Starch as a risk factor for increased trans surgical bleeding in total hip arthroplasty.

OBJECTIVE: Establish whether the use of starch in hip arthroplasty is a risk factor for excessive surgical bleeding and requirement of red blood cell transfusion. METHOD: Analytical observational retrospective study in 240 patients who underwent primary total hip arthroplasty from January 2015 to January 2016. Two groups were formed: starch (94 patients) and non-starch (146 patients). Age, sex, body mass index, preoperative and postoperative hemoglobin, red cell transfusion and surgical bleeding was analyzed. RESULTS: Starchy group had increased risk of excessive surgical bleeding (OR: 3.58; 95% CI: 2.05- 6.26) and red blood cells transfusion (OR: 3.12; 95% CI: 1.76 -5.5). In the starch group average surgical bleeding was 396 ml (SD: ± 234.94) and a decrease in hemoglobin of 4.6 g/dl (SD± 1.38). The control group had an average bleeding of 271.8 ml (SD: ± 139.22) and decrease in hemoglobin of 3.34 g/dl (SD: ± 1.4). DISCUSSION: The starch group had higher surgical bleeding and required more often red blood cells transfusion than the non-starch group. We suggest to take in account the possible complications related to the use hydroxyethyl starch.

OBJETIVO: Determinar si el uso de almidón en la artroplastia de cadera es un factor de riesgo para el sangrado transquirúrgico excesivo y el uso de concentrados eritrocitarios. MÉTODO: Estudio retrospectivo observacional analítico de 240 pacientes sometidos a artroplastia total de cadera primaria desde enero de 2015 hasta enero de 2016. Se integraron dos grupos: almidón (94 pacientes) y no almidón (146 pacientes). Se analizaron la edad, el sexo, el índice de masa corporal, la hemoglobina prequirúrgica y posquirúrgica, el uso de concentrados eritrocitarios y el sangrado transquirúrgico. RESULTADOS: El grupo con almidón tuvo mayor riesgo de sangrado transquirúrgico excesivo (odds ratio [OR]: 3.58; intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC 95%]: 2.05- 6.26) y de transfusión de concentrados eritrocitarios (OR: 3.12; IC 95%: 1.76-5.5). En el grupo con almidón hubo una media de sangrado transquirúrgico de 396 ml (desviación estándar [DE]: ± 234.94) y una disminución de la hemoglobina de 4.6 g/dl (DE: ± 1.38); en el grupo de no almidón hubo una media de sangrado de 271.8 ml (DE: ± 139.22) y una disminución de la hemoglobina de 3.34 g/dl (DE: ± 1.4). DISCUSIÓN: Los pacientes con almidón presentaron mayor sangrado transquirúrgico y requirieron en más ocasiones la transfusión de hemoderivados que los del grupo control, por lo que sugerimos considerar las posibles complicaciones relacionadas con el uso de hidroxietilalmidón.

Post-surgical complications in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy / Complicações pós-cirúrgicas em pacientes com mielopatia espondilótica cervical / Complicaciones posquirúrgicas en pacientes con mielopatíaespondilótica cervical

