Results: Cases of passive smoking were noted on patient’s histories in 58.28% of hospital admissions, more frequently in patients admitted due to respiratory diseases (Odd Ratio (OR) = 1.767 [95% CI: 1.441-2.167]). Patients admitted due to respiratory diseases presented a higher rate of passive tobacco exposure (OR = 2.077 [95% CI: 1.385- 3.117]). Conclusions: Our results emphasize the need to increase tobacco prevention (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Poluição por Fumaça de Tabaco/estatística & dados numéricos , Poluição por Fumaça de Tabaco/efeitos adversos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Fatores de Risco , Poluição por Fumaça de Tabaco/prevenção & controle , Razão de Chances , Intervalos de Confiança , Estudos Retrospectivos
4.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 19(73): 15-21, ene.-mar. 2017. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-161854

RESUMO

Objetivo: estudiar la prevalencia del colecho en las familias de los niños que acuden a las consultas pediátricas de Atención Primaria y su relación con determinados aspectos de la crianza. Pacientes y métodos: estudio de casos y controles mediante cuestionario. Se han recogido 317 encuestas de niños con edades comprendidas entre 6 y 24 meses y pertenecientes a dos consultas de Atención Primaria de Madrid. Los niños que practicaban colecho se consideraron como casos, y los que no lo practicaban se consideraron el grupo de control. El número de despertares nocturnos por encima de tres, los episodios de infecciones respiratorias de vías bajas y la duración de la lactancia materna exclusiva o complementada fueron utilizadas como medidas de resultado. Resultados: en el análisis multivariante, las variables relacionadas positivamente con el colecho son: el tiempo de lactancia materna exclusiva, odds ratio (OR) = 1,127 (p = 0,008) y mixta OR = 1,126 (p < 0,0001); el número de niños con más de tres despertares nocturnos, OR = 1,844 (p = 0,001), y el tabaquismo de uno o ambos progenitores, OR = 2,290 (p = 0,008). El nivel socioeconómico actúa como factor de protección, OR = 0,545 (p = 0,001). La presencia de infecciones respiratorias de vías bajas fue más frecuente en el grupo con colecho, pero no tuvo significación estadística en el análisis multivariante. Conclusiones: los resultados obtenidos muestran que la práctica del colecho facilita la instauración de la lactancia materna y su prolongación en el tiempo, y sin embargo favorece que los niños se despierten con mayor frecuencia en la noche y propicia que padezcan más procesos infecciosos de vías bajas. El bajo nivel socioeconómico y el tabaquismo de las familias son factores ligados a la práctica del colecho (AU)


Objective: to study the prevalence of co-sleeping in in the families of children attending pediatric Primary Care consultations and its relation with a certain number of aspects of their upbringing. Patients and methods: case-control study with assessment questionnaires. A total of 317 surveys were collected from parents of children between the ages of 6 and 24 months who belonged to two Primary Care consultations in Madrid-Spain. Children who practiced co-sleeping were considered as cases whereas those who did not were considered control group. The number of nocturnal awakenings, episodes of lower respiratory tract infection and the duration of exclusive or complementary breastfeeding have been used as outcome indicators. Results: the variables positively related to co-sleeping in the multivariate analysis are: the duration of exclusive breastfeeding, odds ratio (OR) = 1,127 (p = 0,008) and complementary breastfeeding, OR = 0,126 (p < 0,0001); the number of nocturnal awakenings over three times, OR = 1,844 (p = 0,001) and smoking habit by one or both progenitors OR = 2,290 (p = 0,008). The socioeconomic level acts as a protection factor OR = 0,545 (p = 0,001). The presence of lower respiratory tract infections was more frequent in the co-sleeping group, but had no statistical significance in the multivariate analysis. Conclusions: the results indicate that co-sleeping favours breastfeeding and its extension through time. Nevertheless, it also favours children’s nocturnal awakening and increases the risk of lower respiratory infections. The low socioeconomic level of the families and tobacco smoking are factors that favour co-sleeping (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Sono/fisiologia , Atenção Primária à Saúde/métodos , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/epidemiologia , Educação Infantil/tendências , Hábitos , Aleitamento Materno/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Inquéritos e Questionários , Análise Fatorial , Intervalos de Confiança , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Modelos Logísticos
5.
An. pediatr. (2003. Ed. impr.) ; 84(4): 189-194, abr. 2016. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-151004

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Estudiar el impacto de la crisis económica sobre las familias de los niños que acuden a las consultas de Atención Primaria y su relación con el nivel socioeconómico. PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo observacional mediante cuestionario. Se han recogido 453 encuestas de niños entre 1 y 7 años de edad pertenecientes a 4 consultas de Atención Primaria de Madrid. Se analizaron datos crudos, comparaciones entre grupos y análisis multivariante. RESULTADOS: En el análisis multivariante, las variables relacionadas con no comprar medicamentos prescritos son: tener menor nivel de ingresos OR=0,118 p < 0,0001 y de estudios OR=0,464, p = 0,001; con la disminución del gasto en alimentación: tener menos ingresos OR=0,100, p < 0,0001 y el número de miembros de la familia OR=1,308, p = 0,045; con vacunarse frente a rotavirus sin financiación influye el tener mayor nivel de ingresos OR=2,170, p = 0,0001 y de estudios OR=1,835, p = 0,013 y no ser inmigrante OR=0,532, p = 0,037. La presencia de problemas de salud desde la crisis está relacionada con encontrarse en paro OR=4,079, p = 0,032 y tener menor nivel de estudios R=0,678, p = 0,042 y de ingresos OR=0,342, p < 0,0001. En todos los casos los modelos presentaron una significación estadística para p < 0,0001. CONCLUSIONES: La crisis tiene mayor impacto en el grupo con menor nivel de ingresos en todas las variables analizadas. Influye el tener menor nivel de estudios y el número de miembros de la familia en la disminución de gasto en alimentación, el ser inmigrante en la no vacunación por rotavirus y el estar en paro en la presencia de problemas de salud en la familia. En resumen la crisis ha aumentado las desigualdades de acuerdo con el nivel socioeconómico


