Education and risk for late life depression: a meta-analysis of published literature.

OBJECTIVE: Less education is commonly viewed as an important risk factor for late life depression. However, this has still not been confirmed. The goal of this study was to determine the relationship between education and risk for depression among the old. METHOD: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and The Cochrane Library database were used to identify potential studies. The studies were divided into cross-sectional and longitudinal subsets. The qualitative meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies and that of longitudinal studies were preformed, respectively. For prevalence and incidence rates of depression, odds risk (OR) and relative risk (RR) were calculated, respectively. RESULTS: Twenty-four cross-sectional and 12 prospective longitudinal studies were included in this review. In this meta-analysis, in the more and less education groups, there were 22,964 and 28,024 subjects and 3032 and 6462 cases of depression, respectively. The qualitative meta-analysis showed that, compared with old people with more education, those with less education had higher risk for depression (odds risk (OR): 1.58, 95% confidence intervals (95% CI): 1.38-1.82; Relative risk (RR): 1.49, 95% CI: 1.16-1.91). CONCLUSIONS: Despite the methodological limitations of this meta-analysis, less education is associated with increase risk of late life depression.

Seasonal rhythms of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) expression in growing rats after functional mandibular protrusion / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) expression during forward mandibular positioning and compare it with the expression during natural growth in different seasons.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty-four SD rats were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Each group were randomly divided into four groups according to seasons. Immunohistochemical (IHC) methods were used to test the protein expression of PTHrP. Macroscopic and microscopic approach were applied to analyze the results.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>PTHrP expressed in mandibular condylar cartilage (MCC), the expression was accelerated and enhanced when the mandible was positioned forward. Furthermore, there was a seasonal rhythm in the protein expression of PTHrP in both experimental and control groups. The protein expression in spring group rose more than other groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The functional appliance therapy can enhance the protein expression of PTHrP. The enhancement has a seasonal rhythm, which indicates that for the functional treatment better results can be achieved in spring.</p>

Diagnosis value of ultrasound of knee joint in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To evaluate the value of ultrasound (US) in assessment knee joint inflammation in patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis(JRA).Methods US scans of the knees obtained in 30 children at clinically active stage; JRA was compared with those obtained in 30 healthy children and 10 JRA patients in clinical remission.Results Changes in synovial membrane thickness and presence of fluid in suprapatellar bursa showed statistically significant differences between JRA patients with active disease and the other subjects.Alterations in contour of the articular cartilage were demonstrated in 10 knees of patients with JRA.Conclusion US is a simple sensitive and reliable methods for the assessment and monitoring of knee joint involvement in JRA.

Comparison of the yearly cycle cosine curve imitative parameters of the clinical features of liver cancer at different longitude and latitude / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore whether there exists coincidence of the most appearing time of clinical features of liver cancer at different longitude and latitude, according to the law of field equation and the theory of warpage of space time by Einstein.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Three regions with different longitude and latitude were selected randomly and sampled. There were 36 items altogether, including 12 clinical items, which were used to imitate the yearly cycle cosine curve. The acorphases and the ratioes of amplitudes and means were compared to justifying whether they were in the same range.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the acorphases of 36 items appeared between -90.1degrees to -207.5 degrees (from april to july), existing in one third of the same range, in which 13 items occurred rhythmly (P<0.05). The image acorphases of liver cancer at the early and middle stage and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase acorphase appeared between -98.5 degrees to -148.2 degrees (from april to may), in which 5 items occurred rhythmly (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It is the same mode of the yearly biologcal cycle for liver cancer malignant growth within the most appearing time (from april to july). It will increase the detecting rate of liver cancer at the early and middle stage during this time (especially from april to may).</p>

The influence on hemodynamics of myocardial ischemic dogs and blood pressure of animals with shenfu injection / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the influence of Shenfu injection on the hemodynamic indexes of myocardial ischemic dogs and blood pressure of dogs and rats.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Myocardial ischemic model was made and hypotension in the dogs was induced with ligating left front descending limb coronary artery method, and secondary hypertension by narrowing nephridium artery of rats, Shenfu injection was administered with 5, 10 mL.kg-1 to the above dogs and rats separately to investigate the influence of it on the hemodynamic indexes of myocardial ischemic dogs and blood pressure of rats.</p><p><b>RESULT AND CONCLUSION</b>Shenfu injection enhanced the capacity of myocardial work markedly; it augmented the myocardium contractility and cardiac output without raising the oxygen consume, and at the same time it returned normal the blood pressure in myocardial ischemic; but it had no effects on the normal blood pressure and secondary hypertension of rats.</p>