Roles of alternative splicing in infectious diseases: from hosts, pathogens to their interactions / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Alternative splicing (AS) is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism that removes introns and ligates exons to generate mature messenger RNAs (mRNAs), extremely improving the richness of transcriptome and proteome. Both mammal hosts and pathogens require AS to maintain their life activities, and inherent physiological heterogeneity between mammals and pathogens makes them adopt different ways to perform AS. Mammals and fungi conduct a two-step transesterification reaction by spliceosomes to splice each individual mRNA (named cis -splicing). Parasites also use spliceosomes to splice, but this splicing can occur among different mRNAs (named trans -splicing). Bacteria and viruses directly hijack the host's splicing machinery to accomplish this process. Infection-related changes are reflected in the spliceosome behaviors and the characteristics of various splicing regulators (abundance, modification, distribution, movement speed, and conformation), which further radiate to alterations in the global splicing profiles. Genes with splicing changes are enriched in immune-, growth-, or metabolism-related pathways, highlighting approaches through which hosts crosstalk with pathogens. Based on these infection-specific regulators or AS events, several targeted agents have been developed to fight against pathogens. Here, we summarized recent findings in the field of infection-related splicing, including splicing mechanisms of pathogens and hosts, splicing regulation and aberrant AS events, as well as emerging targeted drugs. We aimed to systemically decode host-pathogen interactions from a perspective of splicing. We further discussed the current strategies of drug development, detection methods, analysis algorithms, and database construction, facilitating the annotation of infection-related splicing and the integration of AS with disease phenotype.

Prevention and treatment of cepharanthine through MAPK/ERK signaling pathway in rats with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and its effect on Survivin, XIAP and Bcl-2 / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

【Objective】 To investigate the preventive and therapeutic effects of cepharanthine on nasopharyngeal carcinoma rats through the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway and its effect on Survivin and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), and B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 (Bcl-2). 【Methods】 A rat model of nasopharyngeal carcinoma was established by subcutaneous injection of dinitrosopiperazine (DNP). Then the rats were randomly divided into model group, stephenine group, activator group, inhibitor group, and control group. Interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 levels in nasal lavage fluid were detected, HE staining was used to observe pathological changes of nasal mucosa, TUNEL method was used to observe cell apoptosis of nasal mucosa, Western blotting was used to detect ERK, p-ERK, Survivin, XIAP, Bcl-2, Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) protein expression of nasal mucosa. 【Results】 The histopathological changes of rat nasal mucosa in stephenine group, activator group and inhibitor group were significantly better than those in model group; the improvement in activator group was worse. Compared with model group, the body mass, Survivin, XIAP, and Bcl-2 protein expressions increased, while the levels of IL-1β and IL-18, the rate of apoptosis and p-ERK1/2 and Bax protein expressions decreased in cephalothin group, activator group and inhibitor group (P<0.05). Compared with cephalothin group, in activator group the body mass, Survivin, XIAP, and Bcl-2 protein expressions decreased, whereas IL-1β and IL-18 levels, the rate of apoptosis, and p-ERK1/2 and Bax protein expressions increased. In inhibitor group, the body mass, Survivin, XIAP, and Bcl-2 protein expressions increased, IL-1β and IL-18 levels, the rate of apoptosis, and p-ERK1/2 and Bax protein expressions decreased (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 Stephaneine has a certain preventive effect on nasopharyngeal carcinoma rats, which may play an effect by inhibiting the MAPK/ERK pathway.

Effect and mechanism of bone microenvironment on healing of osteoporotic fractures / 中华创伤杂志

The osteoporotic fracture is characterized by difficult treatment and poor prognosis. The studies of bone biology show that bone microenvironment changes during osteoporotic fractures，such as changes in immune factors，abnormal chemotaxis and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells（MSCs），decreased estrogen secretion and receptor down-regulation and decreased mechanical sensitivity，which affect the fracture healing process. Current studies have shown that by improving the phenotypic polarization of macrophages，enhancing the chemotactic osteogenic activity of MSCs，supplementing estrogen and improving the biomechanical properties of bone can remodel the balance of bone microenvironment，thereby effectively improve the bone quality. The authors explore the effect and mechanism of bone microenvironment on healing of osteoporotic fractures from the perspectives of changes in bone microenvironment and imbalance of bone microenvironment that affect fracture healing and methods of bone microenvironment reconstruction，so as to provide new ideas for clinical treatment of osteoporotic fractures.