OBJECTIVE: To study the impact of the economic crisis on the families of the children who attend Primary Health Care and its relationship with their socioeconomic status. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Observational descriptive study was conducted by analysing the results of 453 questionnaires, given to the parents of children between 1 and 7 years old who attended 4 paediatric clinics in Madrid. The raw data was analysed, and comparisons between groups and multivariate analysis were performed. RESULTS: In the multivariate analysis, the variables related to the non-acquisition of prescribed medication are: lower income level OR=0.118, p<.0001 and lower educational level OR=0.464, p<.001; the variables related to the reduction of food expenditure are: lower income level OR=0.100, p<.0001 and a higher number of family members OR=1.308, p=.045; the variables related to anti-pneumococcal vaccination without public funding are: higher income level OR=2.170, p=.0001, higher educational level OR=1.835, p=.013, and not being an immigrant OR=0.532, p=.037. The presence of health problems from the beginning of the economic crisis is related to unemployment OR=4.079, p=.032, lower educational level R=0.678, p=.042, and income level OR=0.342, p<.0001. In all cases, the models achieved a statistical significance of p<.0001. CONCLUSIONS: The economic crisis has greater impact on the group with the lowest income level in all analysed variables. The lower educational level and higher number of family members has an impact on the reduction in food expenditure. The fact of being an immigrant has an impact on not receiving the anti-pneumococcal and rotavirus vaccination. Unemployment leads to an increase in health problems in the family. To sum up, the economic crisis has increased inequalities according to socioeconomic status


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Avaliação em Saúde/métodos , Valor da Vida/economia , Cuidado da Criança/economia , Cuidado da Criança , Saúde da Criança , Atenção Primária à Saúde/economia , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudo Observacional , Espanha
6.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 84(4): 189-94, 2016 Apr.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26404784

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To study the impact of the economic crisis on the families of the children who attend Primary Health Care and its relationship with their socioeconomic status. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Observational descriptive study was conducted by analysing the results of 453 questionnaires, given to the parents of children between 1 and 7 years old who attended 4 paediatric clinics in Madrid. The raw data was analysed, and comparisons between groups and multivariate analysis were performed. RESULTS: In the multivariate analysis, the variables related to the non-acquisition of prescribed medication are: lower income level OR=0.118, p<.0001 and lower educational level OR=0.464, p<.001; the variables related to the reduction of food expenditure are: lower income level OR=0.100, p<.0001 and a higher number of family members OR=1.308, p=.045; the variables related to anti-pneumococcal vaccination without public funding are: higher income level OR=2.170, p=.0001, higher educational level OR=1.835, p=.013, and not being an immigrant OR=0.532, p=.037. The presence of health problems from the beginning of the economic crisis is related to unemployment OR=4.079, p=.032, lower educational level R=0.678, p=.042, and income level OR=0.342, p<.0001. In all cases, the models achieved a statistical significance of p<.0001. CONCLUSIONS: The economic crisis has greater impact on the group with the lowest income level in all analysed variables. The lower educational level and higher number of family members has an impact on the reduction in food expenditure. The fact of being an immigrant has an impact on not receiving the anti-pneumococcal and rotavirus vaccination. Unemployment leads to an increase in health problems in the family. To sum up, the economic crisis has increased inequalities according to socioeconomic status.


Assuntos
Recessão Econômica , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde/economia , Pediatria/economia , Atenção Primária à Saúde/economia , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Renda , Lactente , Pais , Inquéritos e Questionários
7.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 15(58): 109-115, abr.-jun. 2013. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-113502

RESUMO

Objetivo: estudiar la utilidad de la solución salina hipertónica (SSH) al 3% inhalada en el tratamiento de la bronquiolitis aguda (BA) del lactante hospitalizado. Pacientes y métodos: estudio de casos y controles realizado con 639 pacientes de edad inferior a siete meses e ingresados con diagnóstico de BA, primer episodio, durante tres periodos estacionales consecutivos, en la sección de lactantes de un hospital pediátrico de Madrid (España). Los pacientes que recibieron como tratamiento, durante los dos primeros periodos estacionales, suero salino fisiológico (SSF) inhalado con o sin medicación se consideraron el grupo control y los pacientes que recibieron, durante el tercer periodo estacional, suero salino hipertónico al 3% inhalado con o sin medicación se consideraron como casos. Los días de hospitalización y las horas de oxigenoterapia fueron utilizados como medidas de resultado. Resultados: de la totalidad de los niños estudiados, 460 recibieron SSF inhalado, y 179 recibieron SSH al 3%. En el grupo que recibió SSF, la estancia media en el hospital fue de 5,16 días (intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC 95%]: 4,78-5,56) y el tiempo medio de oxigenoterapia fue de 57,34 (IC 95%: 52,93-61,75) frente a 4,90 días (IC 95%: 4,64-5,07) y 67,53 horas (IC 95%: 60,36-74,69), respectivamente, en el grupo tratado con SSH. Estos resultados no alcanzan significación estadística. Los pacientes con estudio positivo de virus respiratorio sincitial (VRS) en aspirado nasofaríngeo y que recibieron SSF necesitaron menos horas de oxígeno de manera significativa (p=0,004), así como aquellos que tenían edad <3 meses (p=0,007). Conclusiones: los resultados obtenidos muestran que la SSH al 3% inhalada no resulta eficaz para reducir la estancia hospitalaria ni el tiempo de oxigenoterapia en los pacientes con BA; además, en los niños menores de tres meses y con estudio positivo de VRS en aspirado nasofaríngeo la aplicación de SSF inhalado consiguió una necesidad menor de horas de oxígeno (AU)


Objective: to study the utility of nebulized 3% hypertonic saline solution (HSS) in hospitalized infants with acute bronchiolitis. Patients and methods: case-control studies accomplished on 639 patients of age less than 7 months old and hospitalized with the diagnosis of acute bronchiolitis, first episode, during 3 consecutive seasons in a pediatric department in Madrid. The patients who received 0.9% saline solution (FSS), with or without medication, during the 2 first seasons were considered the control group and the patients who received, the last season period, nebulized 3% hypertonic saline solution were considered the cases group. The days of hospitalization and the hours of oxygen therapy were used as the result measurement. Results: from the total of the studied children, 460 received 0.9% saline solution and 179 received 3% hypertonic saline solution. In the group receiving FSS the average stay in hospital was 5.16 days (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 4.78-5.56) and the average time of oxygen therapy was 57.34 hours (95% CI 52.93-61.75) opposite to 4.90 days (95% CI 4.64-5.07) and 67.53 hours (95% CI 60.36- 74.69) respectively in the group that received HSS. There was no significant difference between the groups. The patients who received FSS and were positive for VRS and also patients less than 3 months old, showed a significant reduction in the oxygen therapy hours (p= 0.004 and p= 0.007 respectively). Conclusions: results show that 3% hypertonic saline solution has not been effective in reducing hospital stay or length of oxygen therapy in patients with acute bronchiolitis; but nebulized 0,9% saline solution in children with age <3 months and positive study of respiratory syncitial virus in nasopharyngeal aspirate showed a reduced need of hours of oxygen (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Bronquiolite/diagnóstico , Bronquiolite/terapia , Solução Salina Hipertônica/administração & dosagem , Solução Salina Hipertônica/uso terapêutico , /tendências , Solução Salina Hipertônica/metabolismo , Solução Salina Hipertônica/farmacocinética , Oxigenoterapia/métodos , Resultado do Tratamento , Avaliação de Eficácia-Efetividade de Intervenções , Intervalos de Confiança , Vírus Sinciciais Respiratórios/isolamento & purificação
8.
Rev. patol. respir ; 15(3): 74-77, jul.-sept. 2012. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-107571

