Black Crust Complex: Influence of Temperature and Period of Wetness on the Development of Fungi in Hevea brasiliensis.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the development of Davidiella sp. and its asexual form, Cladosporium sp., under different environmental conditions in the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis). Rubber tree leaves were inoculated with a spore suspension and kept in a humid chamber under different temperatures and wetness periods. The behavior of the fungi was evaluated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an ultraviolet light microscope (UV). In the images obtained in SEM, four hours after inoculation of the fungus, it was possible to verify the germination and penetration of conidia at temperatures of 10 to 20 °C. The formation of conidiophores was verified from six hours after inoculation, indicating that it is in the reproductive period. In the sexual phase, in SEM, from four hours after inoculation, it was possible to verify the formation of small protuberances at temperatures between 10 and 20 °C. These black dots evolve into circular, protruding black spots, like the symptoms of black crust, with apparent spore formation on them. The data obtained from the UV analyses corroborate those from SEM, showing that the fungus has good development in its two phases between temperatures of 20 and 25 °C and that the period of wetness on the leaf can contribute to the initial development of the pathogen.

Influencia de la NeuroEPO en el corazón fetal en un modelo de insuficiencia placentaria en ratas

Fundamento: la insuficiencia placentaria es la causa más común del retardo del crecimiento intrauterino, que puede provocar alteraciones cardiovasculares. Recientemente, se han desarrollado terapias con eritropoyetina que protegen los tejidos cardiacos con hipoxia. Objetivo: evaluar la influencia de la eritropoyetina recombinante humana con bajo contenido de ácido siálico (NeuroEPO) en el corazón fetal en un modelo de insuficiencia placentaria en ratas. Métodos: se utilizaron 14 ratas Wistar gestadas con ligadura unilateral de la arteria uterina derecha en el día 16 de la gestación. Ese mismo día, a siete ratas se le administró NeuroEPO (0,5 mg/kg/día subcutáneo por tres días) y al resto placebo. En el día 20 de la gestación los fetos se dividieron en cuatro grupos: un grupo control, un grupo con retardo del crecimiento intrauterino, un grupo control NeuroEPO y un grupo con retardo del crecimiento intrauterino y NeuroEPO. En los fetos se obtuvo el peso placentario, peso fetal y la eficacia placentaria. En el estudio histológico se cuantificó el número de cardiomiocitos, número de vasos sanguíneos y cantidad de las fibras de colágenos. Resultados: el grupo con retardo del crecimiento intrauterino presentó una disminución del peso fetal, del número de cardiomiocitos, del número de vasos sanguíneos y un aumento en la cantidad de fibras colágenas (p<0.05). Al tratar con NeuroEPO a los fetos con retardo en el crecimiento intrauterino, aumentó el peso fetal, aunque el peso no fue similar al control. El resto de las variables se comportaron semejantes al control. Conclusiones: la administración de esta molécula mejoró el peso fetal y permitió un equilibrio adecuado en el desarrollo del corazón fetal, quizás, debido a los efectos citoprotectores de esta molécula.

Foundation: placental insufficiency is the most common cause of intrauterine growth retardation, which can cause cardiovascular alterations. Recently, erythropoietin therapies have been developed that protect hypoxic cardiac tissues. Objective: To evaluate the influence of human recombinant erythropoietin with low sialic acid content (NeuroEPO) on the fetal heart in a rat model of placental insufficiency. Methods: 14 Wistar rats gestated with unilateral ligation of the right uterine artery on day 16 of gestation were used. That same day, seven rats were administered NeuroEPO (0.5 mg/kg/day subcutaneously for three days) and the rest received placebo. On day 20 of gestation, the fetuses were divided into four groups: a control group, a group with intrauterine growth retardation, a NeuroEPO control group, and a group with intrauterine growth retardation and NeuroEPO. In the fetuses, placental weight, fetal weight and placental efficiency were obtained. In the histological study, the number of cardiomyocytes, number of blood vessels and quantity of collagen fibers were quantified. Results: the group with intrauterine growth retardation presented a decrease in fetal weight, the number of cardiomyocytes, the number of blood vessels and an increase in the amount of collagen fibers (p<0.05). When fetuses with intrauterine growth retardation were treated with NeuroEPO, fetal weight increased, although the weight was not similar to the control. The rest of the variables behaved similar to the control. Conclusions: the administration of this molecule improved fetal weight and allowed an adequate balance in the development of the fetal heart, perhaps due to the cytoprotective effects of this molecule.