COVID-19 infection induces readily detectable morphological and inflammation-related phenotypic changes in peripheral blood monocytes, the severity of which correlate with patient outcome

BackgroundExcessive monocyte/macrophage activation with the development of a cytokine storm and subsequent acute lung injury, leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a feared consequence of infection with COVID-19. The ability to recognize and potentially intervene early in those patients at greatest risk of developing this complication could be of great clinical utility. MethodsWe performed detailed flow cytometric analysis of peripheral blood samples from 28 COVID-19 patients treated at Xian No.8 Hospital and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University in early 2020 in an attempt to identify factors that could help predict severity of disease and patient outcome. FindingsWhile we did not detect significant differences in the number of monocytes between patients with COVID-19 and normal healthy individuals,we did identify significant morphological and functional differences, which are more pronounced in patients requiring prolonged hospitalization and ICU admission. Patients with COVID-19 have larger than normal monocytes, easily identified on forward scatter, side scatter analysis by routine flow cytometry,with the presence of a distinct population of monocytes with high forward scatter (FSC-high). On more detailed analysis, these FSC-high monocytes are CD11b+, CD14+, CD16+, CD68+, CD80+, CD163+, CD206+ and secrete IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-alpha, consistent with an inflammatory phenotype. ConclusionsThe detection and serial monitoring of this subset of inflammatory monocytes using flow cytometry could be of great help in guiding the prognostication and treatment of patients with COVID-19 and merits further evaluation.

Expression and its clinicopathological significance of Survivin, MSH2 and MSH6 in colorectal cancer / 中国医师杂志

Objective To analyze the changes of Survivin,MSH6 and MSH2 expression in colorectal cancer and explore their relationship with clinical and pathological parameters.Methods 197 cases of colorectal adenocarcinoma and 20 cases of inflammatory intestinal mucosa were detected by immunohistochemistry with Survivin,MSH6 and MSH2,and the correlation between Survivin,MSH6 and MSH2 expression was analyzed.Results In the control group of 20 cases with inflammatory non-tumor intestinal mucosa,the positive expression rate of MSH2,MSH6,Survivin were 95％,95％,10％,respectively.While the positive expression rate of MSH2,MSH6,Survivin were 88.3％,74.1％ and 84.3％ in 197 cases of colorectal cancer.Survivin positive expression rate in colorectal cancer group was significantly higher than that in inflammatory control group (P ＜ 0.05).Survivin expression was correlated with invasion depth and lymph node metastasis in colorectal cancer tissue (P ＜ 0.05),but not with gender,age,tumor size,gross type or degree of differentiation (P ＞ 0.05).MSH2 expression was correlated with tumor size and lymph node metastasis (P ＜ 0.05),but not with gender,age,gross type,depth of infiltration and degree of differentiation (P ＞ 0.05).MSH6 expression was related to gender and lymph node metastasis (P ＜ 0.05),but not to age,tumor size,gross type,infiltration depth and differentiation (P ＞ 0.05).Colorectal cancer tissues showed positive correlation between MSH6 and MSH2 (r =0.326,P ＜ 0.01),positive correlation between MSH2 and Survivin positive expression (r =0.277,P ＜ 0.01),and positive correlation between MSH6 and Survivin positive expression (r =0.435,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The positive expression rate of Survivin in colorectal cancer is high.MSH2,MSH6 and Survivin in colorectal cancer play an important role in the development and progression of colorectal cancer,and can provide evidence for the detection of these three factors,including metastasis risk,prognosis assessment and clinical treatment.In particular,Survivin gene may provide evidence for gene therapy.

Mechanism and clinical application of diquaphosol sodium ophthalmic solution in dry eye patients / 中华实验眼科杂志