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the incidence and type of postoperative hospital complications in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) treated by anterior approach, and to describe comorbidities present in patients who had complications. Methods: Retrospective, observational, descriptive cohort study of secondary sources (medical records), over a period of 3 years. We included 180 cases treated by anterior approach, excluding revision surgeries. Results: There was an incidence of complications of 11.11% (20 cases), with no statistically significant difference between sexes. The main complication was pneumonia (50%), associated to prolonged intubation (40%), followed by neurological impairment (20%). In the hospital outcome he was found most often to another hospital discharge (65%, 13 cases). The main comorbidity was systemic arterial hypertension (31.58%, p = 0.46), followed by smoking (26.32%, p 0.10). Conclusions: The highest hospital incidence of postoperative complications was found in patients with CSM treated by anterior approach in relation to that reported in the literature. There was a high incidence of airway complications not correlated with soft tissue edema or hematoma in more than half of the cases. The incidence of airway complications shows an area of opportunity to improve extubation protocols and management of the airways in post-surgical special care unit. Level of Evidence III. SIRELCIS Registry: R-2014-3401-5. Study conducted without commercial support.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar a incidência e o tipo de complicações pós-operatórias hospitalares em pacientes com mielopatia espondilótica cervical (MEC) tratados por acesso anterior e descrever as comorbidades presentes em pacientes que tiveram complicações. Métodos: Estudo de coorte, retrospectivo, observacional, e descritivo de fontes secundárias (prontuários médicos), em um período de três anos. Foram incluídos 180 casos tratados por acesso anterior, excluindo cirurgias de revisão. Resultados: Verificou-se incidência de complicações de 11,11% (20 casos), sem diferença estatisticamente significativa entre sexos. A principal complicação foi pneumonia (50%), associada à intubação prolongada (40%), seguida de comprometimento neurológico (20%). No momento da alta, ele foi encontrado na maioria das vezes para outra alta hospitalar (65% dos casos). A principal comorbidade presente foi hipertensão arterial sistêmica (31,58%, p = 0,46), seguida por tabagismo (26,32%, p 0,10). Conclusões: A maior incidência hospitalar de complicações pós-operatórias foi encontrada em pacientes com MEC tratados por acesso anterior com relação ao relatado na literatura. Constatou-se alta incidência de complicações nas vias aéreas não correlacionadas a edema de tecidos moles ou hematoma em mais da metade dos casos. A incidência de complicações nas vias respiratórias mostra uma área de oportunidade para melhorar os protocolos de extubação e manejo das vias aéreas na unidade de cuidados especiais pós-cirúrgicos. Nível de evidência III. Registro SIRELCIS: R-2014-3401-5. Estudo realizado sem apoio comercial.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar la incidencia y el tipo de complicaciones posquirúrgicas intrahospitalarias en pacientes con mielopatía espondilótica cervical (MEC) tratados por vía anterior y describir las comorbilidades presentes en los pacientes que desarrollaron complicaciones. Métodos: Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo, observacional, descriptivo de fuentes secundarias (expediente clínico), en un período de 3 años. Se incluyeron 180 casos de MEC tratados por vía anterior, excluyendo cirugías de revisión. Resultados: Se encontró una incidencia de complicaciones del 11,11% (20 casos), sin diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre sexos. La principal complicación fue neumonía (50%), asociada en 40% a intubación prolongada, seguida por deterioro neurológico (20%). En el desenlace hospitalario se encontró con mayor frecuencia el egreso a otro hospital (65% de los casos complicados). La principal comorbilidad presente fue la hipertensión arterial sistémica (31,58%, p = 0,46), seguida por tabaquismo (26,32%, p 0,10). Conclusiones: Se encontró mayor incidencia de complicaciones posquirúrgicas intrahospitalarias en pacientes con MEC tratados por vía anterior, en relación con lo reportado en la literatura. Se encontró incidencia elevada de complicaciones de vías aéreas, sin relación con edema de partes blandas o hematoma en más de la mitad de los casos. La incidencia de complicaciones de vías respiratorias muestra un área de oportunidad para la mejora de los protocolos de extubación y manejo de vías respiratorias en la unidad de cuidados especiales posquirúrgicos. Nivel de evidencia III. Registro SIRELCIS: R-2014-3401-5. Estudio realizado sin apoyo comercial.

[Mixed knee arthrodesis a rescue alternative in knee periprosthetic joint infection]. / Artrodesis mixta de rodilla: una alternativa de salvamento en infecciones periprotésicas de rodilla.