Prevalence of dental caries, periodontal disease, malocclusion, and tooth wear in indigenous populations in Brazil: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The aim of this review was to evaluate the prevalence of dental caries, periodontal disease, malocclusion, and tooth wear in indigenous in Brazil. A systematic review of observational studies was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines (CRD42020218704). The search strategy involved the electronic databases of Embase, LILACS, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and the CAPES Theses and Dissertations for gray literature. The eligibility criteria consisted of publications that assessed the prevalence of oral conditions in indigenous populations in Brazil. Studies with indigenous people living in urban area were excluded. The risk of bias was evaluated by using JBI Critical Appraisal for prevalence studies. Thirty studies were included in the review, and the majority showed a low risk of bias. A meta-analysis of 20 studies was conducted using the random-effects model and a 95% confidence interval. Several ethnicities were studied in isolation or in groups (n = 7,627 for dental caries; n = 2,774 for periodontal disease; n = 1,067 for malocclusion; n = 150 for tooth wear). The prevalence of caries ranged from 50% among indigenous people aged 18-36 months to 100% among those aged 65-74 years. The prevalence of periodontal disease ranged from 58% to 83%. The prevalence of malocclusion was 43%. Tooth wear was assessed in only one ethnic group and showed a prevalence of 100% in indigenous people aged >18 years. The certainty of evidence assessed by the GRADE system ranged from very low to moderate. This systematic review showed significant differences in the prevalence of dental caries, periodontal disease and malocclusion between indigenous population groups and territories in which indigenous people live.

Rare genetic variants involved in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: a multicenter Brazilian cohort study.

Introduction: Despite the existing data on the Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C), the factors that determine these patients evolution remain elusive. Answers may lie, at least in part, in genetics. It is currently under investigation that MIS-C patients may have an underlying innate error of immunity (IEI), whether of monogenic, digenic, or even oligogenic origin. Methods: To further investigate this hypothesis, 30 patients with MIS-C were submitted to whole exome sequencing. Results: Analyses of genes associated with MIS-C, MIS-A, severe covid-19, and Kawasaki disease identified twenty-nine patients with rare potentially damaging variants (50 variants were identified in 38 different genes), including those previously described in IFNA21 and IFIH1 genes, new variants in genes previously described in MIS-C patients (KMT2D, CFB, and PRF1), and variants in genes newly associated to MIS-C such as APOL1, TNFRSF13B, and G6PD. In addition, gene ontology enrichment pointed to the involvement of thirteen major pathways, including complement system, hematopoiesis, immune system development, and type II interferon signaling, that were not yet reported in MIS-C. Discussion: These data strongly indicate that different gene families may favor MIS- C development. Larger cohort studies with healthy controls and other omics approaches, such as proteomics and RNAseq, will be precious to better understanding the disease dynamics.

Perfil epidemiológico e cobertura vacinal do sarampo no Brasil / Epidemiological profile and vaccination coverage of measles in Brazil

Verificar o perfil epidemiológico e a cobertura vacinal do sarampo no Brasil.Foi realizado um estudo epidemiológico descritivo retrospectivo a respeito da cobertura vacinal do sarampo no Brasil a partir de dados disponibilizados pelo Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde. A partir da análise dos dados, observou-se maior número de casos na região Norte. O maior número de casos registrados foi no ano de 2019. Os indivíduos mais acometidos eram do sexo masculino. A faixa etária ≤ 1 ano representou 41,12% dos casos, e pessoas de cor parda, 47% dos casos. Foram registrados 6 óbitos no período estudado. Por fim, em relação à cobertura vacinal do imunizante tríplice viral, observou-se maior cobertura no ano de 2019. Dentre as regiões geográficas, o maior índice de cobertura foi na região Sul. Percebe-se a necessidade de intensificação de campanhas de conscientização sobre a importância vacinal.

To verify the status and the immunization coverage of measles in Brazil It is a descriptive retrospective epidemiological study about the immunization coverage of measles in Brazil based on data provided by the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System.From the data analysis, there was a greater number of cases in the North region. The highest number of registered cases was in 2019. The most affected individuals were males. The age group ≤ 1 year old represented 41,12% of cases, and people of mixed color, 47% of cases. Six deaths occurred during the study period. Finally, in relation to vaccination coverage, with immunization with two doses of the MMR vaccine, there was greater coverage in 2019. Among the geographic regions, the highest coverage index was in the South region. There is a need to intensify awareness campaigns about the importance of vaccination.

Effects of Chloramine T on zebrafish embryos malformations associated with cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity.

Chloramine T, a sodium p-toluene sulfonchloramide, is known to possess a wide spectrum of biocidal activity and is employed as a disinfectant in fish farms to treat bacterial infections. Although Chloramine T may effectively combat pathogens, the sublethal and lethal effects and changes in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity remain poorly elucidated using Danio rerio (zebrafish) embryos. Zebrafish is considered a model organism for toxicant screening research and exhibits mammalian-like physiological responses when exposed to environmental pollutants. The aim of this study was to (1) determine LC50 of Chloramine T after 96 hr exposure, (2) verify disinfectant effects on developmental morphology, and (3) evaluate the disinfectant effects on AChE activity in zebrafish embryos. Chloramine T exposure was performed using 16, 32, 64, 128, or 256 mg/L concentrations. The mortality LC50 values were 143.05 ± 3.11 and 130.97 ± 7.4 mg/L at 24 and 96 hr, respectively. Data demonstrated delayed hatching, reduced heartbeats, cardiac edema, and equilibrium disruption of hatched larvae throughout embryonic development. In addition, Chloramine T inhibited AChE activity at 64 or 128 mg/L after 96 hr treatment, corroborating the sub-lethality results observed in zebrafish embryo development and demonstrating an equilibrium disruption in zebrafish larvae.

