RESUMO
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate microwave-induced morphological and functional injury of natural killer (NK) cells and uncover their mechanisms.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>NK-92 cells were exposed to 10, 30, and 50 mW/cm2 microwaves for 5 min. Ultrastructural changes, cellular apoptosis and cell cycle regulation were detected at 1 h and 24 h after exposure. Cytotoxic activity was assayed at 1 h after exposure, while perforin and NKG2D expression were detected at 1 h, 6 h, and 12 h after exposure. To clarify the mechanisms, phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK) was detected at 1 h after exposure. Moreover, microwave-induced cellular apoptosis and cell cycle regulation were analyzed after blockade of ERK signaling by using U0126.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Microwave-induced morphological and ultrastructural injury, dose-dependent apoptosis (P < 0.001) and cell cycle arrest (P < 0.001) were detected at 1 h after microwave exposure. Moreover, significant apoptosis was still detected at 24 h after 50 mW/cm2 microwave exposure (P < 0.01). In the 30 mW/cm2 microwave exposure model, microwaves impaired the cytotoxic activity of NK-92 cells at 1 h and down regulated perforin protein both at 1 h and 6 h after exposure (P < 0.05). Furthermore, p-ERK was down regulated at 1 h after exposure (P < 0.05), while ERK blockade significantly promoted microwave-induced apoptosis (P < 0.05) and downregulation of perforin (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Microwave dose-dependently induced morphological and functional injury in NK-92 cells, possibly through ERK-mediated regulation of apoptosis and perforin expression.</p>
Assuntos
Humanos , Apoptose , Efeitos da Radiação , Ciclo Celular , Efeitos da Radiação , Linhagem Celular , Relação Dose-Resposta à Radiação , Regulação para Baixo , Células Matadoras Naturais , Efeitos da Radiação , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases , Micro-Ondas , Subfamília K de Receptores Semelhantes a Lectina de Células NK , Genética , Metabolismo , Transdução de SinaisRESUMO
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The aim of this study is to investigate whether microwave exposure would affect the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) signaling pathway to establish whether this plays a role in synaptic plasticity impairment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>48 male Wistar rats were exposed to 30 mW/cm2 microwave for 10 min every other day for three times. Hippocampal structure was observed through H&E staining and transmission electron microscope. PC12 cells were exposed to 30 mW/cm2 microwave for 5 min and the synapse morphology was visualized with scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscope. The release of amino acid neurotransmitters and calcium influx were detected. The expressions of several key NMDAR signaling molecules were evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Microwave exposure caused injury in rat hippocampal structure and PC12 cells, especially the structure and quantity of synapses. The ratio of glutamic acid and gamma-aminobutyric acid neurotransmitters was increased and the intracellular calcium level was elevated in PC12 cells. A significant change in NMDAR subunits (NR1, NR2A, and NR2B) and related signaling molecules (Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II gamma and phosphorylated cAMP-response element binding protein) were examined.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>30 mW/cm2 microwave exposure resulted in alterations of synaptic structure, amino acid neurotransmitter release and calcium influx. NMDAR signaling molecules were closely associated with impaired synaptic plasticity.</p>
Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Efeitos da Radiação , Hipocampo , Biologia Celular , Micro-Ondas , Plasticidade Neuronal , Efeitos da Radiação , Neurônios , Efeitos da Radiação , Neurotransmissores , Metabolismo , Células PC12 , Receptores de N-Metil-D-Aspartato , Genética , Metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Fisiologia , Efeitos da Radiação , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
This paper is aimed to study the effect of ADL on expression of β1-AR and M2-AchR in myocardial cells of rats exposed to microwave radiation. Immunohistochemistry, Western blot and image analysis were used to detect the expression of β1-AR and M2-AchR in myocardial cells at 7 and 14 d after microwave exposure. The results show that the expression level was higher in microwave exposure group and 0.75 g/(kg•d) ADL group than in sham operation group and significantly lower in 1.5 and 3.0 g/(kg•d) ADL groups than in microwave group. So we have a conclusion that the expression of β1-AR and M2-AchR is down-regulated in myocardial cells of rats exposed to microwave radiation. ADL can protect rats against microwave-induced heart tissue injury.