BACKGROUND: Knee arthrodesis is a rescue procedure for patients with knee periprosthetic joint infection who are not candidates for a revision surgery. The actual methods present a high complication rate with only moderate efectivity. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 17 cases, of patients with knee periprosthetic joint infection and bone loss treated by intramedular expandable nail and monoplanar external fixator with a mínimum evolution of 1 year, evaluating the medical records and digitalized X-rays by 2 sub specialized doctors in osteoarticular rescue surgery. RESULTS: From the 17 patients, 88.2% were classified as Anderson Orthopaedic Research Institute classification grade (III) and the 11.2% IIB. We obtained fusion in 82.5%, staged Hammer (I-II) in a mean time of 6.33 months. Achieving independent gait was reported in 88.2%. Our complication rate was 47.1%, most of them minor complications except for a supracondylar amputation. Our infection recurrence rate was 35.4%. Mean intervention rate was 2.47 surgeries, all without any operative room complication. CONCLUSIONS: We achieved a fusion rate similar to other available knee arthrodesis methods in a similar treatment time; with lower complication rate, making it a suitable rescue alternative for knee arthrodesis in patients with significant bone loss and knee periprosthetic joint infection.

Introducción: la artrodesis es una cirugía de salvamento para la infección periprotésica de rodilla; este procedimiento reporta moderada efectividad, alto índice de complicaciones y es la última alternativa antes de la amputación. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar si la artrodesis de rodilla con clavo expandible y fijador externo es un tratamiento seguro y efectivo. Métodos: estudio observacional, retrospectivo, en 17 pacientes con infección periprotésica y pérdida ósea importante, tratados mediante artrodesis con clavo centro-medular expandible autobloqueante y fijador externo monoplanar con evolución mínima de 1 año; la información se obtuvo del expediente clínico e imágenes de rayos X, siendo estas evaluadas por 2 ortopedistas especializados en rescate osteoarticular. Resultados: de 17 pacientes, con una pérdida ósea grado III en un 88.2% de los casos, se obtuvo una fusión en el 82.5%. Logrando la deambulación independiente en el 88.2%. Con un promedio de 2.4 intervenciones quirúrgicas por paciente. Sin complicaciones transquirúrgicas reportadas. Con un índice de complicaciones global del 47.1% incluyendo una amputación por sepsis. La evaluación inter-observador tuvo un valor de Kappa del 0.90 y la muestra alcanzó un poder estadístico del 60%. Conclusiones: se obtuvo una consolidación similar a otros métodos, en un tiempo promedio de 6.3 meses, con un menor índice de complicaciones al reportado con otras técnicas. Siendo esta una alternativa de salvamento para la realización de artrodesis de rodilla, antes de considerar la amputación de la extremidad.

Evidence based community mobilization for dengue prevention in Nicaragua and Mexico (Camino Verde, the Green Way): cluster randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: To test whether community mobilization adds effectiveness to conventional dengue control. DESIGN: Pragmatic open label parallel group cluster randomized controlled trial. Those assessing the outcomes and analyzing the data were blinded to group assignment. Centralized computerized randomization after the baseline study allocated half the sites to intervention, stratified by country, evidence of recent dengue virus infection in children aged 3-9, and vector indices. SETTING: Random sample of communities in Managua, capital of Nicaragua, and three coastal regions in Guerrero State in the south of Mexico. PARTICIPANTS: Residents in a random sample of census enumeration areas across both countries: 75 intervention and 75 control clusters (about 140 households each) were randomized and analyzed (60 clusters in Nicaragua and 90 in Mexico), including 85,182 residents in 18,838 households. INTERVENTIONS: A community mobilization protocol began with community discussion of baseline results. Each intervention cluster adapted the basic intervention-chemical-free prevention of mosquito reproduction-to its own circumstances. All clusters continued the government run dengue control program. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcomes per protocol were self reported cases of dengue, serological evidence of recent dengue virus infection, and conventional entomological indices (house index: households with larvae or pupae/households examined; container index: containers with larvae or pupae/containers examined; Breteau index: containers with larvae or pupae/households examined; and pupae per person: pupae found/number of residents). Per protocol secondary analysis examined the effect of Camino Verde in the context of temephos use. RESULTS: With cluster as the unit of analysis, serological evidence from intervention sites showed a lower risk of infection with dengue virus in children (relative risk reduction 29.5%, 95% confidence interval 3.8% to 55.3%), fewer reports of dengue illness (24.7%, 1.8% to 51.2%), fewer houses with larvae or pupae among houses visited (house index) (44.1%, 13.6% to 74.7%), fewer containers with larvae or pupae among containers examined (container index) (36.7%, 24.5% to 44.8%), fewer containers with larvae or pupae among houses visited (Breteau index) (35.1%, 16.7% to 55.5%), and fewer pupae per person (51.7%, 36.2% to 76.1%). The numbers needed to treat were 30 (95% confidence interval 20 to 59) for a lower risk of infection in children, 71 (48 to 143) for fewer reports of dengue illness, 17 (14 to 20) for the house index, 37 (35 to 67) for the container index, 10 (6 to 29) for the Breteau index, and 12 (7 to 31) for fewer pupae per person. Secondary per protocol analysis showed no serological evidence of a protective effect of temephos. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence based community mobilization can add effectiveness to dengue vector control. Each site implementing the intervention in its own way has the advantage of local customization and strong community engagement. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN27581154.