Increased expression of the pathological O-glycosylated form of oncofetal fibronectin in the multidrug resistance phenotype of cancer cells.

Changes in protein glycosylation are a hallmark of transformed cells and modulate numerous phenomena associated with cancer progression, such as the acquisition of multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype. Different families of glycosyltransferases and their products have already been described as possible modulators of the MDR phenotype. Among the glycosyltransferases intensively studied in cancer research, UDP-N-acetyl-d-galactosamine:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase-6 (pp-GalNAc-T6), which is widely expressed in many organs and tissues, stands out. Its influence in several events associated with kidney, oral, pancreatic, renal, lung, gastric and breast cancer progression has already been described. However, its participation in the MDR phenotype has never been studied. Here, we demonstrate that human breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 MDR cell lines, generated by chronic exposure to doxorubicin, in addition to exhibiting increased expression of proteins belonging to the ABC superfamily (ABCC1 and ABCG2), and anti-apoptotic proteins (Blcl-2 and Bcl-xL), also present high expression of pp-GalNAc-T6, the enzyme currently proposed as the main responsible for the biosynthesis of oncofetal fibronectin (onf-FN), a major extracellular matrix component expressed by cancer cells and embryonic tissues, but absent in healthy cells. Our results show that onf-FN, which is generated by the addition of a GalNAc unit at a specific threonine residue inside the type III homology connective segment (IIICS) domain of FN, is strongly upregulated during the acquisition of the MDR phenotype. Also, the silencing of pp-GalNAc-T6, not only compromises the expression of the oncofetal glycoprotein, but also made the MDR cells more sensitive to all anticancer drugs tested, partially reversing the MDR phenotype. Taken together, our results demonstrate for the first time the upregulation of the O-glycosylated oncofetal fibronectin, as well as the direct participation of pp-GalNAc-T6 during the acquisition of a MDR phenotype in a breast cancer model, giving credence to the hypothesis that in transformed cells, glycosyltransferases and/or their products, such as unusual extracellular matrix glycoproteins can be used as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of cancer.

Recognized death: anticipatory grief experience of relatives of patients at the end of life / Muerte reconocida: experiencia de duelo anticipatorio de familiares de pacientes al final de la vida / A morte reconhecida: experiência de luto antecipatório de familiares de pacientes em final de vida

The Home Care Service (SAD) provides home palliative care to patients with advanced stage cancer and their families. Mourning is a subjective, dynamic process, experienced in a unique way by the subject who has lost something/someone important to him/her. Thus, the objective was to understand the anticipatory grief experience of family members of terminal cancer patients, accompanied by a SAD, 11 family members with a heterogeneous profile participated in the study. The method used was the Focus Group, whose content analysis indicated that anticipatory grief was processed from three categories: meeting with the severity of the disease; family and care; psychic elaboration of anticipatory grief. It can be concluded that being accompanied by the SAD proves to be a facilitating element for the elaboration of anticipatory grief and a protection factor against a complicated future grief.

El Servicio de Atención Domiciliaria (SAD) proporciona cuidados paliativos a domicilio a pacientes con cáncer en estadio avanzado y sus familias. El duelo es un proceso subjetivo, dinámico, vivido de manera única por el sujeto que ha perdido algo/alguien importante para él/ella. Así, el objetivo fue comprender la experiencia de duelo anticipatorio de familiares de pacientes oncológicos terminales, acompañados de un SAD, participaron del estudio 11 familiares con perfil heterogéneo. El método utilizado fue el Grupo Focal, cuyo análisis de contenido indicó que el duelo anticipatorio fue procesado a partir de tres categorías: encuentro con la gravedad de la enfermedad; familia y cuidados; elaboración psíquica del duelo anticipatorio. Se puede concluir que el acompañamiento del SAD resulta ser un elemento facilitador para la elaboración del duelo anticipado y un factor de protección frente a un duelo futuro complicado.

O Serviço de Atendimento Domiciliar (SAD) presta cuidados paliativos domiciliares aos pacientes com câncer em estágio avançado e à sua família, nesse contexto inexoravelmente observa-se variados processos de lutos. O luto trata-se de um processo subjetivo, dinâmico, vivido de maneira singular pelo sujeito que perdeu algo/alguém importante para si. Assim, o objetivo foi compreender a experiência de luto antecipatório de familiares de pacientes oncológicos em terminalidade, acompanhados por um SAD, participaram do estudo 11 familiares de perfil heterogêneo. O método utilizado foi o Grupo Focal, cuja análise de conteúdo indicou que o luto antecipatório se processou a partir de três categorias: encontro com a gravidade da doença; família e cuidado; elaboração psíquica do luto antecipatório. Pode-se concluir que ser acompanhado pelo SAD demonstra ser elemento facilitador para elaboração do luto antecipatório e fator de proteção de um futuro luto complicado.

Chemokine receptors on human regulatory T cells during cutaneous leishmaniasis.