Chinese dry eye consensus 2020 updated the definition and classification of dry eye, stressing tear-film instability as the core mechanism of dry eye.The classification criteria are complemented with tear component abnormality as an important category.As a P2Y 2 receptor agonist, diquafosal sodium is a novel pharmaceutical agent for dry eye treatment.Diquaphosol sodium eye drops can promote the secretion of mucin, fluid and lipid, improve the composition of each layer of tear film, and comprehensively improve the stability of tear film.It also has the function of repairing corneal epithelium, so it can be used to treat ocular surface injury caused by dry eye.Targeting at the inflammation involved in the pathogenesis of dry eye, it can inhibit the inflammatory pathways and the expression of inflammatory factors.The advantages and effectiveness of diquaphosol sodium eye drops in the treatment of dry eye have been demonstrated in multi-center clinical trials, and the Chinese dry eye consensus 2020 has identified diquaphosol sodium eye drops as the first-line treatment for fluid deficient dry eyes and one of the first choices in the treatment of mucin-deficient dry eyes.In this paper, the mechanism, clinical efficacy and safety of diquaphosol sodium in different types of dry eyes, the treatment of different abnormal tear film components and the application of diquaphosol sodium in the Chinese dry eye consensus 2020 were reviewed, so as to deepen its new progress in the treatment of dry eye.

Expression levels of serum tenascin-C in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with different excretion rates of urinary albumin and its clinical significance / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

The expression levels of serum tenascin-C, osteopontin(OPN), and transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1) in the patients of diabetic mellitus were measured by ELISA. With the increase of the UACR, the expression of tenascin-C, osteopontin, and transforming growth factor-β1 showed a trend of increase and hypertension will argument this phenomenon. Pearson correlation analysis showed that levels of tenascin-C were positively correlated with HbA1C , body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, UACR, osteopontin, and transforming growth factor-β1.

A multicenter investigation into the status of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in Beijing elderly diabetic patients / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To investigate the risk factors and appropriate screening methods for diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN ). Methods This research is a multicenter ,randomized ,cross-sectional study. Questionnaires ,physical examinations and laboratory tests were performed on 1054 elderly diabetic outpatients at 13 hospitals in urban and rural areas of Beijing. Patients were screened for DPN with the five physical examinations recommended by the Diabetes Branch of the Chinese Medical Association. They were divided into a confirmed DPN group(n=449 ,42.6％ ) ,a suspected DPN group(n=276 ,26.2％ ) ,and a non-DPN group(n=329 ,31.2％ ).Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze risk factors for DPN.The sensitivity ,specificity ,Youden index ,and area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC)curve were calculated and used for evaluating each test and their combinations in screening DPN and for choosing the opitmal test combination. Results The differences in age ,family income ,duration of diabetes ,glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c) ,hypoglycemia ,and dyslipidemia among three groups were statistically significant (all P<0.01). The decision whether or not to initiate metformin therapy ,metformin doses and DPN prevalence in patients on long-term metformin therapy showed statistically significant differences among three groups (all P<0.01). The differences in the prevalences of cerebral infarction ,diabetic retinopathy ,and peripheral vascular disease among three groups were statistically significant (all P< 0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis suggested that levels of HbA1c ,hypoglycemia ,LDL cholesterol ,whether or not metformin use , metformin dose ,and duration of metformin use were risk factors for DPN in elderly diabetics (all P<0.05) . The combined methods of ankle reflex ,vibratory sensation and temperature sensation used for screening DPN showed the best results with a sensitivity of 94.1％ ,specificity of 75.3％ ,an area under the ROC curve of 0.847 ,and a Yoden index of 0.6945. Conclusions The prevalence of DPN in elderly diabetic outpatients at third-level referral hospitals in Beijing is high. Poor glycaemic control ,repeated episodes of hypoglycemia , metformin use and its daily dose and duration are risk factors for DPN in elderly diabetics.We should focus on strengthening the DPN screening and management of high-risk population.Symptoms of peripheral neuropathy plus ankle reflex ,vibratory and temperature sensations are simple ,rapid and reliable DPN-screening methods ,and can be promoted in outpatient department and primary hospitals.