RESUMO

Introducción: La enfermedad neumocócica invasiva es una de las patologías con mayor morbimortalidad en la edad pediátrica. A pesar de las expectativas creadas, se discute sobre el papel de la vacuna heptavalente en la incidencia de neumonías complicadas. Nuestro objetivo es constatar si se ha producido un incremento de las mismas en nuestro hospital. Material y métodos: Se estudiaron 9.068 pacientes ingresados con neumonía en el Hospital Niño Jesús entre los años 1996 y 2010. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo y observacional , analizando la introducción parcial o total de la vacuna. Resultados: Se evaluaron 3 grupos en función de la no introducción y la introducción parcial o total de la vacuna. Se constató globalmente un aumento de derrames (p < 0,005) en los grupos tras la introducción de la vacuna. Conclusiones: Tras la introducción de la vacuna heptavalente antineumocócica se ha podido constatar en nuestra muestra un aumento de neumonías complicadas con derrame (AU)


Introduction: Invasive pneumococcal disease is one of the diseases with higher morbidity and mortality in children. Despite expectations created, we discuss the role of the heptavalent vaccine in the incidence of complicates pneumonia. Our goal is to determine if it has increased in our hospital. Patients and methods: We studied 9068 patients admitted with the diagnosis of pneumonia in the Hospital Niño Jesús between 1996 and 2010. A retrospective, observational study, analyzing the total or partial introduction of the vaccine. Results: Sample segregation in 3 groups according to the non introduction and the total or partial introduction of the vaccine. We confirmed an increase in pleural effusion (p< 0.005) in vaccine groups. Conclusions: After the introduction of heptavalent pneumococcal vaccine it has been found in our sample an increase in complicated pneumonia with pleural effusion (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Derrame Pleural/epidemiologia , Vacinas Pneumocócicas/administração & dosagem , Pneumonia Pneumocócica/epidemiologia , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Esquemas de Imunização
9.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 14(55): 207-215, jul.-sept. 2012. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-106759

RESUMO

Objetivo: analizar a los niños ingresados con el diagnóstico de tos ferina en nuestro centro en el periodo estudiado y la relación de su evolución con diferentes datos clínicos, analíticos y/o epidemiológicos. Material y métodos: estudio retrospectivo de los pacientes ingresados en nuestro centro con diagnóstico de tos ferina en el periodo 2008-2011. Se incluyen en el estudio los casos que cumplen los criterios establecidos por los Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Resultados: se estudian 85 pacientes (54,8% niñas) con una edad media de 2,04 meses. El tiempo medio de ingreso hospitalario fue de 7,44 días. Se encontró relación en la regresión lineal múltiple entre la duración del ingreso con el porcentaje de cayados (p=0,006), proteína C reactiva (PrCR) (p=0,001), saturación de oxígeno al ingreso (p=0,019), apnea (p<0,001) y cianosis (p=0,007). La tasa de ingresos aumentó progresivamente desde el año 2008. También se objetivó asociación entre la presencia de complicaciones y el porcentaje de cayados (p=0,026), saturación de oxígeno al ingreso (p=0,001), no haber recibido ninguna dosis de vacuna (p=0,007), oxigenoterapia (p=0,001), síntomas catarrales (p=0,017), apnea (p<0,001), cianosis (p=0,05) y coinfección con virus (virus respiratorio sincitial y/o adenovirus; p=0,044). Fallecieron dos pacientes (letalidad, 2,4%). Se observó relación en la regresión logística entre la mortalidad y el número de leucocitos (p=0,016), neutrófilos (p=0,016), linfocitos (p=0,016), cayados (p=0,001), PrCR (p=0,039) y procalcitonina (p=0,023) al ingreso. Conclusiones: la presencia de apnea y cianosis al comienzo del cuadro clínico, así como no haber recibido ninguna dosis de vacuna DTPa y mayores niveles de PrCR en el momento del ingreso pueden ser consideradas factores de riesgo mayor duración del ingreso hospitalario por tos ferina. El mayor porcentaje de cayados y nivel de procalcitonina, así como menor saturación de oxígeno, en el momento del ingreso; no haber recibido ninguna dosis de vacuna DTPa; la presencia de síntomas catarrales, apnea y cianosis en el comienzo del cuadro y la coinfección por virus respiratorios se pueden considerar factores de riesgo de la aparición de complicaciones durante el ingreso hospitalario(AU)


Objective: to analyze those children admitted to our hospital with the diagnosis of pertussis during the studied period and the relationship of outcomes with different clinical, analytical and/or epidemiologic data. Material and methods: retrospective study of those patients admitted to hospital with the diagnosis of pertussis in the period 2008-2011. Those cases included accomplish the criteria established by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Results: 85 patients (54.8% female), with a medium age of 2.04 months, are studied. Mean time of stay at hospital was of 7.44 days. We found relationship in the multiple lineal regression between the length of stay and the percentage of immature neutrophils (p=0.006), Protein C-reactive (PrCR; p=0.001), oxygen saturation at admission to hospital (p=0.019), apnea (p<0.001) and cyanosis (p=0.007). Rate of admissions to hospital was progressively higher since 2008. We have also found an association between the presence of complications and the percentage of immature neutrophils (p=0.026), saturation of oxygen at admission (p=0.001), not having received any dose of vaccine (p=0.007), oxygen (p=0.001), cold symptoms (p=0.017), apnea (p<0.001), cyanosis (p=0.05) and co-infection with viruses (adenovirus and/or VRS; p=0.044). Two patients died (lethality: 2.4%). We found relationship in the logistic regression between the mortality and the number of leucocytes (p=0.016), neutrophils (p=0.016), lymphocytes (p=0.016), immature neutrophils (p=0.001), PrCR (p=0.039) and procalcitonin (p=0.023) at admission to hospital. Conclusions: the presence of apnea and cyanosis at the beginning of clinical symptoms, ant not having received any dose of DTPa vaccine, and higher levels of PrCR at admission to hospital can be considered risk factors of a higher length of stay at hospital. The higher percentage of immature neutrophils and level of procalcitonin, and a lower oxygen saturation at admission, not having received any dose of vaccine DTPa, the presence of cold symptoms, apnea and cyanosis at the beginning of symptoms and the co-infection with respiratory viruses, can be considered risk factors of complications during the hospital admission because of pertussis(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Coqueluche/complicações , Coqueluche/diagnóstico , Coqueluche/terapia , Fatores de Risco , Hospitalização/tendências , Apneia/complicações , Cianose/complicações , Criança Hospitalizada/psicologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Modelos Lineares , Modelos Logísticos , Atenção Primária à Saúde/métodos , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Estudos Transversais/métodos , Estudos Transversais/tendências , Intervalos de Confiança
10.
An. pediatr. (2003, Ed. impr.) ; 77(1): 5-11, jul. 2012. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-101253