The aim of this work was to define the population of regulatory T cells (Tregs) which are circulating in the blood of Leishmania infected individuals clinically displaying a lesion (active disease-AD) and sub-clinical (SC) ones. We have individually collected blood samples, processed the PBMC and stained with fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies against CD3, CD4, Foxp3, CD25, CTLA-4, Ki-67, CCR4, CCR5, and CCR7. Cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Our results suggest that CD25 and CTLA-4 are upregulated in Tregs of AD patients when compared to SC and uninfected (UN) controls. Moreover, Tregs proliferate upon infection based on Ki-67 nuclear antigen staining. Finally, we have observed that these Tregs of SC and AD patients upregulate CCR4, but not CCR5 and CCR7. There is an increase in the number of circulating Tregs in the blood of Leishmania infected individuals. These cells are potentially more suppressive based on the increased upregulation of CD25 and CTLA-4 during clinical infection (AD) when compared to SC infection. Tregs of both SC and AD cohorts are proliferating and express CCR4, which potentially guide them to the skin, but do not upregulate CCR5 and CCR7.

Prevalence of dental caries, periodontal disease, malocclusion, and tooth wear in indigenous populations in Brazil: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract The aim of this review was to evaluate the prevalence of dental caries, periodontal disease, malocclusion, and tooth wear in indigenous in Brazil. A systematic review of observational studies was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines (CRD42020218704). The search strategy involved the electronic databases of Embase, LILACS, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and the CAPES Theses and Dissertations for gray literature. The eligibility criteria consisted of publications that assessed the prevalence of oral conditions in indigenous populations in Brazil. Studies with indigenous people living in urban area were excluded. The risk of bias was evaluated by using JBI Critical Appraisal for prevalence studies. Thirty studies were included in the review, and the majority showed a low risk of bias. A meta-analysis of 20 studies was conducted using the random-effects model and a 95% confidence interval. Several ethnicities were studied in isolation or in groups (n = 7,627 for dental caries; n = 2,774 for periodontal disease; n = 1,067 for malocclusion; n = 150 for tooth wear). The prevalence of caries ranged from 50% among indigenous people aged 18-36 months to 100% among those aged 65-74 years. The prevalence of periodontal disease ranged from 58% to 83%. The prevalence of malocclusion was 43%. Tooth wear was assessed in only one ethnic group and showed a prevalence of 100% in indigenous people aged >18 years. The certainty of evidence assessed by the GRADE system ranged from very low to moderate. This systematic review showed significant differences in the prevalence of dental caries, periodontal disease and malocclusion between indigenous population groups and territories in which indigenous people live.

A Novel Protocol for the Synthesis of 1,2,4-Oxadiazoles Active against Trypanosomatids and Drug-Resistant Leukemia Cell Lines.

Cancer and parasitic diseases, such as leishmaniasis and Chagas disease, share similarities that allow the co-development of new antiproliferative agents as a strategy to quickly track the discovery of new drugs. This strategy is especially interesting regarding tropical neglected diseases, for which chemotherapeutic alternatives are extremely outdated. We designed a series of (E)-3-aryl-5-(2-aryl-vinyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazoles based on the reported antiparasitic and anticancer activities of structurally related compounds. The synthesis of such compounds led to the development of a new, fast, and efficient strategy for the construction of a 1,2,4-oxadiazole ring on a silica-supported system under microwave irradiation. One hit compound (23) was identified during the in vitro evaluation against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant chronic myeloid leukemia cell lines (EC50 values ranging from 5.5 to 13.2 µM), Trypanosoma cruzi amastigotes (EC50 = 2.9 µM) and Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes (EC50 = 12.2 µM) and amastigotes (EC50 = 13.5 µM). In silico studies indicate a correlation between the in vitro activity and the interaction with tubulin at the colchicine binding site. Furthermore, ADMET in silico predictions indicate that the compounds possess a high druggability potential due to their physicochemical, pharmacokinetic, and toxicity profiles, and for hit 23, it was identified by multiple spectroscopic approaches that this compound binds with human serum albumin (HSA) via a spontaneous ground-state association with a moderate affinity driven by entropically and enthalpically energies into subdomain IIA (site I) without significantly perturbing the secondary content of the protein.

Intervenções de enfermagem no cuidado aos pacientes portadores de arritmias cardíacas / Intervenciones de enfermería en el cuidado de pacientes con arritmia cardíaca / Nursing interventions in the care of patients with heart arrhythmia

Objetivo: as arritmias cardíacas acometem mais de 20 milhões de brasileiros, desse modo, o presente estudo objetiva realizar um levantamento sobre as intervenções de enfermagem diante de um quadro de arritmia em ambiente hospitalar. Método: trata-se de revisão integrativa de literatura de caráter descritivo, realizada entre janeiro e fevereiro de 2022. Por meio de buscas na biblioteca virtual de saúde BVS (Lilacs, Medline, BDEnf, IBECs, PAHO) e Scielo BDenf de artigos publicados nos últimos 5 anos. Resultados: os enfermeiros têm aptidão para identificar anormalidades no ritmo cardíaco. A compreensão das complicações pós-operatórias contribui para a elaboração de um plano de cuidado mais eficaz. As intervenções de enfermagem devem ser pautadas no monitoramento da arritmia, bem como orientação sobre o uso dos antiarrítmicos e esclarecimento de dúvidas sobre a doença. Conclusão: é imprescindível a atuação do enfermeiro na assistência a pacientes com arritmias cardíacas, o qual necessitam monitorar os sinais vitais para determinar o efeito hemodinâmico de tal problema cardíaco, manter uma atitude tranquilizadora e compartilhar informações sobre a patologia e seu tratamento.(AU)