The mediating effect of coping style between self-esteem and negative emotions among college students with left-behind experience / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To explore mediating effect of coping style on the relationship between self-esteem and negative emotions among college students with left-behind experience. Methods The investiga-tion was carried out among 663 college students with left-behind experience by multistage sampling method, using coping style scale, self-esteem scale, self-rating anxiety scale and Beck depression inventory. Re-sults Scores of all scales were shown as follows: self-esteem (3. 09±0. 51),anxiety (34. 94±7. 90),de-pression (8. 80±8. 72),solving problem coping (9. 03±2. 57),help-seeking coping (5. 70±2. 24),self-bla-ming coping (3. 54±2. 24),fantasy coping (4. 56±2. 35),avoidance coping (4. 74±2. 02),rationalizing coping (4. 67±2. 32). Anxiety and depression had significantly negative correlations with self-esteem(r=-0. 46,-0. 50,P<0. 01) ,solving problem coping( r=-0. 29,-0. 30,P<0. 01) and help-seeking coping( r=-0. 08,-0. 18,P<0. 01) ,and significantly positive correlations with rationalizing coping( r=0. 32,0. 28,P<0. 01),self-blaming coping(r=0. 45,0. 43,P<0. 01),fantasy coping(r=0. 33,0. 23,P<0. 01) and avoid-ance coping(r=0. 26,0. 23,P<0. 01). There were partially significant mediating effects of solving problem coping(-0. 09,95％CI:-0. 06--0. 13),rationalizing coping(-0. 03,95％CI:-0. 01--0. 05),self-blaming coping(-0. 11,95％CI:-0. 06--0. 15) ,fantasy coping(-0. 02,95％CI:-0. 01--0. 04) ,and non-significant effects of help-seeking coping and avoidance coping in the relationship between self-esteem and negative e-motions. Conclusion Solving problem coping,rationalizing coping,self-blaming coping and fantasy coping play a partial mediating role in the relationship between self-esteem and negative emotions,while the media-ting effect of help-seeking coping and avoidance coping are not significant.

Traditional Chinese medicine treatment for Parkinson's disease at early stage and collateral disease theory / 中国中西医结合急救杂志

Parkinson's disease is an incurable disease, the various therapeutic methods can not completely prevent the development of the disease, and the early treatment can achieve the effect of delaying the progress of this disease. The etiology and pathogenesis of the disease are explained by the theory of collateral disease, and the drug therapy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) guided by the theory may obtain satisfactory clinical therapeutic effect. The theory is a continuously deepening process to diagnose a disease from syndrome differentiation-disease differentiation-syndrome differentiation, being consistent with the fundamental thought of TCM.

Relationship between histopathologic characteristics and epidermal growth factor receptor mutation in lung adenocarcinoma / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To correlate morphological features with mutations of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in lung adenocarcinomas.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>According to 2011 International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer/American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society International Multidisciplinary Lung Adenocarcinoma Classification, a total of 72 surgically resected lung adenocarcinomas were collected and classified into different histological subtypes and different cell types (hobnail, columnar and polygonal). EGFR gene mutation was detected with the amplification refractory mutation method provided by the EGFR mutation test kit. The correlation between these subtypes and EGFR mutations were evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Mutations of EGFR were detected in 48.6% (35/72) of lung adenocarcinomas; 19del and L858R were major mutational types (88.6%, 31/35). EGFR mutations were associated with female gender, non-smoking status, and well to moderately differentiated tumor histology. EGFR mutation types were not associated with age, smoking index, lymph node metastasis, stage, status of whether have or not have inclusion bodies or psammoma bodies and mitotic level. Correlations were observed between acinar and papillary adenocarcinoma subtypes and EGFR mutations according to the new classification. EGFR mutation was rare in the subtype of solid adenocarcinoma with mucin production and almost never observed in special subtypes (mainly mucinous and colloid adenocarcinoma). In addition, EGFR mutation was associated with the hobnail cell type.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Lung adenocarcinomas of predominate acinar and papillary histological subtypes with hobnail cell morphology are good predictors for EGFR mutations.</p>

In situ observation of the effects of local irradiation on cytotoxic and regulatory T lymphocytes in cervical cancer tissue.

Local radiotherapy is the major therapeutic approach to control inoperable cervical cancer. In this study, we analyzed the local immune microenvironment of cervical cancer before and after clinical radiation therapy to investigate whether tumor response due to immunomodulation. A total of 59 patients with pathologically diagnosed cervical cancers classified according to the International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology (FIGO) criteria were recruited. The patients were treated according to their disease status with standard radiation regimens. For each patient, tumor biopsies were conducted before, during and after radiation treatment with the doses of 0, 10, 20 and 30 Gy, respectively. All of the tumor samples were then grouped according to the doses delivered and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes with the biomarkers of CD8, CD4, FOXP3 and OX40 were measured by in situ immunohistochemistry. We found that before radiation treatment both CD8(+) T cell and CD4(+) T cell infiltrates were more present in the tumor stroma than in the tumor nests, while OX40(+) and FOXP3(+) T cell infiltrates were present at similar levels in both the tumor nests and stroma. After radiation treatment, the levels of CD8(+) T cells and CD4(+) T cells in the tumor nests and stroma were decreased compared with the levels before irradiation. However, OX40(+) T cells and FOXP3(+) T cells did not show any difference before and after irradiation, which indicates that the FOXP3(+) T cells were more resistant to ionizing radiation than were the cytotoxic effector T cells and demonstrates a dynamic rebalance of infiltrating lymphocytes in the tumor milieu occurs after radiotherapy. This suggest that local antitumor immunity could be compromised due to decreased cytotoxic effector cells and the relatively stable status of FOXP3(+) T cells after irradiation. Therefore, regulation of these FOXP3(+) T cells may be a potentially effective approach to enhance the efficacy of cancer radiation therapy.

