Sedation effect of acepromazine and butorphanol in dopplervelocimetric parameters in great abdominal arteries and femoral artery in dogs / Efeito da sedação com acepromazina e butorfanol nos parâmetros dopplervelocimétricos de grandes artérias abdominais e da femoral em cães

Background: Doppler ultrasound is a non-invasive diagnostic imaging technique that allows vascular anatomical and dynamics evaluation. Each artery has flow velocity profiles and different Doppler spectrum. The purpose of this study was to determine if sedation with acepromazine and butorphanol in dogs alters Doppler velocimetric values and diameter from abdominal aorta, celiac, mesenteric cranial, renal, external iliac and femoral arteries of healthy dogs.Materials, Methods & Results: Twenty healthy female dogs, aged 1 to 5 years, with body weight ranging from 10 to 25 kg, were evaluated with Doppler ultrasound in order to obtain: peak systolic velocity, end diastolic velocity, time average medium velocity, time average maximum velocity, resistive index, pulsatility index, and diameter from abdominal aorta, celiac, mesenteric cranial, renal, external iliac and femoral arteries. The same animals were sedated with acepromazine (0.02 mg/kg) and buthorphanol (0.4 mg/kg) and the same parameters were reevaluated. The heart rate was also measured. The study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of UFRGS, under the 25552 protocol, and the owners signed an informed consent form. Statistical analysis was performed with pared t test.The heart rate was statistically significant different, 98 ± 20.13 bpm before and 79 ± 17.74 after sedation. The exam was done before and after [...](AU)

Sedation effect of acepromazine and butorphanol in dopplervelocimetric parameters in great abdominal arteries and femoral artery in dogs / Efeito da sedação com acepromazina e butorfanol nos parâmetros dopplervelocimétricos de grandes artérias abdominais e da femoral em cães

Background: Doppler ultrasound is a non-invasive diagnostic imaging technique that allows vascular anatomical and dynamics evaluation. Each artery has flow velocity profiles and different Doppler spectrum. The purpose of this study was to determine if sedation with acepromazine and butorphanol in dogs alters Doppler velocimetric values and diameter from abdominal aorta, celiac, mesenteric cranial, renal, external iliac and femoral arteries of healthy dogs.Materials, Methods & Results: Twenty healthy female dogs, aged 1 to 5 years, with body weight ranging from 10 to 25 kg, were evaluated with Doppler ultrasound in order to obtain: peak systolic velocity, end diastolic velocity, time average medium velocity, time average maximum velocity, resistive index, pulsatility index, and diameter from abdominal aorta, celiac, mesenteric cranial, renal, external iliac and femoral arteries. The same animals were sedated with acepromazine (0.02 mg/kg) and buthorphanol (0.4 mg/kg) and the same parameters were reevaluated. The heart rate was also measured. The study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of UFRGS, under the 25552 protocol, and the owners signed an informed consent form. Statistical analysis was performed with pared t test.The heart rate was statistically significant different, 98 ± 20.13 bpm before and 79 ± 17.74 after sedation. The exam was done before and after [...]

Stent placed by endoscopy for the treatment of tracheal obstruction caused by a tumor in a domestic cat