Objective: cardiac arrhythmias affect more than 20 million Brazilians, thus, the present study aims to carry out a survey on nursing interventions in the face of arrhythmia in a hospital environment. Method: Method: this is an integrative literature review of a descriptive nature, carried out between January and February 2022. Through searches in the virtual health library VHL (Lilacs, Medline, BDEnf, IBECs, PAHO) and Scielo. Results: nurses are able to identify heart rhythm abnormalities. Understanding postoperative complications contributes to the development of a more effective care plan. Nursing interventions should be guided by the monitoring of arrhythmia, as well as guidance on the use of antiarrhythmics and clarification of doubts about the disease. Conclusion: it is essential for nurses to assist patients with cardiac arrhythmias, who need to monitor vital signs to determine the hemodynamic effect of such a heart problem, maintain a reassuring attitude and share information about the pathology and its treatment.(AU)

Objetivo: las arritmias cardíacas afectan a más de 20 millones de brasileños, por lo tanto, el presente estudio tiene como objetivo realizar una encuesta sobre las intervenciones de enfermería frente a la arritmia en un ambiente hospitalario. Método: se trata de una revisión integrativa de la literatura de carácter descriptivo, realizada entre enero y febrero de 2022. Mediante búsquedas en la biblioteca virtual en salud BVS (Lilacs, Medline, BDEnf, IBECs, PAHO) y Scielo. Resultados: los enfermeros logran identificar alteraciones del ritmo cardíaco. Comprender las complicaciones posoperatorias contribuye al desarrollo de un plan de atención más eficaz. Las intervenciones de enfermería deben estar guiadas por el seguimiento de la arritmia, así como orientación sobre el uso de antiarrítmicos y aclaración de dudas sobre la enfermedad. Conclusión: es fundamental que los enfermeros ayuden a los pacientes con arritmias cardíacas, que necesitan monitorear los signos vitales para determinar el efecto hemodinámico de tal problema cardíaco, mantener una actitud tranquilizadora y compartir información sobre la patología y su tratamiento.(AU)

Illustrated booklet of Brazilian sign language for dentistry.

AIMS: This manuscript aimed to produce an illustrated booklet of Brazilian sign language (LIBRAS) booklet to facilitate the communication between dentists (and academics) and deaf patients during dental treatment and other healthcare promotion activities. METHODS AND RESULTS: A literature review was conducted to select signs, symptoms, and diseases related to dentistry expressed in LIBRAS; in addition, photographs were taken to illustrate and produce the booklet. The booklet (in PDF format) was made available on an open-access website and printed copies were freely distributed at the dental clinics of the Federal University of Pará. CONCLUSION: Learning of specific LIBRAS is extremely important to guarantee social inclusion and improve dental treatment of deaf patients.

Análise de variantes genéticas patogênicas na Síndrome Inflamatória Multissistêmica Pediátrica / Analysis of pathogenic genetic variants in Pediatric Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome

Introdução. Alguns meses após o início da pandemia de COVID-19, houve o surgimento de uma nova síndrome que acomete crianças e adolescentes. Suas manifestações clínicas são potencialmente graves e se assemelham à doença de Kawasaki, sendo caracterizadas por resposta inflamatória exacerbada e acometimento de múltiplos órgãos. Esse fenótipo recebeu o nome de síndrome inflamatória multissistêmica pediátrica (SIM-P). Apesar do grande número de publicações sobre a resposta imune de pacientes com SIM-P nos meses que se seguiram, permanecem obscuros os fatores determinantes na evolução destes pacientes. Estas respostas podem residir, pelo menos em parte, na genética. Especula-se que pelo menos uma parte dos pacientes com SIM-P possa ter um algum Erro Inato da Imunidade (EII) subjacente, seja de origem monogênica, digênica ou mesmo oligogênica. Objetivo. Identificar pacientes que apresentem o fenótipo da SIM-P, descrever suas manifestações clínicas, exames laboratoriais e evolução, além de buscar variantes genéticas patogênicas e provavelmente patogênicas que possam estar relacionadas ao fenótipo através do sequenciamento de exoma completo. Metodologia. Estudo observacional, descritivo, do tipo série de casos, longitudinal (retrospectivo e prospectivo) e multicêntrico. Foi realizada revisão de prontuário médico, além de exames laboratoriais e de imagem. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue dos pacientes participantes para realização de sequenciamento de exoma. Durante a análise das variantes genéticas encontradas, foram consideradas a frequência alélica, preditores para avaliação da patogenicidade das variantes e a relevância clínica das mesmas. Resultados. Um total de 29 pacientes foram incluídos, a mediana de idade foi de 6 anos, a maioria dos pacientes eram do sexo feminino (62%) e apenas 10% apresentavam comorbidades, sendo a asma a mais comum (7%). Os pacientes apresentaram uma mediana de 6 dias de febre e o fenótipo clínico mais frequente foi disfunção cardíaca aguda (48,1%) seguido de pacientes com manifestações Kawasaki-like (33,3%). Foram identificados 16 pacientes com variantes patogênicas ou provavelmente patogênicas. Nesses casos, um total de 22 variantes foram identificadas em 11 genes diferentes: BLK, CFB, ERAP1, FCN3, INFA21, IFIH1, MASP2, MPO, PRF1, TNFRSF13B e ZFHX3. Conclusão. Dentre os genes identificados, há uma predominância de genes relacionados ao sistema complemento, a resposta à infecção viral e a função das células B, todas vias importantes na infecção pelo SARS-CoV-2. Para melhor compreender quais são os fatores determinantes desta doença, são necessárias outras estratégias de busca de variantes, coortes maiores, estudos com controles saudáveis e outras formas de investigação como análise de HLA, proteômica e RNAseq.