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Regulação para Baixo , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas , Farmacologia , Coração , Micro-Ondas , Miocárdio , Biologia Celular , Metabolismo , Substâncias Protetoras , Farmacologia , Ratos Wistar , Receptor Muscarínico M2 , Metabolismo , Receptores Adrenérgicos beta 1 , MetabolismoRESUMO
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the impact of microwave radiation on GC-2spd cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We exposed cultured GC-2spd cells to microwave radiation at the average power densities of 0, 10 and 30 mW/cm2 for 15 minutes and, from I to 24 hours after the exposure, we observed the changes in cell proliferation, histology and ultrastructure, cell apoptosis, and cAMP content by MTIT, light microscopy, electron microscopy, flow cytometry and ELISA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the control group, the GC-2spd cells showed a significant decrease in proliferation ability at 1 -24 hours after 10 and 30 mW/cm2 microwave radiation, except at 12 hours after 30 mW/cm2 radiation (P <0.05 or P <0.01), with reduced length and number of cell enation and increased intra cytoplasm vacuoles. The rate of cell apoptosis (%) was significantly increased in the 10 and 30 mW/cm2 groups at 6 hours (4.56 +/- 2.09 vs 14.59 +/- 1.09 and 8.48 +/- 1.73, P <0.05 or P <0.01) , with agglutination and margin translocation of chromatins and obvious dilation of endo cytoplasmic reticula. The cAMP content (nmol/g) in the GC-2spd cells was remarkably reduced in the 10 and 30 mW/cm2 groups at 6 and 24 hours (2.77 +/-0.24 vs 1.65+/- 0. 17 and 1.96+/-0.10, 3.02 +/-0.47 vs 2.13 +/-0.33 and 1.69 +/-0.27, P <0.05 or P <0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Microwave radiation at 10 and 30 mW/cm2 may cause injury to GC-2spd cells, which is manifested by decreased content of intracellular cAMP, reduced activity of cell proliferation, and increased rate of cell apoptosis.</p>
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Camundongos , Apoptose , Efeitos da Radiação , Linhagem Celular , Efeitos da Radiação , Proliferação de Células , Efeitos da Radiação , Micro-Ondas , Espermatócitos , Efeitos da RadiaçãoRESUMO
More and more evidence from over 50 years of researches on the effects of electromagnetic radiation on male reproduction show that a certain dose of electromagnetic radiation obviously damages male reproduction, particularly the structure and function of spermatogenic cells. The mechanisms of the injury may be associated with energy dysmetabolism, lipid peroxidation, abnormal expressions of apoptosis-related genes and proteins, and DNA damage.
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Proteínas Reguladoras de Apoptose , Metabolismo , Dano ao DNA , Efeitos da Radiação , Relação Dose-Resposta à Radiação , Radiação Eletromagnética , Metabolismo Energético , Efeitos da Radiação , Genitália Masculina , Efeitos da Radiação , Peroxidação de Lipídeos , Efeitos da Radiação , Radiação Ionizante , Reprodução , Efeitos da RadiaçãoRESUMO
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the effects of long-term microwave exposure on hippocampal structure and function in the rat.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Experiments were performed on 184 male Wistar rats (three exposure groups and a sham group). Microwaves were applied daily for 6 min over 1 month at average power densities of 2.5, 5, and 10 mW/cm2. Learning and memory abilities were assessed by Morris water maze. High performance liquid chromatography was used to detect neurotransmitter concentrations in the hippocampus. Hippocampal structures were observed by histopathological analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Following long-term microwave exposure there was a significant decrease in learning and memory activity in the 7 d, 14 d, and 1 m in all three microwave exposure groups. Neurotransmitter concentrations of four amino acids (glutamate, aspartic acid, glycine, and gamma-aminobutyric acid) in hippocampus were increased in the 2.5 and 5 mW/cm2 groups and decreased in the 10 mW/cm2 group. There was evidence of neuronal degeneration and enlarged perivascular spaces in the hippocampus in the microwave exposure groups. Further, mitochondria became swollen and cristae were disordered. The rough endoplasmic reticulum exhibited sacculated distension and there was a decrease in the quantity of synaptic vesicles.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>These data suggest that the hippocampus can be injured by long-term microwave exposure, which might result in impairment of cognitive function due to neurotransmitter disruption.</p>
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Cognição , Hipocampo , Patologia , Efeitos da Radiação , Aprendizagem , Memória , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão , Micro-Ondas , Ratos WistarRESUMO
In order to establish a rapid and accurate method for the detection of Ebola virus (EBOV), the primers used in SYBR Green I real-time RT-PCR were designed based on the EBOV NP gene sequences published in GenBank. The SYBR Green I real-time RT-PCR was established and optimized for the detection of EBOV. The EBOV RNA that was transcribed in vitro was used as a template. The sensitivity of this method was found to reach 1.0 x 10(2) copies/microL and the detection range was 10(2) - 10(10). No cross reaction with RNA samples from Marburg virus, Dengue virus, Xinjiang hemorrhagic fever virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, Influenza virus (H1N1 and H3N2) and Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus E genomic RNA was found. The method would be useful for the detection and monitoring of EBOV in China.