Background: Tracheal tumors are rare and may cause obstruction of the trachea. The neoplasms most commonly diagnosed in cats are lymphosarcoma, squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas. Surgical resection may provide a clinical cure for small, benign and localized tumors. For malignant neoplasia, surgery is usually palliative. Tracheal segment excision is an invasive procedure, particularly when the intrathoracic trachea is involved, and this increases the risk of stenosis, surgical suture dehiscence, necrosis and pneumothorax. Intraluminal tracheal stents have been used in dogs with tracheobronchomalacia, presenting a feasible alternative to surgery for the treatment of tracheal lumen obstruction. Case: A 11-year-old male mixed-breed cat was referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (HCV-UFRGS) with a history of appetite loss, wasting and progressive inspiratory dyspnea, for the last 30 days. The cat presenting with oral breathing. Radiography of the lateral thorax shown a radiopaque area, 1cm in diameter, superimposed in the tracheal region, close to the carina cartilage, at the fourth intercostal space. A tracheoscopy confirmed the diagnosis of tracheal neoplasia, which was identified as an adenocarcinoma by biopsy and histopathology. Given that surgical resection may result in significant morbidity and consequent mortality, the owner chose a palliative treatment without adjuvant therapy for adenocarcinoma until acquisition of the stent, with partial resection of the tumor performed during tracheoscopy. This procedure was performed twice at an interval of three months. After the first endoscopic examination, the patient regained weight and normal behavior. Three months after the second tracheoscopy, signs of labored breathing recurred. At this point, the obstruction was treated with implantation of an intratracheal stent. A nitinol biliary stent, 35 mm in length, 8 mm in diameter, was applied during tracheoscopy without fluoroscopy aid. The cat received postoperative treatment with dexamethasone 0.25 mg.kg­¹ SID for seven days. The patient showed immediate clinical improvement in dyspnea, but retained an episodic cough. After six months, the cat suffered a relapse of dyspnea. Radiographic examination revealed a large area of radiopacity in the region of the tracheal stent, suggesting an increase in size of the tumor, and possible metastasis in the lung parenchyma. The patient underwent repeat tracheoscopy, and almost complete obstruction of the tracheal lumen was found. The cat died during this procedure. Post-mortem examination was requested, which confirmed tracheal obstruction resulting from growth of the tumor, and pulmonary metastasis. Discussion: There are few reports of tracheal neoplasms in cats, because they are uncommon. The diagnosis was based on radiography, tracheoscopy and incisional biopsy. Treatment with surgery involves high morbidity and mortality. For this reason we chose the use of a tracheal stent, although palliative in cases of cancer. Stents are frequently used in humans with malignant tracheal obstruction, but the few reports in the veterinary literature, are focused on dogs presenting with tracheobronchomalacia. In cats, a few cases of tracheal stenosis and tumors have been treated experimentally with stents, which have shown success in reestablishing an airway. In previous reports, the technique has always been carried out with the aid of fluoroscopy. The application of the stent using tracheoscopy alone was efficient. The patient in this report suvived for one year since it diagnosed before near-total obstruction of the trachea occurred. Therefore this was a palliative measure, which allowed the patient a good quality of life while receiving adjuvant therapy when possible or necessary.

Ovariosalpingohisterectomia (OSH) via NaturalOrifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery híbrida(h-NOTES) como tratamento de hiperplasiavaginal em cadela – Relato de caso / Ovariohysterectomy by hibrid Natural Orifice Translumial Endoscopy Surgery(h-NOTES) for treatment of vaginal hyperplasia in a bitch – case report

A hiperplasia vaginal caracteriza-se pela proliferação da mucosa da vagina durante o pró-estro, a qualse inicia no piso vaginal anterior ao orifício uretral e forma uma massa que protrui a partir da vulva.O presente trabalho relata um caso de hiperplasia vaginal tratada cirurgicamente com OSH por viaNOTES transvaginal híbrida em uma cadela boxer, nulípara, de 18 meses e 22,4 kg. Após a realizaçãodos acessos com dois portais de 10 mm, um posicionado na linha média ventral e outro transvaginal,foi promovida a fixação transparietal dos cornos uterinos, ruptura do ligamento suspensório e hemostasiados vasos ovarianos com ligaduras extracorpóreas e clipes de titânio. A exposição e extirpaçãodos cornos uterinos e ovários foram realizados pelo acesso vaginal. A ressecção da massa hiperplásicafoi obtida com aplicação de suturas hemostáticas em Wolff ao redor de sua base, sobreposto por entrelaçadade Ford. No período pós-operatório a paciente recuperou-se sem intercorrências, não sendoobservadas complicações. Após 10 dias do procedimento cirúrgico, foi observada total involução dotecido prolapsado, discreto edema vulvar e adequada cicatrização. Conclui-se que o tratamento cirúrgicode hiperplasia vaginal por OSH via NOTES híbrida, seguida da extirpação da massa prolapsadaé viável para cães, podendo estar associada à rápida recuperação pós-operatória.