Introduction. A few months after the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, there was the emergence of a new syndrome that affects children and adolescents. Its clinical manifestations are potentially severe and resemble Kawasaki's disease, being characterized by an exacerbated inflammatory response and involvement of multiple organs. This phenotype was named multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Despite the large number of publications on MIS C patients' immune response in the months that followed, the determining factors in the evolution of these patients remain elusive. Answers may lie, at least in part, in genetics. It is speculated that at least a part of MIS-C patients may have some underlying innate error of immunity (IEI), whether of monogenic, digenic or even oligogenic origin. Goal. Identify patients who present the clinical phenotype of SIM-P, describe their clinical manifestations, laboratory tests and evolution, in addition to search for pathogenic and likely pathogenic genetic variants that may be related to the phenotype through whole exome sequencing. Methodology. Observational, descriptive, case series, longitudinal (retrospective and prospective) and multicenter study. A review of medical records was performed, in addition to laboratory and imaging tests. Blood samples were collected from participating patients for exome sequencing. During the analysis of the genetic variants found, the allele frequency, predictors for evaluating the pathogenicity of the variants and their clinical relevance were considered. Results. A total of 29 patients were included, the median age was 6 years, most patients were female (62%) and only 10% had comorbidities, with asthma being the most common (7%). Patients had a median of 6 days of fever and the most frequent clinical phenotype was acute cardiac dysfunction (48%) followed by patients with Kawasaki-like manifestations (33%). Sixteen patients with pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants were identified. In these cases, a total of 22 variants were identified in 11 different genes: BLK, CFB, ERAP1, FCN3, INFA21, IFIH1, MASP2, MPO, PRF1, TNFRSF13B e ZFHX3. Conclusion. Among the genes identified, there is a predominance of genes related to the complement system, response to viral infection and the B cell function, all important pathways in SARS-CoV-2 infection. To better understand what are the determining factors of this disease, other strategies are needed to search for variants, larger cohorts, studies with healthy controls and other forms of investigation such as analysis of HLA, proteomics and RNAseq.

Políticas públicas de desporto e municípios: arcabouço legal no Brasil e em Portugal / Public sports policies and municipalities: legal background in Brazil and in Portugal

O incentivo à descentralização de políticas parte do pressuposto que a proximidade com o cidadão garante maior eficiência na alocação de recursos em políticas de sua preferência. O presente estudo buscou compreender a participação do poder local à efetivação do direito ao deporto, de forma comparativa entre Brasil e Portugal, a partir da análise das normas produzidas no período pós-constituição dos dois países. O quadro normativo de atenção ao direito se distingue. No Brasil, as normas não enfrentaram a questão da participação dos municípios na oferta do direito. Em Portugal foram construídos um conjunto de normas buscando estruturar o comportamento das câmaras municipais em matéria esportiva. No entanto, essa distinção não implica, necessariamente, que a questão da implementação das políticas esteja equacionada. Para os dois países a questão do financiamento é uma agenda a ser enfrentada pelo quadro normativo que afeta o acesso ao direito.

The encouragement of policy decentralization is based on the assumption that proximity to the citizen ensures greater efficiency in the allocation of resources in policies of their choice. This paper sought to understand the participation of local government in the realization of the right to sports, in a comparative manner between Brazil and Portugal, based on the analysis of the norms produced in the postconstitution period of both countries. The normative framework of attention to the right is distinctive. In Brazil, the norms did not face the question of municipality participation in the offering of the right. In Portugal, a set of norms was built seeking to structure the behavior of municipal councils in sports matters. However, this distinction does not necessarily imply that the issue of policy implementation is being considered. For both countries, the issue of financing is an agenda to be addressed by the regulatory framework that affects access to the right.