Clinical observation of the effect of ATRA, As2O3 and chemotherapy on acute promyelocytic leukemia / 白血病·淋巴瘤

Objective To observe the efficacy and side effects of combined therapy with victoria A acid,arsenic trioxide and chemotherapeutics for newly diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Methods 40 cases of patients were treated with combined therapy of ATRA, As2O3 and chemotherapy. The efficacy and side effects were analysed. Results 92.5 % (37/40) achieved complete remission(CR). The CR time was 27(22-61) d by average; leukocytes≥ 10×109/L group complete remission was 72.7 % (8/11), leukocytes < 10×l09/L group complete remission was 100 % (29/29). There was a significant different (x2 =8.550, P =0.004). No severe side effects was observed except one who developed retinoic acid syndrom. Conclusion The combined regimen of ATRA and As2O3 with chemotherapy for acute promyelocytic leukemia should be the first choice management.

An optimal blocking strategy for non-specific staining in immuno-infiltration assay / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective To select an optimal non-specific antigen blocking method by using immuno-infiltration assay so as to suit protein chip preparation. Methods Human papillomavirus type 16 L1 protein expressed by insect-baculovirus espressin system was incubated with skimmed milk powder, calf serum, bovine serum albumin (BSA) combinations of five kinds of methods to block the non-specific antigen. PBS was used as control. The effect of eliminating non-specific stain was detected by immuno-infiltration assay. Results After repeated tests, the results showed that the stability and repeatability of blocking effects were poor for the fixing up antigen first and then blocking method, and the blank control was prone to false positive. The infiltration rate of NC membrane would be affected by using skimmed milk powder as a blocking agent because the pore of NC membrane was easily plugged by milk powder particles. The use of calf serum as a blocking agent made it very difficult to determine the result because the calf serum absorbed by NC membrane produced the background; however, when 20g/L BSA was used to blocking before fixing up antibody, the results became satisfactory. Conclusion Fixing up antibody after blocking in immuno-infiltration assay showed that the blocking effect against non-specific antigen was satisfactory, stable and repeatable, indicating this method is a novel optimal blocking method compared with others.

The prevalence of human papillomavirus type 58 in Chinese patients with cervical carcinoma and its influence on survival.

AIMS: To assess the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) type-specific infections and its influence on prognosis and survival rate of cervical cancer patients treated with radiotherapy alone or in combination with chemotherapy or hyperthermotherapy or both. MATERIALS AND METHODS: During 1993 and 1994, 120 patients with cervical cancer were consecutively assigned into four therapeutic modalities. One hundred and eight formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue samples available at the time of this study were subjected to DNA extraction. The DNA was analysed for the presence of HPV and HPV type-specific infections with polymerase chain reaction. The experimental data were co-analysed with the follow-up data to evaluate prognosis and survival in relation to the HPV infection and treatment. RESULTS: All samples were found to be positive for HPV; 32.40% (95% confidence interval 23.72-42.09) of samples were HPV 16 single positive, 16.67% (95% confidence interval 10.19-25.06) were HPV 58 single positive, 34.26% (95% confidence interval 25.4-44.01) were HPV 16/58 double positive and 16.67% (95% confidence interval 10.19-25.06) were positive for other HPV types. The 5-year survival rates were 88.89, 80.0, 67.57 and 61.11% in patients with HPV 58 single positive, HPV 16 single positive, HPV 16/58 double positive, and other HPV types, respectively (P=0.18), irrespective of the treatment modalities. Univariate Cox regression analysis results showed that compared with the HPV 16 single positive group, the relative risk of death was high in the HPV 16/58 double positive group (hazard ratio 1.81, 95% confidence interval 0.71-4.60) and the other HPV types group (hazard ratio 2.09, 95% confidence interval 0.73-5.96), whereas it was lower in the HPV 58 single positive group (hazard ratio 0.53, 95% confidence interval 0.11-2.56), but this was not statistically significant (P=0.43). All results remained statistically non-significant after adjustment for age and tumour stage with multivariate Cox regression. No apparent differences were observed in the survival rates among the four groups with regard to the treatment protocols. CONCLUSION: No effect was seen of either treatment protocols or HPV type on survival, except for a slightly high survival in HPV 58 single-infected patients, which was statistically non-significant.