Vaginal hyperplasia is the proliferation of the vaginal mucosa during proestrus. It begins in the vaginalfloor, anterior to the urethral orifice, and forms amass that protrudes through the vulva. Thepresent work reports a case of vaginal hiperplasia treated by ovariohysterectomy via hybrid transvaginalNOTES in an 18 month-old boxer nulliparous female dog. The access was performed withtwo portals of 10mm, one at the ventral midline and another by transvaginal approach. The uterinehorns were hold by transparietal fixation. The suspensory ligament was ruptured and the ovarian vessels excised after ligation with extracorporeal ligature and titanium clips. The uterine horns and ovaries wereexposed through the vaginal access and removed. The protruded mass was excised after ligation at its base withWolff sutures superposed with a ford interlocking. Recovery was uneventful and no complications were observedin the immediate postoperative period. After ten days, there was complete regression of the prolapse, mild vulvarswelling, and adequate healing of the surgical wounds. Operative treatment of vaginal hyperplasia through OSHby hybrid NOTES followed by removal of the prolapsed mass showed to be feasible and appropriate for dogs, still,it may be associated with quick postoperative recovery.

Ovariosalpingohisterectomia (OSH) via NaturalOrifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery híbrida(h-NOTES) como tratamento de hiperplasiavaginal em cadela Relato de caso / Ovariohysterectomy by hibrid Natural Orifice Translumial Endoscopy Surgery(h-NOTES) for treatment of vaginal hyperplasia in a bitch case report

A hiperplasia vaginal caracteriza-se pela proliferação da mucosa da vagina durante o pró-estro, a qualse inicia no piso vaginal anterior ao orifício uretral e forma uma massa que protrui a partir da vulva.O presente trabalho relata um caso de hiperplasia vaginal tratada cirurgicamente com OSH por viaNOTES transvaginal híbrida em uma cadela boxer, nulípara, de 18 meses e 22,4 kg. Após a realizaçãodos acessos com dois portais de 10 mm, um posicionado na linha média ventral e outro transvaginal,foi promovida a fixação transparietal dos cornos uterinos, ruptura do ligamento suspensório e hemostasiados vasos ovarianos com ligaduras extracorpóreas e clipes de titânio. A exposição e extirpaçãodos cornos uterinos e ovários foram realizados pelo acesso vaginal. A ressecção da massa hiperplásicafoi obtida com aplicação de suturas hemostáticas em Wolff ao redor de sua base, sobreposto por entrelaçadade Ford. No período pós-operatório a paciente recuperou-se sem intercorrências, não sendoobservadas complicações. Após 10 dias do procedimento cirúrgico, foi observada total involução dotecido prolapsado, discreto edema vulvar e adequada cicatrização. Conclui-se que o tratamento cirúrgicode hiperplasia vaginal por OSH via NOTES híbrida, seguida da extirpação da massa prolapsadaé viável para cães, podendo estar associada à rápida recuperação pós-operatória.(AU)

Vaginal hyperplasia is the proliferation of the vaginal mucosa during proestrus. It begins in the vaginalfloor, anterior to the urethral orifice, and forms amass that protrudes through the vulva. Thepresent work reports a case of vaginal hiperplasia treated by ovariohysterectomy via hybrid transvaginalNOTES in an 18 month-old boxer nulliparous female dog. The access was performed withtwo portals of 10mm, one at the ventral midline and another by transvaginal approach. The uterinehorns were hold by transparietal fixation. The suspensory ligament was ruptured and the ovarian vessels excised after ligation with extracorporeal ligature and titanium clips. The uterine horns and ovaries wereexposed through the vaginal access and removed. The protruded mass was excised after ligation at its base withWolff sutures superposed with a ford interlocking. Recovery was uneventful and no complications were observedin the immediate postoperative period. After ten days, there was complete regression of the prolapse, mild vulvarswelling, and adequate healing of the surgical wounds. Operative treatment of vaginal hyperplasia through OSHby hybrid NOTES followed by removal of the prolapsed mass showed to be feasible and appropriate for dogs, still,it may be associated with quick postoperative recovery.(AU)