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Humanos , Primers do DNA , Química , Genética , Ebolavirus , Genética , Doença pelo Vírus Ebola , Virologia , Compostos Orgânicos , Química , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , MétodosRESUMO
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of long-term microwave radiation on male reproduction in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 100 male Wistar rats were exposed to microwave radiation with average power density of 0, 2.5, 5 and 10 mW/cm2 for 4 weeks, 5 times a week and 6 minutes per time. Changes in serum testosterone, testicular index, histology and ultrastructure, and the percentage of teratospermia in the epididymis were observed dynamically at 6 h, 7 d, 14 d, 28 d and 60 d after the exposure.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was a significant decrease in serum testosterone concentration at 28 d after microwave radiation at 2.5, 5 and 10 mW/cm2 ([10.20 +/- 4.31] ng/ml, [5.56 +/- 3.47] ng/ml and [7.53 +/- 4.54] ng/ml) and at 60 d at 10 mW/cm2 ( [15.95 +/- 9.54] ng/ml), as compared with the control group ([23.35 +/- 8.06] ng/ml and [31.40 +/- 9.56] ng/ml) (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). No significant changes were found in the testis index at 6 h -60 d after microwave radiation at the three doses, but different degrees of degeneration, necrosis and shedding of spermatogenic cells, thinning of spermatogenic epithelia, and decrease or deletion of spermatozoa were observed, and more obvious at 28 d and 60 d. Swelling and cavitation of mitochondria in all spermatogenic cells, agglutination and margin translocation of nuclear chromatin in the spermatogonial and Leydig cells were seen at 7 d and 60 d after 5 mW/cm2 microwave radiation. The rate of teratospermia of the epididymis was increased, more obviously at 7 d after 2.5, 5 mW/cm2, 60 d after 5 mW/cm2, and 7 d, 28 d and 60 d after 10 mW/cm2 microwave radiation (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Long-term microwave radiation may cause injury to male reproduction, which is positively correlated with the radiation dose, and has an obvious late effect.</p>
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Relação Dose-Resposta à Radiação , Micro-Ondas , Ratos Wistar , Reprodução , Efeitos da Radiação , Cabeça do Espermatozoide , Efeitos da Radiação , Testículo , Efeitos da RadiaçãoRESUMO
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the protective effects of AduoLa Fuzhenglin(ADL) on the heart injury induced by microwave exposure in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred forty male Wistar rats were divided randomly into 5 groups: control, microwave radiation, 0.75 g x kg(-1) d(-1) ADL, 1.50 g x kg(-1) d(-1) ADL and 3.00 g x kg(-1) d(-1) ADL pretreatment groups. Rats in three ADL pretreatment groups were administrated by ADL per day for 2w then exposed to 30 mW/cm2 microwaves for 15 min. The left ventricle blood of rats was obtained at 7 d and 14 d after exposure to microwaves, and the blood Ca2+, AST and CK were detected with Coulter automatic biochemical analyzer, then the histological changes and ultrastructure of heart were observed under light and electron microscopes.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At 7 d and 14 d after exposure to microwaves, the blood Ca2+, AST and CK concentrations significantly increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01) as compared with controls; Heart muscle fibers showed wavilness, endotheliocyte karyopyknosis, anachromasis; The mitochondria swelling and cavitation, intercalary dies blurred in radiation groups. The changes in 0.75 g x kg(-1) d(-1) ADL pretreatment group were similar to the radiation group, but in 1.50 g x kg(-1)d(-1) and 3.00 g x kg(-1) d(-1) ADL pretreatment groups, above indexes of rats significantly reduced as compared with microwaves group (P<0.05); also the blood Ca2+, AST, CK contents were significantly lower than those in microwave group (P<0.05); The heart showed a tendency to improve.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Microwave radiation (30 mW/cm2) can cause the blood Ca2+, AST and CK turbulence, and heart injury in the histology and ultrastructure; ADL at the dosages of 1.50 g x kg(-1) d(-1) and 3.00 g x kg(-1) d(-1) has a protective effects on the heart injury induced by microwave in rats.</p>