A prospective cohort study to evaluate peridomestic infection as a determinant of dengue transmission: protocol.

BACKGROUND: Vector control programs, which have focused mainly on the patient house and peridomestic areas around dengue cases, have not produced the expected impact on transmission. This project will evaluate the assumption that the endemic/epidemic transmission of dengue begins around peridomestic vicinities of the primary cases. Its objective is to assess the relationship between symptomatic dengue case exposure and peridomestic infection incidence. METHODS/DESIGN: A prospective cohort study will be conducted (in Tepalcingo and Axochiapan, in the state of Morelos, Mexico), using the state surveillance system for the detection of incident cases. Paired blood specimens will be collected from both the individuals who live with the incident cases and a sample of subjects residing within a 25-meter radius of such cases (exposed cohort), in order to measure dengue-specific antibodies. Other subjects will be selected from areas which have not presented any incident cases within 200 meters, during the two months preceding the sampling (non-exposed cohort). Symptomatic/asymptomatic incident infection will be considered as the dependent variable, exposure to confirmed dengue cases, as the principal variable, and the socio-demographic, environmental and socio-cultural conditions of the subjects, as additional explanatory variables. DISCUSSION: Results indicating a high infection rate among the exposed subjects would justify the application of peridomestic control measures and call for an evaluation of alternate causes for insufficient program impact. On the other hand, a low incidence of peridomestic-infected subjects would support the hypothesis that infection occurs outside the domicile, and would thus explain why the vector control measures applied in the past have exerted such a limited impact on cases incidence rates. The results of the present study may therefore serve to reassess site selection for interventions of this type.

[Functional results of two different surgical approaches in patients with distal humerus fractures type C (AO)]. / Resultados funcionales de dos abordajes quirúrgicos en pacientes con fractura de húmero distal tipo C (AO).

INTRODUCTION: The fractures of distal humerus present a world incidence of the 2%, stiff and painful joints are common consequences of these injuries. We used two surgical approaches for the treatment of these fractures, one with olecranon osteotomy and one with triceps split. OBJECTIVE: To compare the functional results in patients with fractures AO type C treated surgically by means of both approaches. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrolective, observational, comparative study in patients with distal humerus fracture AO type C diagnosis. We used the elbow functional scale of our unit for measuring clinical status. We compared the results of consolidated fractures of patients from 18 to 65 years old treated with osteosynthesis in the period from March 2002 through February 2004. RESULTS: Nineteen patients were included (11 women and 8 men), mean age of 49.3. Triceps split approach: t: 1 patient (8.4%) had excellent, 2 good (16.6%), 4 regular (33.4%) and 5 poor (41.6%) results; for the olecranon osteotomy approach 7 poor results were found (p = 0.2270 exact fisher's test). DISCUSSION: Were found clinically better functional outcome in patients treatment with of triceps split, was not found statistical significance this was because the size of the groups and the clinical scale score that was used in this unit. CONCLUSIONS: We recommend the utilization of the approach of triceps split by presenting better functional results.

