CBIR-SAR System Using Stochastic Distance.

This article proposes a system for Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) using stochastic distance for Synthetic-Aperture Radar (SAR) images. The methodology consists of three essential steps for image retrieval. First, it estimates the roughness (α^) and scale (γ^) parameters of the GI0 distribution that models SAR data in intensity. The parameters of the model were estimated using the Maximum Likelihood Estimation and the fast approach of the Log-Cumulants method. Second, using the triangular distance, CBIR-SAR evaluates the similarity between a query image and images in the database. The stochastic distance can identify the most similar regions according to the image features, which are the estimated parameters of the data model. Third, the performance of our proposal was evaluated by applying the Mean Average Precision (MAP) measure and considering clippings from three radar sensors, i.e., UAVSAR, OrbiSaR-2, and ALOS PALSAR. The CBIR-SAR results for synthetic images achieved the highest MAP value, retrieving extremely heterogeneous regions. Regarding the real SAR images, CBIR-SAR achieved MAP values above 0.833 for all polarization channels for image samples of forest (UAVSAR) and urban areas (ORBISAR). Our results confirmed that the proposed method is sensitive to the degree of texture, and hence, it relies on good estimates. They are inputs to the stochastic distance for effective image retrieval.

Detecção de exsudatos em imagens de retina por técnicas de morfologia matemática e agrupamento nebuloso / Exudate detection in retina images by mathematical morphology techniques and fuzzy clustering

A retinopatia diabética (RD) é uma das principais complicações do diabetes mellitus, pois causa sérios danos à retina e consequentemente à visão, podendo inclusive resultar em cegueira. O diagnóstico da RD é realizado através da análise visual de imagens de retina, sendo os exsudatos (depósitos de gordura) os principais padrões rastreados pelo médico especialista. Vale destacar que o diagnóstico precoce, realizado através do monitoramento regular, associado ao tratamento adequado apresenta inúmeros benefícios na prevenção da deficiência visual. Neste trabalho, é proposto um algoritmo de detecção de exsudatos em imagens de retina, cuja validação experimental é realizada na base pública DIARETDB1. A escolha desta base se deve à disponibilidade da localização dos exsudatos na retina, o que constitui o padrão ouro para a validação dos algoritmos. A metodologia proposta combina agrupamento nebuloso e técnicas de morfologia matemática, além de prover a detecção do disco óptico considerando que o mesmo é um ponto de convergência dos vasos. Os resultados mostraram que o método de detecção de exsudatos apresentou taxas de acerto na avaliação por imagens e por regiões na ordem de 73,03% e 99,41%, respectivamente. Estes resultados confirmam que houve uma melhoria no desempenho na detecção, quando comparados, aos resultados de métodos disponíveis na literatura.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the major complications of diabetes mellitus and, furthermore it causes severe damage to the retina and consequently to the vision. DR may lead to blindness and therefore it is important to prevent it or early detect and treat it. The diagnosis of DR is performed by visual analysis of retinal images being exudates (fat deposits) the main patterns traced by a specialist doctor. It is noteworthy that early diagnosis, through regular monitoring when coupled with proper treatment, results in numerous benefits in the prevention of visual impairment. Thus, this paper proposes an algorithm for exudate detection in retinal images, whose experimental validation is performed on retina images of the publicly available DIARETDB1 database. The reason for choosing this database is that it provides spatial coordinates of exudates in retina images which constitute ground truths for the algorithm validation. The proposed methodology combines fuzzy clustering and mathematical morphology techniques, and thus it provides a method for optic disk detection considering that it is as the convergent point of vessels. The exudate detection method presented successful rates of 73.03% and 99.41% concerning the use of the whole image and only partial regions, respectively. These results confirm the performance improvement provided by the proposed methodology, when comparing it to other methods available in the literature.