Determinants of renal and patient outcomes in a Spanish cohort of patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis and renal involvement.

The classification of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) remains controversial. The main objective of this study was to define the respective values of ANCA serotype-based classification, clinicopathological classification, and histopathological classification in predicting patient and renal outcomes in a Spanish cohort of patients with ANCA with specificity for myeloperoxidase, MPO-ANCA, versus ANCA with specificity for proteinase 3, PR3-ANCA. Two hundred and forty-five patients with ANCA-AAV and biopsy-proven renal involvement diagnosed between 2000 and 2104 were recruited in 12 nephrology services. Clinical and histologic data, renal outcomes, and mortality were analyzed. We applied the Chapel Hill Consensus Conference definition with categories for granulomatosis with the polyangiitis (GPA) and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), the classification based on ANCA specificity, and the histopathological classification proposed in 2010. Eighty-two percent were MPO-ANCA positive and 18.0% PR3-ANCA positive. Altogether, 82.9% had MPA and 17.1% GPA. The median follow-up was 43.2 months (0.1-169.3). Neither ANCA-based serological nor clinical classification was predictive of renal outcomes or patient survival on bivariate or multivariate Cox regression analysis. Histopathological classification was found to predict development of end-stage renal disease (p = 0.005) in Kaplan-Meier analysis. ANCA specificity was more predictive of relapse than clinicopathological classification in multivariate analysis (HR 2.086; 95% CI 1.046-4.158; p = 0.037). In our Spanish cohort, a majority of patients had an MPO-ANCA-AAV. A classification based on ANCA specificity has a higher predictive value for relapse occurrence and could be used for decision-making with respect to induction treatment and maintenance therapies.

[On the Issue of Register of Patients of Gynecological Profile with Anemia Syndrome].

The abundant menorrhagia is the most prevalent cause of iron-deficient conditions in women. Though diagnostic of anemia is a simple task deficiency of knowledge in the area of hematology favors spreading and aggravation of anemia processes. The implementation of the register of patients with anemia syndrome into practical activities of physicians of all specialties is a modern direction of studying the given pathology. The proposed system of management of treatment diagnostic process permitted to optimize data collection related to disease, to ameliorate diagnostic search and to rationalize treatment of patients.

[Renal failure stages as predictors of mortality following acute coronary syndrome]. / El grado de insuficiencia renal como predictor de mortalidad tras un síndrome coronario agudo.

INTRODUCTION: renal glomerular filtration rate on hospital admission in patients presented with an acute coronary syndrome as a predictor for mortality. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study analysed 290 patients admitted on hospital with an acute coronary syndrome during one year (2003). Renal function was estimated using the renal glomerular filtration rate by the MDRD formula. Patients were stratified in three groups: patients with a GFR > or = 60 ml/min/1,73 m2; n = 186, patients with GFR < 60 or > 30; n = 93 and patients with GFR < 30; n = 11. RESULTS: 66.6% of patients were males and 66.5% were older than 65 years old. 54.5% suffered from hypertension and 39% were diabetics. All patients with GFR < 30 ml/min had an acute coronary syndrome without elevation of ST segment. They were the oldest with a major proportion of previous cardiovascular events as cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease or myocardial infarction. Diagnostic procedures and treatments were less administered in patients with GFR < 30 ml/min. Although in the univariate analysis demonstrated that hospital mortality was related to GFR < 30 ml/min, sex, ageing, Killip > 1, ventricular function and cTnT elevation, only GFR < 30 ml/min, ageing, heart failure and ventricular dysfunction persisted significant in the multivariate analysis. Hospital mortality was 27.3% in patients with GFR < 30 ml/min, 7.5% in patients with GFR between 30-60 ml/min and 3.8% in patients with a GFR > or = 60 ml/min. Mortality after two years follow up was 27.3% in patients with GFR < 30 ml/min, 20.4% in patients with GFR between 30-60 ml/min and 10.2% in patients with a GFR > or = 60 ml/min. Mortality (hospital mortality and after two years of follow up) was increased in patients with GFR< 30 ml/min, ageing, heart failure and diabetes after adjusted for other prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS: A reduced glomerular filtration rate is an independent risk factor for mortality in patients with an acute coronary syndrome. Estimation of the renal glomerular filtration rate might be used as prognostic value in these patients.

