Validation to the Spanish of the Jefferson empathy scale health professions students version and its psychometric properties in nursing students.

The ability to empathize with patients has a positive effect on health outcomes and quality of care. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric characteristics of the Spanish version of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy-Health Profession Student version (JSE-HPS) in a sample of 422 nursing students and to compare their factorial structure with that of the original scale. In this study, the Cronbach α value was 0.828. These analyses showed that the scale has a factorial structure with three dimensions and all the items loaded adequately (>0.36) except for item 18 (0.266). The main factor, ̔Perspective taking̕ grouped 10 items; the second factor, ̔Compassionate care̕, grouped 6 items, and the third factor, ̔Standing in the patient's shoes̕, grouped 3 items; 42.2% of the variance was explained. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis suggest that the Spanish version of the JSE-HPS is a valid and reliable way to evaluate the empathic capacity of nursing students.

Factores personales y sociales que protegen frente a la victimización por bullying / Personal and social factors which protect against bullying victimization

Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de ser víctima de bullying y analizar la influencia de factores personales y sociales sobre este fenómeno en una población de adolescentes. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, transversal y multicéntrico, realizado entre alumnos de 15-18 años en cinco institutos de educación secundaria de Cuenca durante el curso académico 2015-1016. Las variables de estudio se recogieron mediante un cuestionario autoadministrado que incluyó: edad, sexo, diferentes subescalas del cuestionario KIDSCREEN-52 y la escala de resiliencia CD-RISC 10.Resultados: Se recogieron datos de 844 estudiantes (54% chicas), la edad media de la muestra fue de 16,36 años. La prevalencia de víctimas de bullying fue de 29,5%. El análisis multivariante para los factores personales, mostró que ser chica, ser más resiliente, tener mejor autopercepción y bienestar psicológico, protegen frente a ser víctimas. Mientras que el modelo de factores sociales indicó que tienen también un efecto protector los recursos económicos, las relaciones con los padres, amigos y entorno escolar. Conclusión: El bullying es un fenómeno complejo de elevada prevalencia y gran repercusión social. En nuestro trabajo, las características propias de los adolescentes tales como la capacidad de resistencia y el control emocional, así como las relacionadas con su red social de apoyo, son factores protectores frente al bullying. Las políticas de prevención deben ser multisectoriales y multidisciplinares implicando a la familia, entorno escolar y asistencial y red social. Las enfermeras de atención primaria y especialmente la enfermera escolar, podrían facilitar una mayor coordinación entre los distintos sectores y aunar esfuerzos para promover entornos seguros para nuestros jóvenes

Objective: To determine the prevalence of bullying victimization and to analyze personal and social factors influence over this phenomenon in an adolescent population.Methodology: A descriptive, cross-sectional and multicenter study was carried out in 15-18 years old pupils in five secondary schools of Cuenca during the 2015-16 school year. The variables were collected through a self-administered questionnaire and included age, gender, different subscales of the KIDSCREEN-52 questionnaire and the resilience scale CD-RISC 10.Results: Data were obtained from 844 students (of whom 54% were girls) whose average age was 16.36 years old. The prevalence of bullying victimization was 29,5%. The multivariate analysis for the personal factors showed that being girl, more resilient, having better self-perception and psychological well-being, protect from being victims. Whereas the social factors model indicated that financial resources, parents and peers' relations and school environment do also have a protective effect.Conclusion: Bullying is a complex phenomenon with high prevalence and great social impact. In our work, adolescents' specific characteristics such as resistance capacity and emotional control, as well as the ones related to their social support, are protective factors against bullying. Prevention polices should be multisectoral and multidisciplinary involving the family, school and health environment and social network. Primary care nurses and especially the school nurse could provide greater coordination among the different sectors and join efforts to promote safe environments for our young people

Influencia de la resiliencia sobre la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en adolescentes / Influence of resilience on health-related quality of life in adolescents

OBJETIVO: Analizar la influencia de la resiliencia sobre las distintas dimensiones de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en un grupo de adolescentes escolarizados en la ciudad de Cuenca. MÉTODO: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal, multicéntrico y polietápico en 5 institutos de Educación Secundaria durante el curso académico 2015-1016. Instrumentos: Cuestionario autoadministrado que incluía variables sociodemográficas y las escalas CD-RISC 10 para evaluar resiliencia y KIDSCREEN-52 para medir la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud. RESULTADOS: Se recogieron datos de 844 estudiantes, de los cuales el 54% fueron chicas y la edad media de la muestra fue de 16,36±1,05 años. Se observaron valores superiores de resiliencia en los chicos. Con respecto a la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud, fue menor en las chicas (salvo en la dimensión de aceptación social) y en el grupo de mayor edad. La resiliencia se asoció significativamente con todas las dimensiones del KIDSCREEN-52 y resultó ser un predictor relevante, especialmente en las dimensiones relacionadas con la salud mental y en todas las que miden relaciones sociales. CONCLUSIÓN: Nuestro estudio aporta evidencias sobre la sinergia calidad de vida relacionada con la salud-resiliencia en adolescentes. La resiliencia se asocia con niveles más elevados de calidad de vida en adolescentes y, al ser menor en chicas, puede ser uno de los factores explicativos de su peor calidad de vida relacionada con la salud