RESUMO

Objetivo: Estudiar la utilidad de una modalidad específica de fisioterapia respiratoria, consistente en maniobras de espiración lenta prolongada seguida de tos provocada, en el tratamiento de la bronquiolitis aguda (BA) del lactante hospitalizado. Pacientes y métodos: Ensayo clínico aleatorizado y doble ciego realizado con 236 pacientes de edad inferior a 7 meses e ingresados con diagnóstico de bronquiolitis aguda, primer episodio, en la sección de lactantes de un hospital pediátrico de Madrid. Los pacientes fueron distribuidos aleatoriamente en el momento del ingreso en dos grupos: los que recibieron maniobras de fisioterapia respiratoria y los que recibieron otras maniobras placebo. Únicamente los fisioterapeutas que intervinieron en el estudio conocían la asignación de los niños. Los días de hospitalización y las horas de oxigenoterapia fueron utilizados como medida de resultado. Resultados: De la totalidad de los niños estudiados, el 57,6% recibió maniobras de fisioterapia respiratoria y el 42,4% restante recibió maniobras placebo. En el grupo que recibió fisioterapia la estancia media en el hospital fue de 4,56 días (intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%, 4,36-6,06) y el tiempo medio de oxigenoterapia fue de 49,98 horas (IC del 95%, 43,64-67,13) frente a 4,54 días (IC del 95%, 3,81-5,73) y 53,53 horas (IC del 95%, 48,03-81,40), respectivamente, en el grupo que no recibió fisioterapia. Estos resultados en ningún caso alcanzan significación estadística. Los pacientes con estudio positivo de VRS (virus respiratorio sincitial) en aspirado nasofaríngeo y que recibieron maniobras de fisioterapia necesitaron menos horas de oxigenoterapia 48,80 horas (IC del 95%, 42,94-55,29) frente a 58,68 horas (IC del 95%, 55,46-65,52), respectivamente, siendo el único resultado estadísticamente significativo (p=0,042). Conclusiones: Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la fisioterapia respiratoria no ha sido eficaz para reducir la estancia hospitalaria ni el tiempo de oxigenoterapia en los pacientes con bronquiolitis aguda, sin embargo, en los niños con estudio positivo de VRS en aspirado nasofaríngeo se observó una necesidad menor de horas de oxígeno (p=0,042) (AU)


Objetive: To study the utility of chest physiotherapy by increased exhalation technique with assisted cough in the acute bronchiolite of the hospitalized new-born babys. Patients and methods: Double-blind clinical trial accomplished on 236 patients of age lower than 7 months and hospitalizad with diagnosis of acute bronchiolitis, first episode, in a pediatric department in Madrid. The patients were randomized in two groups: those who have received maneuvers of chest physiotherapy and those who have received maneuvers placebo. Only physiotherapist were aware of the allocation group of the infants. The days of hospitalization and the hours of oxygen therapy were used like result measurement. Results: From the totality of the studied children 57,6% received maneuvers of chest physiotherapy and 42,4% remaining received maneuvers placebo. In the group that received chest physiotherapy the average stay in the hospital was 4,56 days (95% confidence interval [CI] 4,36-6,06) and the average time of oxygen therapy was 49,98 (95% CI 43,64-67,13) hours opposite to 4,54 days (95%CI 3,81-5,73) and 53,53hours (95% CI 48,03-81,40) respectively in the group that did not receive chest physiotherapy. In the patients with analytical print for VRS and that received chest physiotherapy less hours of oxygen therapy were needed 48,80hours (95% CI 42,94-55,29) opposite to 56,68hours (95% CI 55,46-65,52) respectively, being the only one turned out as per statistics significantly (P=.042). Conclusions: Results show that chest physiotherapy has not been effective in reducing hospital stay or length of oxygen therapy in patients with acute bronchiolitis, but in the positive study of children with respiratory syncytial virus in nasopharyngeal aspirate showed a reduced need hours of oxygen. hours (P=.042)(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Bronquiolite/terapia , Exercícios Respiratórios , Criança Hospitalizada , Método Duplo-Cego , Avaliação de Eficácia-Efetividade de Intervenções
11.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 77(1): 5-11, 2012 Jul.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22281403

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: [corrected] To study the utility of chest physiotherapy by increased exhalation technique with assisted cough in the acute bronchiolite of the hospitalized new-born babys. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Double-blind clinical trial accomplished on 236 patients of age lower than 7 months and hospitalizad with diagnosis of acute bronchiolitis, first episode, in a pediatric department in Madrid.The patients were randomized in two groups: those who have received maneuvers of chest physiotherapy and those who have received maneuvers placebo. Only physiotherapist were aware of the allocation group of the infants. The days of hospitalization and the hours of oxygentherapy were used like result measurement. RESULTS: From the totality of the studied children 57,6% received maneuvers of chest physiotherapy and 42,4% remaining received maneuvers placebo. In the group that received chest physiotherapy the average stay in the hospital was 4,56 days (95% confidence interval [CI] 4,36-6,06) and the average time of oxygentherapy was 49,98 (95% CI 43,64-67,13) hours opposite to 4,54 days (95%CI 3,81-5,73) and 53,53 hours (95% CI 48,03-81,40) respectively in the group that did not receive chest physiotherapy. In the patients with analytical print for VRS and that received chest physiotherapy less hours of oxygen therapy were needed 48,80 hours (95% CI 42,94-55,29) opposite to 56,68 hours (95% CI 55,46-65,52) respectively, being the only one turned out as per statistics significantly (P=.042). CONCLUSIONS: Results show that chest physiotherapy has not been effective in reducing hospital stay or length of oxygentherapy in patients with acute bronchiolitis, but in the positive study of children with respiratory syncytial virus in nasopharyngeal aspirate showed a reduced need hours of oxygen. hours (P=.042).