Evaluation of the physico-chemical properties of chitosan as a potential carrier for rifampicin, using voltammetric and spectrophotometric techniques.

Rifampicin is an antibiotic which, on a carbon paste electrode, shows an oxidation response of 0.492 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) at pH 7.0, due to the electroactivity of the hydroquinone group. Interaction of rifampicin with chitosan is strongly dependent on pH, species concentrations and contact time between the latter. Compared to the carbon paste electrode, electrodes modified with chitosan showed greater sensitivity, with optimum voltammetric profile obtained at pH 8.0. Spectrophotometric measurements indicate that rifampicin is strongly absorbed by chitosan at pH less than the pKa of the pharmaceutical, such behaviour being favourable for the use of chitosan as a carrier for the controlled release of rifampicin in the intestinal tract.

Cobertura geográfica del sistema mexicano de salud y análisis espacial de la utilización de hospitales generales de la Secretaría de Salud en 1998 / Geographical coverage of the Mexican Healthcare System and a spatial analysis of utilization of its General Hospitals in 1998

Objetivo. Determinar la cobertura geográfica del Sistema Mexicano de Salud y analizar la utilización en 1998 de los hospitales de la Secretaría de Salud (SSA). Material y métodos. Se desarrolló un Sistema de Información Geográfica (SIG) con información sociodemográfica por localidad y ubicación espacial de unidades de atención de todo el sector salud, así como el registro de egresos por hospital de la SSA. Se determinó la utilización en 217 hospitales generales de la SSA mediante un modelo de estimación de máxima verosimilitud, que incluyó información sobre los recursos humanos, la infraestructura adicional y la población 25 km a la redonda. Resultados. En 1998, 10 806 localidades con 72 millones de habitantes contaban con al menos una unidad de atención de salud del sector público y 97.2 por ciento de la población se encontraba a menos de 50 km de una, pero más de 18 millones de personas vivían en localidades rurales sin unidades de atención. El promedio de ocupación fue de 48.5±28.5 por cada 100 camas/año, con gran variabilidad intra e interestatal. La utilización se asoció significativamente con el número de los médicos en la unidad, y en unidades del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social con la infraestructura adicional e índice de marginación. Conclusiones. La utilización del SIG eleva la capacidad analítica y proporciona estimadores más realistas de la cobertura y utilización de hospitales del sector

Diarrheal diseases in children from a water reclamation site in Mexico city.

This study was conducted to assess the risk of enteric diseases among children living in a water reclamation area in Mexico City. A geographic information system was used to define eligible wells and surrounding homesteads. Sixty-five water samples from five wells were tested for fecal coliform bacteria per 100 mL (FC/100 mL) during visits to 750 eligible households; caretakers only in those dwellings with children under 5 years old were interviewed throughout repeated cross-sectional surveys, conducted during 1999-2000. Data on diarrheal diseases were obtained from 761 children during the rainy season and 732 children during the dry season; their guardians also provided information on drinking water supply, sanitation, and socioeconomic variables. The presence of indicator organisms in groundwater samples pointed to fecal pollution; bacterial indicators, however, did not predict the health risk. The rates of diarrhea were 10.7% in the dry season and 11.8% in the rainy season. Children 1 year old showed the highest rate of diarrhea during the dry season [odds ratio (OR) = 2.1 with 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.99-4.71], particularly those from households perceiving unpleasant taste of tap water (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 0.97-2.92) and consuming vegetables washed only with water (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.10-4.39). Lower risk was observed in individuals enjoying full-day water supply (OR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.27-0.86) and a flushing toilet (OR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.16-0.67), as well as those storing water in covered receptacles (OR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.15-0.80). Rainy season data suggested that children from households perceiving a color to their water had a higher rate of diarrhea than did those without such complaint (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 0.93-3.67); recent consumption of food sold by street vendors was also a significant risk factor (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 0.98-2.87). Groundwater is at risk of contamination, as indicated by the presence of FC/100 mL. The endemic pattern of diarrhea, however, reflects mostly inadequate housing, sanitation, and water-related practices. Health protection policy must be discussed.