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Aspartato Aminotransferases , Sangue , Cálcio , Sangue , Creatina Quinase , Sangue , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas , Farmacologia , Coração , Efeitos da Radiação , Micro-Ondas , Mitocôndrias Cardíacas , Efeitos da Radiação , Miocárdio , Patologia , Ratos WistarRESUMO
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the inhibitory effect of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on cancer cells line HCT-8 and HT29 and its influence on the expression of HES1 and JAG1.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Colorectal cancer cells line HCT-8 and HT29 were cultured in vitro and treated with different concentrations of EGCG(10 mg/L, 20 mg/L, 35 mg/L). The inhibition of proliferation was tested by MTT analysis. Influence of EGCG on the cell apoptosis and cell cycle of HCT-8 and HT29 were detected with flow cytometry, and gene expression of HCT-8 and HT29 after EGCG treatment with real-time polymerase chain reaction.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>EGCG affected the proliferation and apoptosis of HCT-8 and HT29. The inhibition rates of the three different concentrations of EGCG were(28.894±5.076)%, (34.903±1.794)%, and (39.028±0.105)% on HCT-8, and (14.682±4.244)%, (22.429±3.847)%, and (29.840±5.076)% on HT29. EGCG caused G(2)/M phase arrest and M phase transition in HCT-8 cell line, and S phase arrest and G2 phase transition in HT29 cell line. EGCG down-regulated HES1 gene expression in both cell lines, however, the differences were not statistically significant(both P>0.05). EGCG upregulated JAG1 gene expression in both cell lines, however only the difference in HCT-8 was statistically significant(0.201±0.018 vs. 0.440±0.077, P=0.029).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>EGCG can significantly inhibit the proliferation of HT29 cells and HCT-8 cells by changing cell cycle and inducing cell apoptosis. The mechanism may be related to the upregulation of JAG1 gene expression.</p>
Assuntos
Humanos , Apoptose , Fatores de Transcrição Hélice-Alça-Hélice Básicos , Metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação ao Cálcio , Metabolismo , Catequina , Farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células , Neoplasias Colorretais , Patologia , Citometria de Fluxo , Células HT29 , Proteínas de Homeodomínio , Metabolismo , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intercelular , Metabolismo , Proteína Jagged-1 , Proteínas de Membrana , Metabolismo , Proteínas Serrate-Jagged , Fatores de Transcrição HES-1RESUMO
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the changes in the expressions of the tight junction related protein occludin and junctional adhesion molecule-1 (JAM-1) of the blood-testis barrier and their significance in rats after microwave radiation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighty male Wistar rats were exposed to microwave radiation with average power density of 0, 10, 30 and 100 mW/cm2 for five minutes, and dynamic changes in the expressions of testicular occludin and JAM-1 were observed by Western blot and image analysis at 6 h, 1 d, 3 d, 7 d and 14 d after the radiation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was a significant down-regulation in the expression of the occludin protein at 3 - 7 d, 6 h - 7 d and 6 h - 14 d (P < 0. 05), as well as in that of JAM-1 at 3 - 7 d, 1 - 7 d and 1-14 d (P < 0.05) after exposure to 10, 30 and 100 mW/cm2 microwave radiation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The decreased protein expressions of occludin and JAM-1 may play an important role in the microwave radiation induced-damage to the blood-testis barrier.</p>
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Barreira Hematotesticular , Metabolismo , Efeitos da Radiação , Moléculas de Adesão Celular , Metabolismo , Regulação para Baixo , Proteínas de Membrana , Metabolismo , Micro-Ondas , Ocludina , Ratos Wistar , Testículo , Metabolismo , Efeitos da RadiaçãoRESUMO