Assuntos
Bronquiolite/terapia , Terapia Respiratória/métodos , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino
12.
Rev. esp. pediatr. (Ed. impr.) ; 67(4): 223-229, jul.-ago. 2011. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-101711

RESUMO

Los determinantes de la salud de las personas son esencialmente cuatro: el sistema sanitario (11%), el entorno, es decir, el medio ambiente, equipamientos, condiciones laborales, etc (19%), la herencia genética (27%) y los hábitos o estilo de vida individual (43%). Se considera factor de riesgo a un aspecto del comportamiento o del estilo de vida, exposición medioambiental o característica innata o heredada que, sobre la base de la evidencia epidemiológica, se conoce que está asociado con una condición de salud relacionada cuya prevención se considera importante. Los factores de riesgo cardiovascular (FRC) entran de lleno en esta categoría de determinantes, bien por se de origen genético, bien por se el resultante de estilos y hábitos de vida. Existen muchas evidencias de los efectos positivos de las actividades preventivas sobre los factores de riesgo cardiovascular, especialmente en lo que respecta a la prevención primordial, que es la que tiene más interés en la edad pediátrica. Las actuaciones sobre las que hay mayor evidencia van en la línea de: evitar el tabaquismo y la obesidad, promover el ejercicio físico regular y una dieta saludable (rica en frutas, vegetales y fibra y pobre en sodio y grasas saturadas) y controlar la tensión arterial, la hiperlipemia y la hiperglucemia (AU)


There are essentially four health determinants of the persons: health care system (11%), the setting, that is the environment, equipment’s, work conditions, etc (19%), genetic inheritance (27%) and individual habits or style of behavior or style of life, environmental exposure or innate or hereditary characteristic which, on the basis of the epidemiological evidence, is known to be associated with a related health condition whose prevention is considered important. The cardiovascular risk factors (CVR) totally fall within this category of determinants, either because they have a genetic origin or because of bad the result of the styles and habits of life. There is much evidence regarding the positive effects of preventive activities in relationship with cardiovascular risk, especially regarding primordial prevention which is of most interest in the pediatric age. The actions having the most evidence are along the lines of avoiding smoking and obesity, promoting regular physical exercise and a healthy diet (rich in fruits, vegetables and fiber, and low in salt and saturated fats) and controlling blood pressure, hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Predisposição Genética para Doença/prevenção & controle , Fatores de Risco , Estilo de Vida Saudável , Exposição Ambiental/prevenção & controle , Obesidade/prevenção & controle , Fumar/prevenção & controle , Atividade Motora , Alimentos Integrais , Hiperglicemia/prevenção & controle , Hiperlipidemias/prevenção & controle
13.
An. pediatr. (2003, Ed. impr.) ; 74(4): 232-238, abr. 2011. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-88517

RESUMO

Introducción: La enfermedad de Kawasaki es una vasculitis sistémica aguda de la infancia, de etiología desconocida, considerada la principal causa de cardiopatía adquirida en la infancia en los países desarrollados. Por ello, es importante conocer las manifestaciones clínicas y las complicaciones de pacientes con enfermedad de Kawasaki en nuestro medio y buscar factores relacionados con la aparición de alteraciones cardiológicas. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de 76 niños diagnosticados de enfermedad de Kawasaki desde enero de 1997 hasta mayo de 2008. Resultados: El 64,5% eran varones, con una edad media de 3 años y 4 meses. Las manifestaciones clínicas principales que presentaron fueron fiebre (media 8,13 días), exantema, hiperemia conjuntival bilateral, afectación bucal, afectación de extremidades, adenopatía única y artralgias. Entre los hallazgos analíticos destacaron leucocitosis, trombocitosis, proteína C reactiva (PCR) y velocidad de sedimentación glomerular elevadas, hipoalbuminemia, hiperbilirrubinemia, aumento de transaminasas y piuria estéril. Presentaron alteraciones coronarias12 pacientes (15,7%), 2 insuficiencia mitral leve y 1 derrame pericárdico leve. Hubo una hepatitis colestásica. Todas las complicaciones se resolvieron sin secuelas. Se identificaron como factores de riesgo para la aparición de aneurismas coronarios el sexo varón (OR = 1,24), exantema urticariforme (OR = 10,53) y PCR > 10 mg/dl (OR = 4,20). Conclusiones: Nuestros pacientes presentaron las manifestaciones clínicas y analíticas típicas de la enfermedad de Kawasaki. El 15,7% tuvo alteraciones coronarias leves. Son factores de riesgo de aparición de aneurismas coronarios el sexo masculino, exantema urticariforme y PCR elevada (AU)


Introduction: Kawasaki disease is an acute systemic vasculitis of childhood, of unknown origin, and is considered the leading cause of acquired heart disease in children. Therefore, it is important to know clinical manifestations and complications in children with Kawasaki disease in our environment and to look for risk factors for the development of cardiac complications. Material and methods: Retrospective review of 76 children with Kawasaki disease evaluated from January 1997 to May 2008. Results: Of the patients studied, 64.5% were males. The mean age was 3 years and 4 months. The main clinical findings were fever (mean of 8.13 days), rash, bilateral non-exudative conjunctivitis, changes in lips and oral cavity, changes in the extremities, cervical lymphadenopathy and arthralgias. The most important laboratory findings were leucocytosis, thrombocytosis, elevated C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, hypoalbuminaemia, hyperbilirubinaemia, elevated serum transaminases and sterile pyuria. Twelve of the patients (15.7%) developed coronary artery aneurysms, two patients had a mild mitral insufficiency and one patient with a mild pericardial effusion. There was one case of cholestatic hepatitis. All the complications were resolved without sequelae. Male sex (OR = 1.24), an urticarial exanthem (OR = 10.53) and a C-reactive protein > 10 mg/dl(OR = 4.20) were identified as risk factors for coronary aneurysms. Conclusions: Our patients had the typical clinical and laboratory findings of Kawasaki disease. Mild coronary artery complications were observed in 15.7% of the patients. Male sex, an urticarial exanthem and an elevated C-reactive protein are risk factors for coronary aneurysms (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Síndrome de Linfonodos Mucocutâneos/complicações , Aneurisma Coronário/etiologia , Síndrome de Linfonodos Mucocutâneos/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Aneurisma Coronário/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Inflamação/fisiopatologia , Proteína C-Reativa/análise
14.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 74(4): 232-8, 2011 Apr.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21296631