Leimiossarcoma oral em cão jovem / Oral Leiomyosarcoma in young dog

O leiomiossarcoma consiste em um tumor mesenquimal proveniente da musculatura lisa de rara incidênciana cavidade oral. Em cães há poucas referências quanto ao seu diagnóstico, manejo e prognóstico,dificultando a conduta. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo relatar um caso de leiomiossarcomaoral em um canino de três anos, o qual foram realizadas duas intervenções cirúrgicas, associaçãode eletroquimioterapia e bioterápico autógeno como terapia adjuvante na sobrevida do paciente. Apóso primeiro exame clínico observou-se presença de um tumor na maxila de aproximadamente 2,5cm x2,0cm de diâmetro com envolvimento ósseo, confirmado pela radiografia intra-oral da região afetada,optando-se pela realização de maxilectomia parcial esquerda do canino ao quarto pré-molar até a rafepalatina. O primeiro laudo histopatológico revelou épulis fibromatoso, porém, após três meses houverecidiva sobre o flape mucoperiostal, onde o segundo laudo revelou tratar-se de leiomiossarcomaoral. Com a evolução e acompanhamento do caso pode-se concluir que este tumor possui alta recidivalocal, e o tratamento baseia-se na ressecção do tumor com ampla margem de segurança

Leiomyosarcoma is a mesenchymal tumor originating from smooth muscle and it is rare in the oralcavity. In dogs there are few references regarding their diagnosis, management and prognosis, hinderingtheir management. This paper aims to report a case of oral leiomyosarcoma in a dog with threeyears old, which were performed two surgeries, an association electrochemotherapy and biotherapicautogenous as adjuvant therapy on patient survival. The first clinical examination showed a tumor inthe jaw about 2.5 cm x 2.0 cm in diameter with bone involvement, confirmed by intra-oral radiographsof the affected region, opting to perform the partial maxillectomy of the left canine fourth premolar tothe median raphe. The first pathologic diagnosis was fibromatous epulis; however, after three monthsthere was recurrence of the mucoperiosteum flap, where the second report revealed oral leiomyosarcoma.With the development and monitoring of the case it could be concluded that the leiomyosarcomahas a high local recurrence, and treatment is based on tumor resection with wide margin of safety

Leimiossarcoma oral em cão jovem / Oral Leiomyosarcoma in young dog

O leiomiossarcoma consiste em um tumor mesenquimal proveniente da musculatura lisa de rara incidênciana cavidade oral. Em cães há poucas referências quanto ao seu diagnóstico, manejo e prognóstico,dificultando a conduta. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo relatar um caso de leiomiossarcomaoral em um canino de três anos, o qual foram realizadas duas intervenções cirúrgicas, associaçãode eletroquimioterapia e bioterápico autógeno como terapia adjuvante na sobrevida do paciente. Apóso primeiro exame clínico observou-se presença de um tumor na maxila de aproximadamente 2,5cm x2,0cm de diâmetro com envolvimento ósseo, confirmado pela radiografia intra-oral da região afetada,optando-se pela realização de maxilectomia parcial esquerda do canino ao quarto pré-molar até a rafepalatina. O primeiro laudo histopatológico revelou épulis fibromatoso, porém, após três meses houverecidiva sobre o flape mucoperiostal, onde o segundo laudo revelou tratar-se de leiomiossarcomaoral. Com a evolução e acompanhamento do caso pode-se concluir que este tumor possui alta recidivalocal, e o tratamento baseia-se na ressecção do tumor com ampla margem de segurança(AU)

Leiomyosarcoma is a mesenchymal tumor originating from smooth muscle and it is rare in the oralcavity. In dogs there are few references regarding their diagnosis, management and prognosis, hinderingtheir management. This paper aims to report a case of oral leiomyosarcoma in a dog with threeyears old, which were performed two surgeries, an association electrochemotherapy and biotherapicautogenous as adjuvant therapy on patient survival. The first clinical examination showed a tumor inthe jaw about 2.5 cm x 2.0 cm in diameter with bone involvement, confirmed by intra-oral radiographsof the affected region, opting to perform the partial maxillectomy of the left canine fourth premolar tothe median raphe. The first pathologic diagnosis was fibromatous epulis; however, after three monthsthere was recurrence of the mucoperiosteum flap, where the second report revealed oral leiomyosarcoma.With the development and monitoring of the case it could be concluded that the leiomyosarcomahas a high local recurrence, and treatment is based on tumor resection with wide margin of safety(AU)