Políticas de esporte, lei orgânica e financiamento nos municípios catarinenses / Sport policies, organic law and financing in Santa Catarina municipalities / Políticas deportivas, ley orgánica y financiamiento en los municipios de Santa Catarina

O presente ensaio busca analisar o papel das instituições (po-deres executivo e legislativo) na garantia do que está previsto no artigo 217 da CF/88: o esporte como direito de todos. Para tanto, o trabalho busca explorar o encaixe entre regras da federação e a expectativa da garantia do direito, tendo como cenário o estado de Santa Catarina. Serão analisadas duas instâncias federativas, a União e o município. O primeiro aspecto importante é que nem a União nem os municípios es-tão obrigados a implementar políticas de esporte. Há um vácuo institu-cional e a instituição responsável por preenchê-lo é o poder legislativo, como prevê o artigo 24 da CF/88. A inexistência de competências ende-reçadas ao poder executivo, contudo, não tem impedido a produção de políticas públicas de esporte (AU).

This essay seeks to analyze the role of institutions (executive and legislative powers) in ensuring what is provided by article 217 of the Federal Constitution of 1988: sport as a right for all. Therefore, the study aims to explore the fit between the rules of the federation and the expectation of the guarantee of right, having as a scenario the state of Santa Catarina. Two federative instances will be analyzed, Union and municipality. The first important aspect is that neither the Union nor the municipalities are obliged to implement sports policies. There is an institutional gap and the institution responsible for filling it is the legislative power, as stated in article 24 of FC/88. The lack of competences addressed to the executive power has not prevented the production of public sports policies (AU).

Este ensayo busca analizar el papel de las instituciones (poderes ejecutivo y legislativo) para garantizar lo previsto en el artículo 217 del CF / 88: el deporte como un derecho de todos. Con este fin, el trabajo busca explorar el ajuste entre las reglas de la federación y la expectativa de garantía del derecho, en el contexto del estado de Santa Catarina. Se analizarán dos instancias federativas, la Unión y el municipio. El primer aspecto importante es que ni la Unión ni los municipios están obligados a implementar políticas deportivas. Existe un vacío institucional y la institución responsable de llenarlo es el poder legislativo, como se establece en el artículo 24 del CF / 88. La falta de competencias dirigidas al poder ejecutivo no ha impedido la producción de políticas deportivas públicas (AU).

Autoimmune Disorders & COVID-19.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can progress to severe pneumonia with respiratory failure and is aggravated by the deregulation of the immune system causing an excessive inflammation including the cytokine storm. Since 2019, several studies regarding the interplay between autoimmune diseases and COVID-19 infections is increasing all over the world. In addition, thanks to new scientific findings, we actually know better why certain conditions are considered a higher risk in both situations. There are instances when having an autoimmune disease increases susceptibility to COVID-19 complications, such as when autoantibodies capable of neutralizing type I IFN are present, and other situations in which having COVID-19 infection precedes the appearance of various autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases, including multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), Guillain-Barré syndrome, and Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA), thus, adding to the growing mystery surrounding the SARS-CoV-2 virus and raising questions about the nature of its link with autoimmune and autoinflammatory sequelae. Herein, we discuss the role of host and virus genetics and some possible immunological mechanisms that might lead to the disease aggravation.

New derivatives of the iridoid specioside from fungal biotransformation.

Iridoids are widely found from species of Bignoniaceae family and exhibit several biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antitumor. Specioside is an iridoid found from Tabebuia species, mainly in Tabebuia aurea. Thus, here fungus-mediated biotransformation of the iridoid specioside was investigated by seven fungi. The fungus-mediated biotransformation reactions resulted in a total of nineteen different analogs by fungus Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus japonicus, Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus niveus, Penicillium crustosum, and Thermoascus aurantiacus. Non-glycosylated specioside was the main metabolite observed. The other analogs were yielded from ester hydrolysis, hydroxylation, methylation, and hydrogenation reactions. The non-glycosylated specioside and coumaric acid were yielded by all fungi-mediated biotransformation. Thus, fungus applied in this study showed the ability to perform hydroxylation and glycosidic, as well as ester hydrolysis reactions from glycosylated iridoid. KEY POINTS: • The biotransformation of specioside by seven fungi yielded nineteen analogs. • The non-glycosylated specioside was the main analog obtained. • Ester hydrolysis, hydroxylation, methylation, and hydrogenation reactions were observe.

Canine pyometra: interferences of age and type in blood count and serum biochemistry / Piometra canina: interferências da idade e tipo sobre o hemograma e a bioquímica sérica

Hematological and serum biochemical characteristics and prevalence of microorganisms in the uterine content of bitches with pyometra were described, according to type and age. This study was carried out at the Veterinary Medicine Hospital Renato Rodenburg de Medeiros Netto of the UFBA with 132 patients diagnosed with pyometra through imaging and laboratory tests, divided into two groups: Group 1 - less than eight years (n=72) and Group 2 - more than eight years (n=60). Both groups were submitted to Ovariohysterectomy (OH), in which blood and uterine lumen secretion samples were collected. The highest incidence of pyometra was found in bitches under 8 years (54.5%), Poodle breed (31.8%) and mixed-breed (27.3%). Open pyometra represented 80.3% of all cases. The death rate (6.0%) did not show significant difference between the types. Anemia (73.0%), thrombocytopenia (41.2%) and leukocytosis (77.0%) were observed. Urea and ALP were above the reference values in 41.8% and 52.2% of each group, respectively, while ALT (94.0%) and creatine (82%) remained normal in most animals. Serum biochemistry did not show significant differences (P<0.05). Escherichia coli and Klebsiella sp. grew in 33.3% and 16.7% of the samples, respectively. Therefore, no significant hematological and serum biochemical differences were observed in bitches with pyometra in both age categories.

