Kinematic reconstruction in cardiovascular imaging. / Reconstrucción cinemática en imagen cardiovascular.

OBJECTIVE: Advances in clinical applications of computed tomography have been accompanied by improvements in advanced post-processing tools. In addition to multiplanar reconstructions, curved planar reconstructions, maximum intensity projections, and volumetric reconstructions, very recently kinematic reconstruction has been developed. This new technique, based on mathematical models that simulate the propagation of light beams through a volume of data, makes it possible to obtain very realistic three dimensional images. This article illustrates examples of kinematic reconstructions and compares them with classical volumetric reconstructions in patients with cardiovascular disease in a way that makes it easy to establish the differences between the two types of reconstruction. CONCLUSION: Kinematic reconstruction is a new method for representing three dimensional images that facilitates the explanation and comprehension of the findings.

Lesiones polipoideas en la vesícula biliar: ¿ha habido novedades en los últimos 5 años? / Polypoid lesions of the gallbladder: have there been any changes in the last five years?

Las lesiones polipoideas de la vesícula biliar (LPVB) son poco frecuentes en la edad pediátrica. Pueden ser primarias o secundarias, malignas o benignas. Pueden cursar de modo asintomático, o acompañarse de cólico biliar, dolor abdominal inespecífico, náuseas, vómitos, sensación de plenitud, colestasis y/o pancreatitis. Se diagnostican mediante una ecografía abdominal. En la mayoría de los centros se considera la cirugía si la lesión es mayor de 10 mm, si se asocia a litiasis biliar, si el pólipo es sésil, si hay un aumento rápido de tamaño o si produce clínica. Presentamos el primer caso de LPVB múltiples en un paciente pediátrico, así como una revisión de los cambios producidos en el manejo de esta entidad en los últimos 5 años (AU)

Polypoid gallbladder lesions (PGL) in children have rarely been reported. They may be primary or secondary, malignant or benign. They can be asymptomatic or be accompanied by biliary colic, unspecific abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, bloating, cholestasis, and/or pancreatitis. They are diagnosed through abdominal ultrasound. In most centers surgery is considered if the lesion is larger than 10 mm, if it is associated with gallstones, if the polyp is sessile or flat, if there is a rapid increase in size or if the patient is symptomatic. We report the first case of multiple PGL in a pediatric patient and a review of the changes in the management of this disease in the last five years (AU)

Enfermedad hepática por depósito graso en pacientes no alcohólicos y no obesos: reflexiones a propósito de un caso / Fatty liver disease in non-alcoholic and non obese patients: reflections from a case

La enfermedad hepática por depósito graso no alcohólica (EHDGNA) es la causa principal de hepatopatía crónica en niños y adolescentes en algunos países, como Estados Unidos. Este hecho obedece a que las tasas de obesidad se han duplicado en los últimos 20 años. La posible evolución hacia este ato hepatitis, cirrosis, hepatocarcinoma e insuficiencia cardiaca conlleva que la historia natural de un proceso en apariencia inocente no lo sea en absoluto. No obstante, la EHDGNA no sólo aparece en pacientes obesos. Presentamos un caso de EHDGNA en un niño de 14 años de edad con un índice de masa corporal de 21,5. Este caso nos servirá para revisar diversos aspectos de esta entidad (AU)

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the main cause of chronic liver disease in children and adolescents in some countries, as the United States of America. This fact may be due to a two-fold rise increase in rates of obesity in the last twenty years. The possible progress to steato hepatitis, cirrhosis, hepato cellular carcinoma and heart failure makes the natural history of aseemingly innocent process not to be so at all. However, the NAFLD is not only found in obese patients. We report a case of NAFLD in a 14 year old child with a body mass index of 21.5.This case will be useful to review diverse aspects of this entity (AU)