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of aquaporin 4 (AQP4) after microwave exposure and the correlation with the brain injury by radiation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>70 male rats were exposed to microwave whose average power density was 0, 10, 30 and 100 mW/cm(2) respectively. Rats were sacrificed at 6 h, 1 d, 3 d and 7 d after exposure. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to detect the expression of AQP4 in protein level in rat hippocampus, and the expression of AQP4 in gene level was measured by in situ hybridization and RT-PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression of AQP4 in rat hippocampus was abnormal after 10, 30, 100 mW/cm(2) microwave exposure. The protein level showed increased at first and then recovered at 10 and 30 mW/cm(2) groups, while increased progressively in 100 mW/cm(2) group within 14 d (P < 0.01). The gene expression of AQP4 was increased (0.51 +/- 0.02) at the beginning (6 h) and then regained after 10 mW/cm(2) microwave exposure, while in 30 and 100 mW/cm(2) groups, it rose to the peak at 7 d (0.46 +/- 0.02 and 0.43 +/- 0.08) and didn't get back (P = 0.004; P = 0.012).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Microwave radiation can increase the expression of AQP4 in rat hippocampus. The change might participate in the process of increasing permeability of blood-brain barrier and lead to the brain edema after microwave radiation.</p>
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Aquaporina 4 , Genética , Metabolismo , Hipocampo , Metabolismo , Efeitos da Radiação , Micro-Ondas , Ratos WistarRESUMO
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore whether microwave radiation may cause injury of primary cultured Sertoli cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The model of primary cultured Sertoli cells in vitro was established, which was radiated by microwave with average power density 0, 30 and 100 mW/cm(2) for five minutes. The changes of cell cycle, apoptosis and death, and intracellular Ca2+ concentration in the Sertoli cells were measured at sixth hours through Annexin V-PI double labeling and Fluo-3-AM labeling, flow cytometry combined with laser scanning confocal microscopy after microwave exposure.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The numbers of Sertoli cells were obviously reduced in G0-G1 and G2-M phase (62.57% +/- 3.22% and 8.25% +/- 1.75%) and increased in S phase (29.17% +/- 4.87%) compared with the control groups (79.18% +/- 0.24%, 11.17% +/- 0.50% and 9.64% +/- 0.62%) (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), but the changes of rate of apoptosis and death and intracellular Ca2+ concentration showed no difference at 6 h after exposure to 30 mW/cm(2) microwave. There was a significant increase in the Sertoli cell counts of G0-G1 phase (87.69% +/- 1.32%), and decrease in the Sertoli cell counts of G2-M and S phase (7.41% +/- 0.60% and 4.87% +/- 0.91%) (P < 0.01). There was also a significant increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration and rate of apoptosis and death (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) at 6 h after exposure to 100 mW/cm(2) microwave.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>100 mW/cm(2) microwave radiation may cause growth inhibition and increase of apoptosis and death in the primary cultured Sertoli cells. The increase of intracellular Ca2+ concentration is one of the injury mechanisms.</p>
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Apoptose , Efeitos da Radiação , Cálcio , Metabolismo , Ciclo Celular , Efeitos da Radiação , Células Cultivadas , Micro-Ondas , Ratos Wistar , Células de Sertoli , Metabolismo , Patologia , Efeitos da RadiaçãoRESUMO
<p><b>AIM</b>To study the development of changes for signaling molecules related to Raf/MEK/ERK pathway in hippocampus of rats after electromagnetic radiation, and investigate the mechanisms of radiation injury.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Rats were exposed to X-HPM, S-HPM and EMP radiation source respectively, and animal model of electromagnetic radiation was established. Western blot was used to detect the expression of Raf-1, phosphorylated Raf-1 and phospholylated ERK.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression of Raf-1 down-regulated during 6 h-14 d after radiation, most significantly at 7 d, and recovered at 28 d. There was no significant difference between the radiation groups. The expression of phosphorylated Raf-1 and phosphorylated ERK both up-regulated at 6 h and 7 d after radiation, more significantly at 6 h, and the two microwave groups were more serious for phosphorylated ERK. During 6 h-14 d after S-HPM radiation, the expression of phosphorylated Raf-1 increased continuously, but phosphorylated ERK changed wavily, 6 h and 7 d were expression peak.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway participates in the hippocampus injury induced by electromagnetic radiation. The excessive activation of ERK pathway may result in the apoptosis and death of neurons, which is the important mechanism of recognition disfunction caused by electromagnetic radiation.</p>