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Kawasaki disease is an acute systemic vasculitis of childhood, of unknown origin, and is considered the leading cause of acquired heart disease in children. Therefore, it is important to know clinical manifestations and complications in children with Kawasaki disease in our environment and to look for risk factors for the development of cardiac complications. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective review of 76 children with Kawasaki disease evaluated from January 1997 to May 2008. RESULTS: Of the patients studied, 64.5% were males. The mean age was 3 years and 4 months. The main clinical findings were fever (mean of 8.13 days), rash, bilateral non-exudative conjunctivitis, changes in lips and oral cavity, changes in the extremities, cervical lymphadenopathy and arthralgias. The most important laboratory findings were leucocytosis, thrombocytosis, elevated C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, hypoalbuminaemia, hyperbilirubinaemia, elevated serum transaminases and sterile pyuria. Twelve of the patients (15.7%) developed coronary artery aneurysms, two patients had a mild mitral insufficiency and one patient with a mild pericardial effusion. There was one case of cholestatic hepatitis. All the complications were resolved without sequelae. Male sex (OR = 1.24), an urticarial exanthem (OR = 10.53) and a C-reactive protein > 10mg/dl (OR = 4.20) were identified as risk factors for coronary aneurysms. CONCLUSIONS: Our patients had the typical clinical and laboratory findings of Kawasaki disease. Mild coronary artery complications were observed in 15.7% of the patients. Male sex, an urticarial exanthem and an elevated C-reactive protein are risk factors for coronary aneurysms.


Assuntos
Aneurisma Coronário/etiologia , Síndrome de Linfonodos Mucocutâneos/complicações , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco
15.
Bol. pediatr ; 51(217): 165-168, 2011. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-93121

RESUMO

Introducción y objetivos. La alergia/intolerancia a proteínas de leche de vaca incluye entre sus manifestaciones la diarrea, en ocasiones sanguinolenta (enterocolitis hemorrágica). El objetivo del estudio es establecer si existe relación entre los pacientes con enterocolitis hemorrágica y el incremento de IgE específica para leche de vaca. Sujetos y métodos Revisión de los menores de un mes ingresados en la unidad de lactantes del Hospital Infantil Niño Jesús entre 2000 y 2006, con diagnóstico de sospecha de intolerancia a proteínas de leche de vaca. Las variables estudiadas fueron: edad al ingreso, sexo, tiempo de gestación, tipo de parto, peso de recién nacido, tipo de lactancia, antecedentes familiares de alergia, sintomatología al ingreso, alteraciones en la exploración física al ingreso e IgE específica para proteína de leche de vaca. Resultados Se incluyeron 33 pacientes, 25 fueron varones(69%). En un 44% de los pacientes se encontró sangre en las heces. La IgE específica sólo fue positiva en el 15,1%. En la mitad de los pacientes que presentaban diarrea se encontró sangre en heces (8/16). En 5 se detectó una elevación de la IgE específica, pero en ninguno se evidenció sangre en heces. Conclusiones En nuestro estudio no parece encontrarse relación entre la enterocolitis hemorrágica y la positivización de las IgE específicas. Sin embargo, no se puede descartar que los pacientes con deposiciones sanguinolentas presenten alergia a proteínas de leche de vaca no mediada por IgE (intolerancia a proteínas de leche de vaca) (AU)


Introduction. Cow’s milk protein allergy / intolerance, includes among its manifestations diarrhea, occasionally with blood (hemorrhagic proctocolitis). The aim of our study is to determine if there is relationship between patients with hemorrhagic proctocolitis and cow´s milk specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) elevation .Subjects and methods. We studied patients younger than one month hospitalized at Hospital Infantil Niño Jesus’ breast-fed babies service since 2000 to 2006, diagnosed of cow’s milk protein intolerance. Age, sex, gestation time, type of childbirth, newborn weight, type of feeding, allergy familiar precedents, clinical manifestations, physical exploration features and specific IgE were the variables we studied. Results. 33 patients were included, 25 were males (69%).Bloody stools were found in 44% of the patients. Specific IgE was positive only in 15,1%. We found blood in stools in half of the patients who had presented diarrhea (8/16). Five patients presented specific IgE elevation but none of them had bloody stools. Conclusions. Our study does not find relationship between hemorrhagic proctocolitis and the specific IgE positivization. However no mediated IgE cow’s milk protein allergy (intolerance) is not be able to rule out at patients with bloody stools (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Enterocolite/complicações , Hipersensibilidade a Leite/complicações , Proteínas do Leite/efeitos adversos , Intolerância à Lactose/complicações , Sangue Oculto , Imunoglobulina E/análise , Hipersensibilidade Imediata/complicações
16.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 12(48): 575-581, oct.-dic. 2010. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-84731

RESUMO

Objetivo: valorar si existen signos y/o síntomas clínicos en pacientes con bronquiolitis que sean sugestivos de la presencia de una neumonía asociada. Pacientes y métodos: estudio prospectivo longitudinal, realizado en el Hospital Universitario Infantil Niño Jesús de Madrid en una muestra de de 342 niños entre noviembre de 2006 y marzo de 2008. Se incluyeron pacientes ingresados con diagnóstico de bronquiolitis menores de siete meses de edad a los que se realizó radiografía de tórax. Resultados: la edad media fue de 2,7 meses, siendo el test de detección rápida para virus respiratorio sincitial (VRS) positivo en 226 niños. Del total de pacientes, un 38,42% fue diagnosticado de neumonía. Se midieron diversas variables, en las que se observaron resultados significativos en los pacientes con neumonía en cuanto a la media del valor de leucocitos (13 590 cl/μl; desviación estándar [DE]: 5200), para el valor de los neutrófilos totales (7520 cl/μl; DE: 4330) y el valor medio de la proteína C reactiva (PCR) (2,17 mg/dl; DE: 3,67). También se obtuvo significación estadística en cuanto a las odds ratio para dificultad respiratoria, presencia de fiebre en el domicilio, número total de neutrófilos mayor de 7 500 cl/μl, y para un valor de PCR mayor de 3 mg/dl. Conclusiones: en pacientes que presentan un cuadro de bronquiolitis, no existe ningún dato clínico que haga sospechar la presencia de neumonía. Consideramos interesante realizar más estudios con el objetivo de identificar otros indicadores que permitan sospechar neumonía en los pacientes diagnosticados de bronquiolitis (AU)