Renal failure stages as predictors of mortality following acute coronary syndrome

Introducción: determinar el filtrado glomerular al ingreso como predictor de mortalidad tras un Síndrome Coronario Agudo (SCA). Pacientes y método: se analizaron 290 pacientes que ingresaron por SCA durante el año 2003. Se valoró la función renal al ingreso mediante la fórmula de estimación del Filtrado Glomerular (FG) MDRD. Se estratificaron en tres grupos: pacientes con FG ≥60 ml/min/1,73 m2; n = 186, pacientes con FG <60 y >_30; n = 93 y pacientes con FG <30; n = 11. Resultados: todos los pacientes con FG <30 ml/min presentaron un SCA sin elevación del segmento ST, los cuales eran de edad más avanzada con mayor prevalencia de eventos cardiovasculares previos (accidente vascular cerebral, de arteriopatía periférica, y de infarto de miocardio). La realización de pruebas diagnósticas fue menor. La mortalidad hospitalaria fue del 27,3% en los pacientes con FG <30 ml/min, 7,5% en los pacientes con FG entre 30 y 60 ml/min, y del 3,8% en los pacientes con FG ≥60 ml/min. Tras dos años de seguimiento, la mortalidad fue del 27,3% en los pacientes con FG <30 ml/min, del 20,4% en los pacientes con FG entre 30 y 60 ml/min, y del 10,2% con FG ≥60 ml/min. Al ajustar por otras variables pronósticas, los pacientes con FG <30 ml/min presentaron una mayor mortalidad tanto durante el ingreso como en el seguimiento a dos años. Conclusiones: la reducción del FG es un factor de riesgo independiente de mortalidad tras un SCA. El uso de las fórmulas de estimación del FG en el seguimiento de dichos pacientes tiene valor pronóstico (AU)

Introducción: determinar el filtrado glomerular al ingreso como predictor de mortalidad tras un Síndrome Coronario Agudo (SCA). Pacientes y método: se analizaron 290 pacientes que ingresaron por SCA durante el año 2003. Se valoró la función renal al ingreso mediante la fórmula de estimación del Filtrado Glomerular (FG) MDRD. Se estratificaron en tres grupos : pacientes con FG >_60 ml/min/1,73 m2; n = 186, pacientes con FG <60 y >_30; n = 93 y pacientes con FG <30; n =11. Resultados: todos los pacientes con FG <30 ml/min presentaron un SCA sin elevación del segmento ST, los cuales eran de edad más avanzada con mayor prevalenc ia de eventos cardiovasculares previos (accidente vascular cerebral , de arteriopatía periérica, y de infarto de miocardio) . La realización de pruebas diagnósticas fue menor. La mortalidad hospitalaria fue del27,3% en los pacientes con FG <30 ml/min, 7,5% en los pacientes con FG entre 30 y 60 ml /min, y del 3,8% en los pacientes con FG >_60 ml/min. Tras dos años de seguimiento, la mortalidad fue del 27,3% en los pacientes con FG <30 ml/min, del 20,4% en los pacientes con FG entre 30 y 60 ml /min, y del 10,2% con FG >_60ml /min. Al ajustar por otras variables pronósticas , los pacientes con FG <30 ml /min presentaron una mayor mortalidad tanto durante el ingreso como en el seguimiento a dos años . Conclusiones : la reducción del FG es un factor de riesgo independiente de mortalidad tras un SCA. El uso de las fórmulas de estimación del FG en el seguimiento de dichos pacientes tiene valor pronóstico (AU)

Enfermedad de Graves, hipotiroidismofarmacológico y síndrome nefrótico por enfermedad de cambios mínimos / Graves disease, drug-related hypothyroidism, and nephrotic syndrome due to minimal changes disease

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Conversion from calcineurin inhibitors to sirolimus in kidney transplant patients reduces the urinary transforming growth factor-beta1 concentration.