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Apoptose , Radiação Eletromagnética , MAP Quinases Reguladas por Sinal Extracelular , Metabolismo , Hipocampo , Metabolismo , Efeitos da Radiação , MAP Quinase Quinase Quinases , Metabolismo , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases , Efeitos da Radiação , Fosforilação , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-raf , Metabolismo , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos WistarRESUMO
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the development of changes for Raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) and its mRNA in rats hippocampus after electromagnetic radiation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Rats were exposed to X-band high power microwave (X-HPM), S-band high power microwave (S-HPM) and electromagnetic pulse (EMP) radiation source respectively. The animal model of electromagnetic radiation was established. Western blot was used to detect the expression of RKIP, and RT-PCR was applied to detect the expression of RKIP mRNA. The interaction of RKIP and Raf-1 was measured with co-immunoprecipitation method, and the expression of cerebral choline acetyltransferase (CHAT) was measured by immunohistochemistry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression of RKIP significantly down-regulated at 6 h after radiation, and recovered at 1 d in group EMP, but the down-regulation continued during 1 approximately 7 d after radiation in the two microwave groups. The expression of RKIP mRNA changed wavily during 6 h approximately 7 d after radiation, which showed down-regulation at 6 h, and up-regulation at 3 d. The interaction of RKIP and Raf-1 decreased during 6 h approximately 7 d after radiation, most significantly at 7 d, and the two microwave groups were more significant. The expression of CHAT decreased continuously during 6 h approximately 7 d after radiation, and generally recovered on 14 d.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The down-regulation of RKIP and its related proteins of hippocampus is induced by electromagnetic radiation.</p>
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Radiação Eletromagnética , Hipocampo , Metabolismo , Efeitos da Radiação , MAP Quinase Quinase Quinases , Metabolismo , Proteína de Ligação a Fosfatidiletanolamina , Genética , Metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-raf , RNA Mensageiro , Genética , Ratos WistarRESUMO
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the effect of high power microwave (HPM) radiation on the structure and function of blood-testis barrier (BTB) in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and sixty-six male Wistar rats were treated by heart perfusion of lanthanum-glutaraldehyde solution and tail vein injection of evans blue (EB) at 6 h, 1, 3, 7 and 14 d after exposed to 0, 10, 30 and 100 mW/cm2 HPM radiation for 5 minutes, the structural change of BTB and distribution of lanthanum or EB observed through the light microscope, electron microscope and laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Testicular interstitial edema, vascular congestion or hyperemia with accumulation of plasma proteins and red blood cells in the inner compartment of seminiferous tubules were observed after exposure to HPM. The above-mentioned pathological changes were aggravated at 1-7 d and relieved at 14 d after radiation, obviously more severe in the 30 and 100 mW/cm2 exposure groups than in the 10 mW/cm2. Both lanthanum precipitation and EB were deposited in the inner compartment.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HPM radiation may damage the structure and increase the permeability of BTB.</p>
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Barreira Hematotesticular , Patologia , Efeitos da Radiação , Micro-Ondas , Ratos WistarRESUMO
The testis is highly sensitive to electromagnetic radiation. Sperm is the passer of male genetic material and electromagnetic radiation may cause structural and functional injury to the testis, including motility reduction, abnormality increase and ultrastructural alteration of epididymal sperm. Energy metabolism disorder in spermatogenic cells, enhancement of lipid peroxidation in the testis, excessive expression of inflammatory factors and abnormality of genetic transcription may be responsible for injury to the testis and epididymal sperm. This paper reviews the progress made in this field and the preventive measures against the injury.