[Geographical coverage of the Mexican Healthcare System and a spatial analysis of utilization of its General Hospitals in 1998]. / Cobertura geográfica del sistema mexicano de salud y análisis espacial de la utilización de hospitales generales de la Secretaría de Salud en 1998.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the geographical coverage of the Mexican Healthcare System (MHS) services and to assess the utilization of its General Hospitals. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to include sociodemographic data by locality, the geographical location of all MHS healthcare services, and data on hospital discharge records. A maximum likelihood estimation model was developed to assess the utilization levels of 217 MHS General Hospitals. The model included data on human resources, additional infrastructure, and the population within a 25 km radius. RESULTS: In 1998, 10,806 localities with 72 million inhabitants had at least one public healthcare unit, and 97.2% of the population lived within 50 km of a healthcare unit; however, over 18 million people lived in rural localities without a healthcare unit. The mean annual hospital occupation rate was 48.5 +/- 28.5 per 100 bed/years, with high variability within and between states. Hospital occupation was significantly associated with the number of physicians in the unit, and in the Mexican Institute of Social Security units utilization was associated with additional health infrastructure, and with the population's poverty index. CONCLUSIONS: GIS analysis allows improved estimation of the coverage and utilization of MHS hospitals.

Hiperaldosteronismo primário e hipoaldosteronismo primário / Primary hyperaldosteronism and primary hipoaldosteronism

Neste estudo de casos, relatamos duas patologias clínicas de pouca freqüência, em dois pacientes do sexo masculino, de 48 e 55 anos de idade, um com história pregressa de hipertensäo arterial estágio III de difícil controle e outro com hipercalemia importante, hipotensäo arterial e fraqueza generalizada. Tendo sido um abordado terapeuticamente e outro cirurgicamente, obtendo melhora clínica do quadro patológico. No estudo destes dois casos, abordaremos os aspectos clínicos, os principais mecanismos etiológicos e métodos diagnósticos e subsidiários dirigidos e orientados pelo exame clínico e dados dirigidos pela anamnese.

Transplante cardíaco em Campo Grande - MS: reduçäo significativa de lesäo coronária pós transplante: relato de caso / Cardiac transplantation in Campo Grande - MS: significative reduction of coronary artery lesion after cardiac transplantation: case report

No Serviço de Cirurgia Cardíaca da Santa Casa de Campo Grande/MS - foi realizado, em 23 de setembro de 1994, um transplante cardíaco ortotópico no paciente C.A.D., 27 anos, portador de miocardiopatia dilatada idiopática, o qual transcorreu sem anormalidades. O paciente recebeu alta da UTI com 7 dias e alta hospitalar no 40§ dia de pós-operatório, recebendo ciclosporina, azatioprina e prednisona para manutençäo do enxerto, captopril, furosemida e aspirina. Apresentou no 1§ ano de seguimento 2 episódios de rejeiçäo, leve e moderada, sendo modificada a posologia dos imunossupressores. Em setembro de 1995, nos exames de seguimento, foi detectada, na coronariografia, lesäo obstrutiva de 50 por cento em artéria coronária direita. Decidiu-se modificar a terapêutica do paciente, iniciando diltiazen substituindo o captopril, e associando-se complexo vitamínico (betacaroteno, C e E) mais selênio, na tentativa de evitar progressäo da lesäo obstrutiva. Foi também realizada orientaçäo dietética por nutricionista. Após 12 meses com a nova terpêutica, a coronariografia mostrou reduçäo significativa da lesäo obstrutiva em artéria coronária direita. Durante todo o período de seguimento o paciente apresentou níveis normais no lipidograma. Hoje o paciente encontra-se no terceiro ano de seguimento, assintomático e tendo suas atividades habituais sem intercorrências.