INTRODUCTION: Chronic allograft dysfunction (CAD) is the main cause of late transplant failure. Although several etiologies have been postulated, toxicity for calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) is one of the most important causes of CAD, characterized by arteriolar hyalinosis, luminal narrowing, increased glomerulosclerosis, and tubulointerstitial damage. It's known that in transplant patients with CAD, fibrogenic mediators such as transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) are increased. Sirolimus is an immunosuppressive agent with a distinct mechanism of action compared with CNI. AIM: This study assessed variations in levels of fibrogenic mediators among CAD patients treated with CNIs, before and after conversion to sirolimus. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We studied twelve renal transplant patients with CAD on CNI treatment. TGF-beta in plasma and urine, endothelin-1, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were studied before and 8 months after conversion to sirolimus treatment. RESULTS: TGF-beta urine levels decreased from 24.7 +/- 11.2 to 12.8 +/- 5.1 ng/24 h (P = .049). In plasma, a similar decrease trend was observed (22.2 +/- 32 to 10.3 +/- 3 ng/mL), although it was not significant (P = .079). Endothelin-1 showed a decrease (8.1 +/- 3 to 5.2 +/- 1.1 pmol/L; P = .1) and VEGF in plasma increased from 34.3 +/- 37 to 92.2 +/- 86 pg/mL (P = .051). CONCLUSIONS: Patients undergoing conversion from CNI to sirolimus treatment for CAD presented a significant decrease in TGF-beta urine levels, representing a decreased mediator of the CAD fibrogenic process.

Acidosis láctica severa por metformina y fracaso renal agudo tras realización de cateterismo cardíaco / Metformin-associated lactic acidosis and acute renal failure secondary to cardiac catheterism

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Hipokaliemia sintomática asociada a enfermedad de Cacchi-Ricci / Hipokaliemia sintomática asociada a enfermedad de Cacchi-ricci

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[Peritoneal implants in patients affected by chronic renal failure in hemodialysis programme]. / Implantes peritoneales en pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica en programa de hemodiálisis.

The presence of peritoneal implants detected by computered axial tomography (CT) is usually related to mesothelial primary neoformative processes or, more frequently to peritoneal metastasis or peritoneal carcinomatosis. Although the higher prevalence of neoplastic processes in the chronic renal failure population, the association of peritoneal implants and constitutional syndrome is not always correlated to peritoneal carcinomatosis. We present the case of two patients with chronic renal failure in hemodialysis programme, with abdominal insidious clinical, constitutional syndrome and similar peritoneal implants seen by CAT: the histologic analysis of peritoneal implants gave the definitive diagnostic of secondary amyloidosis and peritoneal tuberculosis respectively.

Implantes peritoneales en pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica en programa dehemodiálisis / Peritoneal implants in patients affected by chronic renal failure in hemodialysis programme

La presencia de implantes peritoneales detectados por tomografía axial computerizada(TAC) suele estar asociada a procesos neoformativos primarios del mesotelioo, más frecuentemente, a metástasis peritoneales o carcinomatosis peritoneal.A pesar de la mayor prevalencia de procesos neoplásicos en la poblaciónafecta de insuficiencia renal crónica, la asociación de implantes peritoneales y síndromeconstitucional no siempre se correlaciona con carcinomatosis peritoneal.Presentamos dos pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica en programa de hemodiálisis,con clínica insidiosa abdominal, síndrome constitucional e implantesperitoneales de similares características visualizados por TAC. El análisis histológicode los implantes peritoneales permitió el diagnóstico definitivo de amiloidosissecundaria y tuberculosis peritoneal respectivamente

The presence of peritoneal implants detected by computered axial tomography(CT) is usually related to mesothelial primary neoformative processes or, more frequentlyto peritoneal metastasis or peritoneal carcinomatosis. Although the higherprevalence of neoplastic processes in the chronic renal failure population, the associationof peritoneal implants and constitutional syndrome is not always correlatedto peritoneal carcinomatosis. We present the case of two patients with chronicrenal failure in hemodialysis programme, with abdominal insidious clinical,constitutional syndrome and similar peritoneal implants seen by CAT: the histologicanalysis of peritoneal implants gave the definitive diagnostic of secondary amyloidosisand peritoneal tuberculosis respectively

[Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody mediated disease: revision of 32 cases and follow-up at one year of the diagnosis]. / Enfermedad por Ac anti-MBG: revisión de 32 casos y seguimiento al año del diagnóstico.