Objective: the aim of this study is to detect signs and/or symptoms in patients with bronchiolitis that can be suggestive of the presence of an associated pneumonia. Patients and methods: prospective, longitudinal study at the Children’s Universitary Hospital of the Jesus Child in Madrid in a sample of 342 children between November 2006 and March 2008. We included all the patients hospitalized with bronchiolitis under seven months of age who underwent chest radiography. Results: mean age was 2.7 months. Rapid RSV test was positive in 226 children. Pneumonia was diagnosed in 38.42% of the patients. We measured several variables; significant results were observed in patients with pneumonia on the average value of leucocytes (13,590 cl/μl, SD 5,20), for the value of total neutrophils (7,520 cl/μl, SD 4,33) and the mean value of CRP (2.17 mg/dl, SD 3.67). Statistical significance was also obtained regarding the OR for respiratory distress, presence of fever at home, total number of neutrophils greater than 7,500 cl/μl and CRP value greater than 3 mg/dl. Conclusions: in patients with symptoms of bronchiolitis, there is no clinical information that can suggest the presence of pneumonia. It is interesting to consider further studies in order to identify other indicators which suggest pneumonia in patients diagnosed with bronchiolitis (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Bronquiolite/complicações , Bronquiolite/diagnóstico , Pneumonia/complicações , Pneumonia/diagnóstico , Radiografia Torácica/métodos , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos Longitudinais , Razão de Chances , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório do Recém-Nascido/complicações , Modelos Logísticos , Intervalos de Confiança
17.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 11(44): 587-595, oct.-dic. 2009. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-76287

RESUMO

Objetivo: estudiar la relación existente entre la exposición pasiva domiciliaria al tabacoy padecer bronquiolitis y/o episodios de cuadros respiratorios con sibilancias en niños de 0 a7 años pertenecientes a una consulta pediátrica de Atención Primaria (AP) de Madrid.Pacientes y métodos: estudio retrospectivo transversal llevado a cabo con los datos obtenidosmediante cuestionarios realizados a 506 niños de hasta 7 años de edad, pertenecientes auna consulta pediátrica de AP. Se utilizaron el test de χ2 y la odds ratio para comparar porcentajes.Se realizó un análisis multivariante con regresión logística y una regresión lineal múltiple.Resultados: de la totalidad de niños estudiados, el 24,11% presentó bronquiolitis y el26,87%, episodios de broncoespasmo. El análisis multivariante mostró que la presencia debronquiolitis está asociada positivamente con el tabaquismo materno, y que la aparición deepisodios de broncoespasmo se asocia al hecho de haber padecido bronquiolitis. El númerode episodios de broncoespasmo está asociado positivamente con el hecho de haber padecidobronquiolitis previa, con una gestación cuya duración hubiese sido menor de 36 semanas ycon el número total de cigarrillos fumados por los padres.Conclusiones: el tabaquismo materno constituye un factor de riesgo para padecer bronquiolitis;ésta, a su vez, resulta un factor de riesgo para presentar episodios de bronquitis asmatiformeposteriormente; asimismo, con respecto al número de episodios de broncoespasmo alaño, los factores de riesgo relacionados son: haber padecido una bronquiolitis previa, el númerode cigarrillos fumados por los padres y un embarazo que haya durado menos de 36 semanas (AU)


Objective: to study the relationship between domestic passive smoking and bronchiolitisand/or asthmatic bronchitis episodes in children under 7 years from a Primary Care paediatricclinic in Madrid. Subjects and methods: cross-sectional retrospective study. Information was collected byquestionnaires in 506 children aged less than 7 years. The chi-square test was used to comparepercentages. A multiple logistic and lineal regression was carried out.Results: twenty four and eleven percent of children had bronchiolitis and 26.87% sufferedasthmatic bronchitis episodes. Multivariant analysis showed that bronchiolitis was positivelyassociated with maternal smoking and asthmatic bronchitis episodes were associatedwith previous bronchiolitis. The number of respiratory events was positively associated withprevious bronchiolitis, with a history of prematurity and with the total amount of cigarettessmoked per day by both parents.Conclusions: maternal smoking is a risk factor for bronchiolitis, which in turn is a risk factorfor future asthmatic bronchitis episodes. The risk factors related to the number of asthmaticbronchitis episodes per year are: other previous bronchiolitis, the number of cigarettessmoked by parents and a history of prematurity(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Poluição por Fumaça de Tabaco/efeitos adversos , Poluição por Fumaça de Tabaco/prevenção & controle , Atenção Primária à Saúde/métodos , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Doenças Respiratórias/complicações , Doenças Respiratórias/epidemiologia , Sons Respiratórios/diagnóstico , Bronquiolite/complicações , Sons Respiratórios/imunologia , Sons Respiratórios/fisiopatologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Análise Multivariada , Modelos Logísticos
18.
Rev. esp. pediatr. (Ed. impr.) ; 64(6): 438-440, nov.-dic. 2008. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-60236

RESUMO

Introducción: Se ha señalado que las infecciones del tracto urinario (ITU) por gérmenes diferentes a E. Coli se asocian con mas frecuencia a malformaciones vesicoureterales y cicatrices renales. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar las características analíticas y las pruebas de imagen (ECO y CUMS) en lactantes ingresados con el diagnóstico de primera ITU y evaluar si hay diferencias entre aquellas producidas por E. coli y las producidas por otros patógenos. Sujetos y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo en 203 pacientes diagnosticados de primera ITU ingresados en el Servicio de Lactantes de nuestro Hospital entre los años 2003 y 2007. Se recogieron datos de laboratorio al ingreso y se les realizó pruebas de imagen (ECO y CUIMS), junto con un seguimiento posterior en Consultas Externas. Resultados: De los 203 niños incluidos, 174 (85,7%) resultaron positivos para E. coli y 29 (14,3%) para diferentes patógenos no E. coli. Estos últimos presentaron más alteraciones en la ECO que los no E. coli: OR =2,61 (1,12-6,05). Asimismo, presentaron mayor frecuencia de anomalías nefrourológicas, considerando como tal la presencia de alteraciones en la ECO y/o CUMS: OR=4,57 (2,01-10,4). También comprobamos que pacientes cuyos urocultivos fueron positivos para patógenos diferentes a E. coli mostraron más frecuentemente reflujo vesicoureteral grado ≥3 que los E. coli: OR = 7,9 (2,68-27,2), p<0,05. En nuestro estudio no hemos encontrado diferencias en el resto de parámetros analizados (datos epidemiológicos y de laboratorio). Conclusión: De nuestros resultados parece deducirse que aquellos niños que presentan una ITU por gérmenes no E. coli presentan más frecuentemente malformaciones nefrourológicas (AU)