Fijación interna biológica en pacientes polifracturados / Biological internal fixation in polifractured patients

En el Servicio de Polifracturados del Hospital de Traumatología y Ortopedia de Lomas Verdes, en el periodo comprendido entre marzo de 1991 y diciembre de 1992, se realizaron 26 fijaciones internas biológicas, correspondiendo 18 a la tibia, 6 al fémur, una al húmero y una al antebrazo. Se llevaron a cabo 18 estabilizaciones de fracturas complejas multifragmentarias con compromiso articular de la tibia, 8 de tibia proximal y 6 de la tibia distal, en las que como procedimiento quirúrgico inicial les fue colocado un fijador externo tubular AO percutáneo: con un tornillo de Schanz proximal y uno distal, a cielo cerrado como aditamento distractor para realizar una reducción mecánica indirecta. En algunos casos se puenteó la articulacionés, en otros, la articulación fue fijada inicialmente bajo visión directa para lograr una reducción anatómica y posteriormente se colocó el fijador externo tubular AO sobre la cortical medial a cielo cerrado, cuidando de no levantar el m. tibial para no ver ni tocar la cortical medial multifragmentada, se dio distracción al mismo hasta lograrse una reducción cercana a lo ideal, posteriormente y sin retirar el fijador externo se completó la reducción abierta mediante una placa colocada sobre el periostio, bajo el principio biomecánico del sostén. Los defectos óseos metafisarios y dafisarios no fueron visualizados ni se les colocó injerto óseo. En los casos en que el fijador externo puenteó articulaciones, el mismo fue modificado, colocándolo en la cortical opuesta a la placa para dar sostén a la misma por encontrarse multifragmentada, pero ya sin puentear la articulación. Todos los defectos óseos consolidaron a pesar de no haber sido injertados en forma directa, al preservarse el hematoma fracturario y su vascularidad, sin agredirse quirúrgicamente de manera directa, como sucedería con una doble placa. El fijador externo fue retirado en un tiempo no mayor de 6 semanas al observarse la consolidación radiológica. Se permitió la movilidad articular desde el primer día de postoperatorio

Reconstrucción funcional de mano en pacientes cuadripléjicos / Quadriplejic patients and hand function reconstruction

Se presenta un informe del protocolo de reconstrucción de mano en pacientes cuadripléjicos. Hasta el momento se ha incluido en el estudio cinco pacientes, cuatro hombres y una mujer, tratados quirúrgicamente con base en lo expuesto en publicaciones sobre el tema, con modificaciones en la técnica quirúrgica. Los procedimientos consistieron en artrodesis de muñeca y transposiciones tendinosas. Los pacientes fueron operados según los elementos funcionales útiles a nivel de antebrazo, tomando en consideración la clasificación de Zancolli. Los resultados obtenidos hasta el momento son alentadores, con periódos que van de siete a 18 meses, aunque no se pueden considerar definitivos, dado el corto tiempo y el número reducido de pacientes. Las artrodesis han logrado una buena consolidación y la función de las transposiciones tendinosas es adecuada. Los pacientes refieren gran mejoría en las funciones básicas de la mano, mayor autosuficiencia y, como efecto agregado, un cambio favorable en su estado anímico

Reconstrucción de mano en pacientes cuadripléjicos / Hand reconstruction in quadriplegic patients