Anti-basement membrane antibody mediated disease is an unfrequent entity but with a high mortality and morbidity. We present a revision of 32 patients diagnosed of anti-basement membrane antibody mediated disease between 1983 and 1997, and their evolution at one year of the diagnosis. The clinical pattern of presentation was as a Goodpasture's syndrome (glomerulonephritis and lung haemorrhage) in 15 patients and glomerulonephritis without lung involvement in 17. We reviewed retrospectively the features at the clinical presentation, the different treatments, and the delay of the starting of it since the beginning of the symptoms, in order to evaluate a prognosis dats of the disease. After the retrospective study we deduce that anti-basement membrane antibody mediated disease has a high mortality although the different regimes of treatment applied (25%), and the need of renal replacement therapy at one year of diagnosis is also high (70.8%). The renal survival at one year of the diagnosis is low and the response to therapy depends on the serum creatinine value at the diagnosis. The contribution of immunocompetent leucocytes to renal hypercellularity suggests that both humoral and cell-mediated immunity play a role in this disease.

Henoch-Schönlein IgA glomerulonephritis complicating myeloma kidneys: case report.

Myeloma kidney is the principal pathological substrate of rapidly progressive renal failure in multiple myeloma. We report the unusual case of a 72-year-old male diagnosed with kappa Bence Jones myeloma with renal failure which needed dialysis. After treatment with vincristine, doxorubicin (Adriamycin), dexamethasone (VAD), and plasmapheresis, the renal function was recovered until serum creatinine level was <2 mg/dl. Six months later, the pathological counterpart of rapidly progressive renal failure was crescentic IgA proliferative glomerulonephritis as a manifestation of Henoch-Schönlein syndrome associated with sepsis caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci. This case suggests that mesangial IgA deposition should be considered within the spectrum of consequent glomerular lesion-associated chemotherapy occurring in multiple myeloma.

Enfermedad por Ac anti-MBG: revisión de 32 casos y seguimiento al año del diagnóstico / Anti-basement membrane antibody mediated disease: revision of 32 cases and follow-up at one year of the diagnosis

La enfermedad por anticuerpos antimembrana basal es una entidad poco frecuente pero con una elevada mortalidad y morbilidad. Presentamos una revisión de 32 pacientes diagnosticados de enfermedad por anticuerpos antimembrana basal entre 1983-1997 y su evolución al año del diagnóstico. Según la forma de presentación clínica, 15 pacientes se manifestaron en forma de síndrome de Goodpasture (glomerulonefritis y hemorragia pulmonar) y 17 únicamente como glomerulonefritis. Revisamos retrospectivamente la forma de presentación clínica, el tipo de tratamiento administrado y la demora en el inicio del mismo desde el inicio de los síntomas para valorar el pronóstico de la enfermedad. De la observación retrospectiva del estudio se deduce que la enfermedad por anticuerpos antimembrana basal tiene una elevada mortalidad a pesar de los distintos regímenes de tratamiento aplicados (25 por ciento), siendo la necesidad de tratamiento sustitutivo renal al año del diagnóstico muy elevada (70,8 por ciento). La supervivencia renal al año del diagnóstico es baja y la respuesta al tratamiento depende de las cifras de creatinina en el momento del diagnóstico. El estudio histológico muestra que leucocitos inmunocompetentes contribuyen a las lesiones renales proliferativas, lo que apoya el papel de la inmunidad celular en esta enfermedad mediada clásicamente por la inmunidad humoral (AU)

Neurotoxicidad post-primera dosis de valaciclovir vía oral en una paciente en hemodiálisis

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