Descreveu-se características hematológicas, bioquímicas séricas e prevalência de microrganismos no conteúdo uterino de cadelas com piometra, de acordo com o tipo e idade. Realizou-se este estudo no Hospital de Medicina Veterinária Renato Rodenburg de Medeiros Netto da UFBA com 132 pacientes diagnosticadas com piometra, por exames de imagem e laboratoriais, divididas em dois grupos: Grupo 1 – menos de oito anos (n=72) e Grupo 2 – mais de oito anos (n=60), submetidas a Ovariectomia (OH), quando se coletou amostras de sangue e secreção do lúmen uterino. A incidência maior deu-se em cadelas abaixo de 8 anos (54,5%), da raça Poodle (31,8%) e sem raça definida (SRD) (27,3%), sendo 80,3% de piometra aberta. A taxa de óbito (6,0%) não apresentou diferença significativa entre os tipos. Observou-se a ocorrência de anemia (73,0%), trombocitopenia (41,2%) e leucocitose (77,0%). Os valores de ureia e FA estiveram acima dos valores de referência em 41,8% e 52,2% das cadelas respectivamente, enquanto a ALT (94,0%) e a creatina (82%) mantiveram-se dentro dos valores de referência na maioria dos animais. A bioquímica sérica não apresentou diferenças significativas (P<0,05). Observou-se crescimento de Escherichia coli e Klebsiella sp. em 33,3% e 16,7% das amostras, respectivamente. Sendo assim, não se observou diferenças significativas hematológicas e na bioquímica sérica de cadelas com piometra nas categorias de idade.

Canine pyometra: interferences of age and type in blood count and serum biochemistry / Piometra canina: interferências da idade e tipo sobre o hemograma e a bioquímica sérica

Hematological and serum biochemical characteristics and prevalence of microorganisms in the uterine content of bitches with pyometra were described, according to type and age. This study was carried out at the Veterinary Medicine Hospital Renato Rodenburg de Medeiros Netto of the UFBA with 132 patients diagnosed with pyometra through imaging and laboratory tests, divided into two groups: Group 1 - less than eight years (n=72) and Group 2 - more than eight years (n=60). Both groups were submitted to Ovariohysterectomy (OH), in which blood and uterine lumen secretion samples were collected. The highest incidence of pyometra was found in bitches under 8 years (54.5%), Poodle breed (31.8%) and mixed-breed (27.3%). Open pyometra represented 80.3% of all cases. The death rate (6.0%) did not show significant difference between the types. Anemia (73.0%), thrombocytopenia (41.2%) and leukocytosis (77.0%) were observed. Urea and ALP were above the reference values in 41.8% and 52.2% of each group, respectively, while ALT (94.0%) and creatine (82%) remained normal in most animals. Serum biochemistry did not show significant differences (P<0.05). Escherichia coli and Klebsiella sp. grew in 33.3% and 16.7% of the samples, respectively. Therefore, no significant hematological and serum biochemical differences were observed in bitches with pyometra in both age categories.

Descreveu-se características hematológicas, bioquímicas séricas e prevalência de microrganismos no conteúdo uterino de cadelas com piometra, de acordo com o tipo e idade. Realizou-se este estudo no Hospital de Medicina Veterinária Renato Rodenburg de Medeiros Netto da UFBA com 132 pacientes diagnosticadas com piometra, por exames de imagem e laboratoriais, divididas em dois grupos: Grupo 1 ­ menos de oito anos (n=72) e Grupo 2 ­ mais de oito anos (n=60), submetidas a Ovariectomia (OH), quando se coletou amostras de sangue e secreção do lúmen uterino. A incidência maior deu-se em cadelas abaixo de 8 anos (54,5%), da raça Poodle (31,8%) e sem raça definida (SRD) (27,3%), sendo 80,3% de piometra aberta. A taxa de óbito (6,0%) não apresentou diferença significativa entre os tipos. Observou-se a ocorrência de anemia (73,0%), trombocitopenia (41,2%) e leucocitose (77,0%). Os valores de ureia e FA estiveram acima dos valores de referência em 41,8% e 52,2% das cadelas respectivamente, enquanto a ALT (94,0%) e a creatina (82%) mantiveram-se dentro dos valores de referência na maioria dos animais. A bioquímica sérica não apresentou diferenças significativas (P<0,05). Observou-se crescimento de Escherichia coli e Klebsiella sp. em 33,3% e 16,7% das amostras, respectivamente. Sendo assim, não se observou diferenças significativas hematológicas e na bioquímica sérica de cadelas com piometra nas categorias de idade.