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Animais , Humanos , Masculino , Ratos , Epididimo , Efeitos da Radiação , Radiação , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Contagem de Espermatozoides , Motilidade dos Espermatozoides , Efeitos da Radiação , Testículo , Efeitos da RadiaçãoRESUMO
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of microwave radiation on synaptic structure, characteristic of synaptosome, the contents and release of neurotransmitters in hippocampus in Wistar rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Wistar rats were exposed to microwave radiation with average power density of 30 mW/cm(2). Electron telescope was used to study the change of the synaptic structure at 6 h after radiation and to identify synaptosome. Flow cytometry and electron spin resonance were used to study the change of the concentration of Ca(2+) in synapse and the fluidity of membrane proteins of synaptosome. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and spectrophotometer were used to study the changes of contents and release of amino acids and acetylcholine in hippocampus.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Microwave radiation of 30 mW/cm(2) caused deposits of synapse vesicle, elongation of active zone, the increase of thickness of postsynaptic density (PSD) and curvature, and perforation of synapse. The concentration of Ca(2+) in synapse (P<0.01) and tc of membrane proteins (P<0.01) of synaptosome increased contents of glutamic acid and glycine (P<0.01) and release of GABA increased the increase of contents and release of acetylcholine, and activity of acetyl cholinesterase (P<0.01) increased.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Microwave radiation can induce the injure of synaptic structure and function of hippocampus, and then induce the disorder of the ability of learning and memory in rats.</p>
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Hipocampo , Metabolismo , Patologia , Efeitos da Radiação , Micro-Ondas , Ratos Wistar , Sinapses , Metabolismo , Patologia , Efeitos da Radiação , Sinaptossomos , Metabolismo , Efeitos da RadiaçãoRESUMO
Objective To explore the possible mechanism and protective effect of Xuebijing injection (血必净注射液)and dexamethasone on rats with paraquat-induced chronic pulmonary injury.Methods Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups:normal group(n=5),model group(n=5), treatment groups(n=20).In the normal group,normal saline was used,while in the other groups,20% paraquat 80 mg/kg was injected peritoneally for poisoning.After 2 hours of intoxication,low dose Xuebijing injection(1.25 g/kg),high dose Xuebijing injection(2.50 g/kg),dexamethasone(25 mg/kg),high dose Xuebijing injection combined with dexamethasone(combined group)respectively were administered into the four different treatment groups,equal amount of normal saline was given to the normal and model groups,and the treatment continued for 4 days.At 28 days after paraquat injection,5 rats in each group were killed respectively,serum transforming growth factor-?1(TGF-?1)and hydroxyproline(HYP)level in the lung homogenate were measured,and pulmonary coefficient and histological changes were observed.Results In the treatment groups,the levels of serum TGF-?1 and lung tissue HYP,pulmonary coefficient were leas than those of model group,and among the treatment groups,combined group had the best results(all P
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the pathological characteristics and the dynamic change regularity of the testis induced by high power microwave (HPM) radiation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and sixty-five male Wistar rats were exposed to 0, 3, 10, 30 and 100 mW/cm2 HPM radiation for five minutes, and changes of testicular morphology and teratogenic ratio of epididymal spermatozoa were observed through light microscope and electron microscope at 6 h, 1, 3, 7, 14, 28 and 90 d after radiation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Injury of testicular spermatogenic cells in rats might be induced by 3 to approximately 100 mW/cm2 HPM radiation, and the main pathological changes were degeneration, necrosis, shedding of spermatogenic cells, formation of multinuclear giant cells, decrease or loss of sperm and interstitial edema. Injury of spermatogenic cells underwent such phases as death and shedding, cavitation, regeneration and repair, characterized by being focalized, inhomogenous and phased. And the severity of pathological changes of the testis increased with power density. There was only scattered degeneration, necrosis, shedding of spermatogenic cells in the seminiferous tubule one day after 3 mW/cm2 radiation, and the pathological changes six hours after 10 mW/cm2 radiation was similar to those one day after 3 mW/cm2 radiation, but with the formation of multinuclear giant cells, and the above-mentioned pathological changes aggravated from one day to seven days after radiation. There was a significant increase in degeneration, necrosis, shedding of spermatogenic cells, as well as a significant decrease in spermatozoa and focal necrosis in simple seminiferous tubules six hours after 30 and 100 mW/cm2 radiation, and the subsequent changes were similar to those of 10 mW/cm2 radiation. There was a significant increase in teratogenic ratio of epididymal spermatozoa at 3 d, 1 to approximately 7 d, 6 h to approximately 7 d after 3, 10, 30 and 100 mW/cm2 microwave radiation respectively (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HPM radiation may cause injury of testicular spermatogenic cells in rats, which has a positive correlation to radiation dosage and time.</p>