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the influence of resilience on the different dimensions of health-related quality of life in a group of adolescents in Cuenca. METHOD: A descriptive, cross-sectional, multicentre and multistage study was carried out in 5 secondary schools during the 2015-2016 school year. Instruments: A self-administered questionnaire, which included sociodemographic characteristics and the CD-RISC 10 scale to assess resilience together with the KIDSCREEN-52 questionnaire to measure health-related quality of life. RESULTS: Data were obtained from 844 students, of whom 54% were girls and the mean age was 16.36±1.05 years. Higher resilience scores were observed in boys. Health-related quality of life was lower in girls (except in the dimension of social acceptance) and in the oldest group. Resilience was significantly associated with all KIDSCREEN-52 dimensions and proved to be a relevant predictor, especially in the dimensions related with mental health and all those that measure social relationships. CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides evidence on the synergy between health-related quality of life and resilience in adolescents. Resilience is associated with higher levels of quality of life in adolescents and as the scores are lower in girls, it could be one of the explanatory factors for their poorer health-related quality of life

Influence of resilience on health-related quality of life in adolescents. / Influencia de la resiliencia sobre la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en adolescentes.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the influence of resilience on the different dimensions of health-related quality of life in a group of adolescents in Cuenca. METHOD: A descriptive, cross-sectional, multicentre and multistage study was carried out in 5 secondary schools during the 2015-2016 school year. INSTRUMENTS: A self-administered questionnaire, which included sociodemographic characteristics and the CD-RISC 10 scale to assess resilience together with the KIDSCREEN-52 questionnaire to measure health-related quality of life. RESULTS: Data were obtained from 844 students, of whom 54% were girls and the mean age was 16.36±1.05 years. Higher resilience scores were observed in boys. Health-related quality of life was lower in girls (except in the dimension of social acceptance) and in the oldest group. Resilience was significantly associated with all KIDSCREEN-52 dimensions and proved to be a relevant predictor, especially in the dimensions related with mental health and all those that measure social relationships. CONCLUSION: Our study provides evidence on the synergy between health-related quality of life and resilience in adolescents. Resilience is associated with higher levels of quality of life in adolescents and as the scores are lower in girls, it could be one of the explanatory factors for their poorer health-related quality of life.

Validez de la escala de resiliencia de Connor-Davidson (10 ítems) en una población de mayores no institucionalizados / Validity of the Connor-Davidson resilience scale (10 items) in a population of elderly

Objetivos: Evaluar las características psicométricas de la versión española del CD-RISC de 10 ítems en una muestra de personas mayores no institucionalizadas y examinar si mantiene la misma estructura factorial que muestra la escala original. Método Estudio descriptivo transversal multicéntrico de validación de una escala de medida, realizado en 5 zonas básicas de salud de la provincia de Cuenca. Se realizó un muestreo aleatorizado simple, cumplieron los criterios de inclusión 500 mayores, entre 60 y 75 años. Mediciones: variables sociodemográficas, cuestionario Pfeiffer, CD-RISC-10 (resiliencia), PSS (estrés percibido), los componentes físico y mental del SF-12 Mental Status, GDS (depresión geriátrica) y MOS (apoyo social).Resultados Encontramos un único factor subyacente en la escala CD-RISC de 10 ítems. La estructura factorial se testó mediante análisis factorial confirmatorio, comprobándose que un modelo de un único factor mostraba aceptables valores de bondad de ajuste tanto en hombres como en mujeres. La consistencia interna de los ítems se realizó mediante el a de Cronbach que fue de 0,81. Respecto a la validez convergente, las puntuaciones globales de la versión española del CD-RISC-10 correlacionaron directamente con el MOS y los componentes físico y mental del SF-12, e inversamente con las de PSS y GDS. Conclusiones La versión española del CD-RISC-10 mostró buenas propiedades psicométricas y por lo tanto puede ser utilizada como un instrumento válido y fiable para medir la resiliencia en la población de mayores no institucionalizados (AU)

Aims: To examine the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the CD-RISC 10-itemsin a sample of the elderly population of Cuenca, Spain; and to assess if the Spanish version preserves the same factorial structure as the original one. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in five health centres in the province of Cuenca. The study included a random sample of 500 people aged 60-75 years who lived within the community. Measurements: The sociodemographic variables, CD-RISC-10 (resilience), PSS (perceived stress), SF-12v2, Pfeiffer Short Portable Mental Status questionnaire, GDS (geriatric depression), and MOS (social support), were all used to gather data. The number of factors underlying the CD-RISC 10 items was analysed using exploratory factor analysis. Furthermore, this factor structure was tested by confirmatory factor analysis. Results: A single underlying factor was found in the CD-RISC 10 items. The factor structure was tested using confirmatory factor analysis and it was found that a single factor model showed acceptable goodness of fit values for both men and women. Convergent validity was performed to test whether the mean scores of the variables were significantly associated with resilience. The Cronbach's α coefficient for the CD-RISC 10 items scale was 0.81. The overall scores of the Spanish version of the CD-RISC-10 items correlated directly with MOS and the physical and mental components of SF-12, and inversely with the PSS and GDS. Conclusions: The Spanish version of the CD-RISC-10 showed good psychometric properties. Thus, it can be used as a valid and reliable instrument to measure resilience in the non-institutionalized older population (AU)