Se presenta un informe del protocolo de reconstrucción de mano en pacientes cuadripléjicos. Hasta el momento se han incluido en el estudio cinco pacientes, cuatro hombres y una mujer, tratados quirúrgicamente con base en lo expuesto en publicaciones sobre el tema, con modificaciones en la técnica quirúrgica. Los procedimientos consistieron en artrodesis de muñeca y transposiciones tendinosas. Los pacientes fueron operados según los elementos funcionales útiles a nivel de antebrazo, tomando en consideración la clasificación de Zancolli. Los resultados obtenidos hasta el momento son alentadores, con periódos que van de siete a 18 meses, aunque no se pueden considerar definitivos, dado el corto tiempo y el número reducido de pacientes. Las artrodesis han logrado una buena consolidación y la función de las transposiciones tendinosas es adecuada. Los pacientes refieren gran mejoría en las funciones básicas de la mano, mayor autosuficiencia y, como efecto agregado, un cambio favorable en su estado animico

Detecçao de anticorpos antinucleares pela técnica de enzima imunoensaio. Comparaçao com a técnica de imunofluorescência / Antinuclear antibody detection by the enzyme immunoassay technique. Comparison to the immunofluorescence technique

Objetivo: Desenvolvimento de uma técnica por ELISA para detecçao de anticorpos antinucleares e anti-DNA, utilizando antígenos nucleares purificados e calibrados contra preparaçoes de referência. Métodos: Foram utilizados soros de pacientes que frequentavam ambulatório de imunologia. A detecçao de FAN por imunfluorescência indireta foi realizada utilizando linhagem celular HEP-2. A detecçao de anti-DNA também foi realizada por imunofluorescência indireta utilizando o hemoflagelado Crithidia luciliae. Para a técnica de ELISA, foram usados reativos preparados pela Universidade de Tel Aviv. Para o FAN, o antígeno foi um extrato nuclear de células HEP-2. Para o Anti-DNA, antígeno do bacteriófago lambda. Resultados: A técnica de ELISA mostrou positividade bem definida para lúpus eritematoso sistêmico e quantificaçao mais precisa quando comparada com imunofluorescência indireta. Conclusoes: O método ELISA ANA e DNA oferece vantagens, em termos de padronizaçao e triagem e associaçao com estados patológicos, quando comparado com a imunofluorescência convencional, confirmando a experiência recentemente divulgada por diversos grupos internacionais

Leucemia plasmocitária primária de cadeias lambda: relato de um caso / Primary plasmacytic leukemia of lambda chain: report of a case

Um caso raro de leucemia plasmocitária primária com excreçäo de cadeias leves do tipo lambda é relatado como uma discrasia plasmática, caracterizada por plasmocitose no sangue e medula óssea, escassa lesäo osteolítica e quadro clínico de insuficiência cardíaca e renal. A morfologia das células apresentava diferentes estágios de diferenciaçäo e maturaçäo. Foi identificada excreçäo de proteína de Bence-Jones tipos lambda na urina e no soro. A paciente foi tratada com quimioterapia (esquema M2) e sobreviveu por 33 meses, indicando resposta a terapêutica

Detecçäo do anticorpo SSA/Ro em pacientes com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico, lúpus eritematoso discóide e fotossensibilidade cutânea: estudo comparativo / Detection of SSA/Ro antibody in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, discoid lupus erythematosus, and skin photosensitivity: comparative study

A presença de anticorpos antinucleares do tipo SSA/Ro foi pesquisada em 56 pacientes portadores de diferentes estados clínicos associados a fotossensibilidade. Os anticorpos anti-SSA/Ro foram detectados em aproximadamente 30% dos pacientes com LES, 7,1% com LED e 6,6% nos portadores de fotossensibilidade cutânea. Nos pacientes com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico, o anti-SSA/Ro mostrou-se heterogêneo em sua distribuiçäo, sem especificidade para a presença de fotossensibilidade concomitante. Concluímos que a presença do anti-SSa/Ro isoladamente é insuficiente para a expressäo clínica de estados de fotossensibilidade