[Chemical composition and content of antiphysiological factors of jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) residual meal]. / Estudio sobre la composición química y contenido de factores antifisiológicos de la pasta residual de jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis).

Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) is a perennial plant with an interesting economic value by processing it for liquid wax production. By pressing of jojoba seeds, by-product which has been called "residual meal" has been obtained, and because of its high protein content, it would be a great interest to evaluate it as animal feedstuff. The results of this study showed the following. Both seed and residual meal were analyzed in regard to their chemical proximal composition: crude protein 14.03 and 25.24%; ether extract, 48.89 and 14.73%; crude fiber, 10.03 and 10.07%; ash, 1.59 and 4.72, and nitrogen-free extract, 25.46 and 45.25, the limiting amino acids being methionine, lysine and isoleucine. The trypsin inhibitor factors were 13.747 and 11,197 TIU/g; and hemagglutinins and saponins were negative for both samples. Cyanogenic glucosides were positive in both samples. It was concluded that jojoba residual meal is an alternative as an adequate feedstuff in those regions where jojoba is produced. Nevertheless, prior to consumption it must be treated so as to eliminate the toxic factors.

Estudio sobre la composición quimica y contenido de factores antifisiologicos de la pasta residual de jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) / Chemical composition and content of antiplysiological factors of jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) residual meal

La jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) es una planta que últimamente ha despertado grand interés mundial debido a la cera líquida que de ella se obtiene. Aun cuando se ha prestado mucha atención al uso potencial de esta cera como sustituto del aceite de ballena (cachalote), poco ha sido el trabajo efectuado sobre el subproducto, de elevado contenido proteínico, que queda después de la extracción del aceite. Considerando que una de las principales preocupaciones actuales es la búsqueda de nuevas fuentes de alimentos, tanto para consumo humano como animal, es clara la necesidad de efectuar un estudio sobre este producto. Como resultados significativos de la caracterización realizada se obtuvo: proteína cruda, 14.03 y 25.25%; extracto etéreo, 48.89 y 14.73%; fibra cruda, 10.03 y 10.07%; cenizas, 1.59 y 4.72, y extracto libre de nitrógeno, 25.46 y 45.25, siendo los aminoácidos limitantes la metionina, lisina e isoleucina; el inhibidor de tripsina, 13,747 y 11,197 UIT/g, y presencia de glucósidos cianogénicos en la semilla y la pasta, respectivamente. Se puede considerar, que por su valor nutritivo, la pasta residual de jojoba es un suplemento adecuado para la alimentación animal. Sin embargo, requiere de un tratamiento previo a su consumo para eliminar los factores tóxicos

[Analysis of the seed Bixa orellana, L. (annatto) and the waste generated in the extraction of its pigments]. / Análisis de la semilla Bixa orellana, L. (achiote) y del desecho generado en la extracción de sus pigmentos.

Annatto seed (Bixa orellana, L.) contains colored pigments (bixin and orelline) on its outer surface which at present are currently used as coloring agents in the food industry. This seed was analyzed, with and without the pigment--which was extracted by the vegetable oil method--so as to establish the possible use of the extracted seed which nowadays is considered as waste. Different dehulling and defatting treatments were applied to the annatto seed in order to obtain a flour with a greater protein content, and to diminish its crude fiber level. The different flours were then subjected to proximate analysis; protein quality was determined by amino acid analysis, and toxicological factors, mineral and vitamin contents, fatty acid profile, breakdown potential by measurement of feed digestion in the rumen of fistulated goats, fiber fractions, and bacteriological determinations were also performed. A protein content of 13.7% was determined in the seed without pigment, which increased to 14.8% with the dehulling and defatting procedures, thus reducing the crude fiber level from 14.4% to 6.5%. The results showed that the limiting amino acid is tryptophan. The toxicity level was found to be of no importance, and the vitamin and mineral content as well as the fiber fractions were very similar to those determined in cereals, but with a higher level of carotenoids. A satisfactory dry matter degradation index was obtained in the digestibility test done in ruminants. According to the above-mentioned results, it is possible to use this resource as a feed and, when mixed with other materials, as a food in human nutrition.