Factores asociados con calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en mayores institucionalizados: diferencias entre hombres y mujeres / Factors associated with health-related quality of life in the institutionalised elderly: differences between men and women

Objetivos. Analizar la asociacion de comorbilidad, capacidad funcional, estado de animo y percepcion de apoyo social con las dimensiones fisica y mental de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS), y evaluar las diferencias entre hombres y mujeres mayores institucionalizados sin deterioro cognitivo severo en Cuenca. Metodologia. Estudio descriptivo, transversal y multicentrico realizado en 16 residencias de Cuenca. Se realizo un muestreo aleatorio sistematico, cumplieron criterios de inclusion 281 residentes. Mediciones: variables sociodemograficas, clinicas e instrumentos estandarizados: SF12v2, mini-examen cognitivo, indice de Barthel, escala depresion geriatrica y escala percepcion apoyo social. Se realizaron modelos de regresion lineal multiple diferenciados para la dimension fisica y la mental del SF12 y por genero. Resultados. Un 55% fueron mujeres, con edad media de 82,6; mientras que en los hombres fue de 81,23. La comorbilidad fue mayor en mujeres 1,96, pero en la regresion no se asocio con la dimension fisica de la CVRS y sí lo hicieron discapacidad (β=0,313), sintomatología depresiva (β= -0,164) y percepción de apoyo social (β=0,158). La peor CVRS en mujeres la encontramos en la dimensión mental que se asoció con sintomatología depresiva (β=-0,422) y baja percepción de apoyo social (β=0,154). Conclusiones. Los factores biológicos y funcionales se asociaron con la dimensión física exclusivamente y el estado de ánimo con ambas dimensiones (física y mental). El factor diferencial que podría explicar la peor CVRS en mujeres institucionalizadas se asoció con una vivencia más negativa de la pérdida, tanto de capacidad funcional como de apoyo social (AU)

Aim. To examine the relationship between co-morbidity, functional capacity, mood and perception of social support, and the physical and mental dimensions of the Health-Related Quality of Life and assess the differences between institutionalised elderly men and women without severe cognitive impairment in Cuenca, Spain. Methods. A cross sectional, descriptive and multicentre study was conducted in 16 nursing homes. A representative sample of 281 elderly patients was randomly selected. Measures: demographic, clinic variables and standardised tools: SF12 health questionnaire, Mini-Mental State Examination, Barthel Index, Geriatric Depression Scale and Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey. Data (..) analysis was performed using multiple lineal regression models for physical and mental dimension of SF12, differentiated for gender. Results. The sample included 55% elderly women with an mean age of 82.6 years, and 45% men with a mean age of 81.2 years. Comorbidity was higher in women (1.96), but in the linear regression this was not associated with the physical dimension of HRQOL. We found an association with disability (β=313), depressive symptoms (β=-.164) and perceived social support (β=158). The worst HRQOL in women was found in the mental dimension associated with depressive symptoms (β= -.422) and in the low perceived social support (β=154). Conclusions. Biological and functional factors were only associated with the physical dimension, while depression was associated with both dimensions (physical and psychological). The differential factor that could explain the lower HRQOL in institutionalised women could be explained by a more negative experience of the disability and loss of social support (AU)

[Factors associated with health-related quality of life in the institutionalised elderly: differences between men and women]. / Factores asociados con calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en mayores institucionalizados: diferencias entre hombres y mujeres.

AIM: To examine the relationship between co-morbidity, functional capacity, mood and perception of social support, and the physical and mental dimensions of the Health-Related Quality of Life and assess the differences between institutionalised elderly men and women without severe cognitive impairment in Cuenca, Spain. METHODS: A cross sectional, descriptive and multicentre study was conducted in 16 nursing homes. A representative sample of 281 elderly patients was randomly selected. MEASURES: demographic, clinic variables and standardised tools: SF12 health questionnaire, Mini-Mental State Examination, Barthel Index, Geriatric Depression Scale and Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey. Data analysis was performed using multiple lineal regression models for physical and mental dimension of SF12, differentiated for gender. RESULTS: The sample included 55% elderly women with an mean age of 82.6 years, and 45% men with a mean age of 81.2 years. Comorbidity was higher in women (1.96), but in the linear regression this was not associated with the physical dimension of HRQOL. We found an association with disability (ß=313), depressive symptoms (ß=-.164) and perceived social support (ß=158). The worst HRQOL in women was found in the mental dimension associated with depressive symptoms (ß= -.422) and in the low perceived social support (ß=154). CONCLUSIONS: Biological and functional factors were only associated with the physical dimension, while depression was associated with both dimensions (physical and psychological). The differential factor that could explain the lower HRQOL in institutionalised women could be explained by a more negative experience of the disability and loss of social support.