Evaluation of the efficacy of intensive pulse light on facial beauty / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of intensive pulse light (IPL) device for facial rejuvenation and the treatment of hyperpigmented lesions, facial telangiectasias, acne vulgaris and hair removal. Methods One hundred females who claim to improve their skin texture, hair re-moval and patients with hyperpigmented lesions, facial telangiectasias and acne vulgaris were treated with IPL device. Patients received five treatments with the time interval of 3 weeks to 1 month. Pho-tographs were assessed 1 month after the last treatment. Results For facial skin texture, the total im-provement were scored 100 %. For hyperpigmented lesions and facial telangiectasias, the total im-provement reached to 90%. For ache vulgaris, the total improvement reached to 75 %. For hair re-moval, the total improvement was 95 %. Conclusion The IPL device is an effective and safe modality for the improvement of skin texture, hyperpigmented lesions, facial telangiectasias and hair removal, and a novel modality for the treatment of acne vulgaris.

THE HUMORAL AND CELLULAR IMMUNE RESPONSES INDUCED BY HPV18L1-E6/E7 DNA VACCINES IN MICE / 药物分析学报

Objective To construct eukaryotic expression vector of HPV18 L1- E6, E7 chimeric gene and examine the humoral and cellular immune responses induced by this DNA vaccines in mice. Methods The C-terminal of major capsid protein L1 gene and mutant zinc finger domains of early E6/7 oncogenes in HPV18 were integrated and inserted into eukaryotic expression vector pVAX1 to generate vaccines pVAX1-L1E6Mxx, E7Mxx. CHO cells were transiently transfected with the individual construct. Target protein expressions in the lysate of the transfected cells were measured by ELISA and immunocytochemistry. After BALB/c mice were vaccinated with various recombinant plasmids(pVAX1-L1-E6M3 or pVAX1-L1-E7M3) and immunie adjuvants (pLXHDmB7-2 or LTB) through different administration routes (intramuscular or intranasal) , the great cellular immune responses were produced as revealed by delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) and lymphocyte proliferation, and the expression of IL-4 and IFN- γ cells in CD4+ and CD8+subpopulations. Results The highly efficient expression of pVAX1-L1E6Mxx, E7Mxx vector in host eukaryotic cells were demonstrated both by ELISA and immunocytochemistry. The level of specific serum IgG against HPV in experiment groups mice was much higher than that of control group, and intranuscular immunization group had the highest antibody level. Intramuscular immunization groups were superior to intranasal immunization groups in DTH response, splenocyte proliferation and CD8+ IFN-γ + cells number, but CD4+ IL4+ cell number was higher in intranasal immunization groups. The immunization groups using pLXHDmB7-2 as adjuvant were superior to other groups in immunoresponse. Conclusion These DNA vaccines produce remarkable cellular and humoral immuneresponses in the mouse and may provide as prophylatic and therapeutic candidates for HPV induced cancer treatment.

Clinical observation on treatment of 52 cases of type 2 diabetes Sangjiao Decoction / 中华中医药杂志

Objective: To observe the clinical effect of Sangjiao Decoction on treatment of type 2diabetes.Methods: 103 cases of type 2 diabetes patients were divided into two groups at random.In test group,52 cases were given conventional western medical hypoglycemic treatment,alimentary control combined with Sangjiao Decoction.In control group,51 cases were given conventional western medical hypoglycemic treatment and alimentary control.The courses of treatment were both 30 days.Results: Sangjiao Decoction can improve clinical symptoms of type 2 diabetes markedly,the total effective rate of test group and control group was 63.46% and 19.61% respectively.Conclusion: Songjiao Decoction has good synergistic results in reduction of blood glucose and treatment of type 2 diabetes.