Introduction: It is pointed out that non E. coli urinary tract infections (UTI) are more frequently related to vesicoureteral anomalies and renal scarring. This research aims to analyse the laboratory features and imaging studies (urinary tract ultrasound and cycystourethrography) in hospitalized infants diagnosed as first UTI, as well as evaluating possible differences between those caused by E. coli or other pathogens. Patients and methods: Between 2003 and 2007, medical databases of 203 infants hospitalized in our department for first UTI were reviewed. Initial laboratory data and imaging studies (urinary tract ultrasound and cystourethrography) were collected, together with the follow-up of every infant in outpatient services. Results: Out of the 203 infants included in the research study, 174 (85,7%) were diagnosed as E. coli UTI and 29 (14,3%) as UTI caused by other pathogens. More urinary tract ultrasound anomalies were noted in the latter compared to non E. coli: O.R. = 2.31 (1,12-6,05). In this way they showed higher rates of urinary tract anomalies, if we consider these ones as anomalies in ultrasound and/or cystourethrography, with OR=4.57 (2,01-10,4). We also detected that infants with non E. coli UTI yielded a higher association with ≥3 vesicoureteral reflux compared to E coli UTI: OR = 7,9 (2,68-27,2) P<0,05. We have not detected any other differences between E. coli and non E. Coli UTIs (epidemiologic and laboratory data). Conclusion: According to these results, we assume that infants who suffer form a non- E. coli first UTI are more commonly linked to urinary tract anomalies (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Infecções Urinárias/complicações , Escherichia coli/patogenicidade , Infecções Urinárias/etiologia , Refluxo Vesicoureteral/etiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos
19.
Nefrologia ; 28(3): 283-6, 2008.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18590494

RESUMO

AIMS: To look forward for a formulae able to predict the presence of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in the first urinary tract infection (UTI) in infants. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We had studied all the diagnosticated first UTI in breast-fed babies in our hospital along 21/2 years. All had been subjects of a renal ultrasound scan, VCUG and CRP test. We have analyzed the result by diagnosis test and logistic regression. RESULTS: We have studied 267 infants aged between 2 days and 24 months old.17,33% manifested UTI caused by germs different than E Coli, 40 subjects presented anomalies in the ultrasound scan and 108 manifested VUR. Oostenbruck s score had been useless in detecting VUR subjects. In the multivariable analysis the two variables of anomalies in the ultrasonographic scan and non E Coli caused UIT were the only ones to presented statistical significance to sign the presence of VUR and of the likeness of VUR of grade > or = 3. The negative probability coefficients for infants with ultrasonographics anomalies and/or UTI non E Coli produced were of 0,78 (IC 0,67-0,90) for all degrees of VUR, 0,25 (IC 0,10-0,52) for VUR with degree > or = 3 and 0 (IC 0-0,67) for VUR with degree > or = 4. CONCLUSIONS: We deduced that in children younger of 24 months old that suffer their first UTI the indication to proceeded with a VCUG could be limited to the subjects with present anomalies in the renal ultrasound scan and/or UTI non E Coli, thought there will precised more studies to confirm this findings.


Assuntos
Infecções Urinárias/complicações , Refluxo Vesicoureteral/diagnóstico , Refluxo Vesicoureteral/etiologia , Feminino , Previsões , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino
20.
Nefrología (Madr.) ; 28(3): 283-286, mayo-jun. 2008. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-99070

RESUMO

Objetivos: Buscar fórmulas para predecir la presencia de reflujo vesicuoureteral (RUV) en la primera infección urinaria(ITU) en la infancia. Sujetos y métodos: Se han estudiado todos los niños diagnosticados de la primera ITU en la Sección de Lactantes de nuestro hospital durante 21/2 años. A todos ellos se les realizó ecografía renal, cistografía miccional (CUMS) y determinación de PCR. Se analizaron los resultados mediante regresión logística y los test para pruebas diagnósticas. Resultados: Se estudiaron 267 niños de edades comprendidas entre los 2 días y los 24 meses. El 17,33% presentaron ITU por gérmenes distintos al E Coli, 40 tenían anomalías en la ecografía renal y 108 RUV. La fórmula de Oostenbrink no demostró utilidad para identificar los RUV. En el análisis multivariante la presencia de UTI no E Coli y de anomalías ecográficas fueron las únicas variables que presentaron significación estadística tanto para la presencia de cualquier tipo de RUV como para RUV de grado ³ 3. Los coeficientes de probabilidad negativos para niños con anomalías ecográficas y/o ITU no E Coli fueron de 0,78 (IC0,67-0,90) para cualquier grado de RUV, 0,25 ( IC 0,10-0,52)para RUV con grado ³ 3 y de 0 (IC 0-0,67) para RUV con grado ³ 4.Conclusiones: De nuestro estudio parece deducirse que en los niños menores de 24 meses con una primera ITU, la indicación de realización de un CUMS podría limitarse a los casos con presencia de anomalías en la ecografía renal y/o de ITU no E Coli, aunque son precisos estudios más amplios para confirmar estos hallazgos (AU)


Aims To look forward for a formulae able to predict the presence of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in the first urinary tract infection(UTI) in infants. Subjects and Methods: We had studied all the diagnosticated first UTI in breast-fed babies in our hospital along 21/2 years. All had been subjects of a renal ultrasound scan, VCUG and CRP test. We have analyzed the result by diagnosis test and logistic regression. Results: We have studied 267 infants aged between 2 days and24 months old.17,33% manifested UTI caused by germs different than E Coli, 40 subjects presented anomalies in the ultrasounds can and 108 manifested VUR. Oostenbruck´s score had been useless in detecting VUR subjects. In the multivariable analysis the two variables of anomalies in the ultrasonographics can and non E Coli caused UIT were the only ones to presented statistical significance to sign the presence of VUR and of the likeness of VUR of grade ³ 3. The negative probability coefficients for infants with ultrasonographics anomalies and/or UTI non E Coli produced were of 0,78 (IC 0,67-0,90) for all degrees of VUR, 0,25 (IC 0,10-0,52) for VUR with degree ³ 3 and 0 (IC 0-0,67) for VUR with degree ³ 4.Conclusions: We deduced that in children younger of 24 months old that suffer their first UTI the indication to proceeded with a VCUG could be limited to the subjects with present anomalies in the renal ultrasound scan and/or UTI non E Coli, thought there will précised more studies to confirm this findings (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Infecções Urinárias/complicações , Refluxo Vesicoureteral/prevenção & controle , Testes de Função Renal/métodos , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Bexiga Urinária , Sistema Urinário
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