Nanotechnology-facilitated vaccine development during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continually poses a significant threat to the human race, and prophylactic vaccination is the most potent approach to end this pandemic. Nanotechnology is widely adopted during COVID-19 vaccine development, and the engineering of nanostructured materials such as nanoparticles has opened new possibilities in innovative vaccine development by improving the design and accelerating the development process. This review aims to comprehensively understand the current situation and prospects of nanotechnology-enabled vaccine development against the COVID-19 pandemic, with an emphasis on the interplay between nanotechnology and the host immune system.

Comprehensive Evaluation of ACE2-Fc Combination with Neutralization Antibody on Broad Protection against SARS-CoV-2 and Its Variants

Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants are threatening the efficacy of antibody therapies. Combination treatments including ACE2-Fc have been developed to overcome the evasion of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) in individual cases. Here we conducted a comprehensive evaluation of this strategy by combining ACE2-Fc with NAbs of diverse epitopes on the RBD. NAb+ACE2-Fc combinations efficiently neutralized HIV-based pseudovirus carrying the spike protein of the Delta or Omicron variants, achieving a balance between efficacy and breadth. In an antibody escape assay using replication-competent VSV-SARS-CoV-2-S, all the combinations had no escape after fifteen passages. By comparison, all the NAbs without combo with ACE2-Fc had escaped within six passages. Further, the VSV-S variants escaped from NAbs were neutralized by ACE2-Fc, revealing the mechanism of NAb+ACE2-Fc combinations survived after fifteen passages. We finally examined ACE2-Fc neutralization against pseudovirus variants that were resistant to the therapeutic antibodies currently in clinic. Our results suggest ACE2-Fc is a universal combination partner to combat SARS-CoV-2 variants including Delta and Omicron.

Mechanism of drug induced ferroptosis in the treatment of head and neck tumors / 国际肿瘤学杂志

Ferroptosis is drived by lipid reactive oxygen species, which plays an important role in the development of tumors. It has been found that a variety of clinical medicines, such as artemisinin derivatives, itraconazole, sulfasala zine, cucurbitacin B, paclitaxel, disulfiram/copper can induce ferroptosis and inhibit tumor growth in head and neck cancer (HNC) through different mechanisms. To study the regulatory mechanism of ferroptosis induced by commonly used drugs in the treatment of HNC can provide reference for the targeted treatment of ferroptosis in HNC.

Research progress of miRNAs in diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Prostate cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in adult males, and its morbidity and mortality keep growing year after year. However, the pathogenesis is not understood clearly yet. The development of prostate cancer is a synergistic, multi-gene process. MicroRNA (miRNA), as small ribonucleic acid molecules and a class of non-coding small RNAs, controls the expression of several genes and plays an important role in cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. In recent years, emerging evidence shows that the miRNAs are significantly abnormally expressed in prostate cancer and that they can target multiple signaling pathways involved in the occurrence and progression of prostate cancer, which has important value in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of prostate cancer. In this paper, the origin, formation, and biological properties of miRNAs, as well as their potential application in the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer, were reviewed with the aim of providing an in-depth understanding of prostate cancer from the perspective of molecular biology and new thinking for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Progress of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for hyper IgM syndrome / 国际儿科学杂志

Hyper immunoglobulin M syndrome(HIGM)is a group of rare primary immunodeficiency disease(PID)caused by single gene mutation.Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT)is the only treatment to cure the disease, and patients should receive allo-HSCT if possible.Younger patients who can keep in good pre-transplant state, obtain matching sibling donor and tolerate to myeloablative conditioning may get better outcome after early transplantation, and the overall survival rate can reach 80%.The progress in the timing of transplantation, donor and graft, conditioning regimen, prevention and treatment of complications of allo-HSCT for HIGM is reviewed in this paper.

Status and prospect: the diagnosis and treatment of microlesions of bladder cancer / 中华泌尿外科杂志

One of the main reasons for the high recurrence rate of bladder cancer is the missed diagnosis of tiny lesions and difficulty in their complete resection. This review focuses on summarizing the new Methods and techniques for the diagnosis and treatment of tiny lesions of bladder cancer. Based on these, the review will provide urologists with new ideas to improve the detection rate and resection rate of tiny lesions of bladder cancer, thereby effectively reducing the recurrence rate of bladder cancer.

Efficacy of first generation EGFR-TKIs and chemotherapy as first-line therapy in advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients with uncommon EGFR mutations / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective@#To investigate the clinical effects of first generation epithelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) compared with platinum-based chemotherapy as first-line therapy in advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients with uncommon EGFR mutations.@*Methods@#Clinical data of 4 276 patients diagnosed as advanced lung adenocarcinoma (ⅢB/Ⅳ) underwent EGFR gene detection at the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2012 to February 2018 were collected and 99 cases with uncommon EGFR mutations were selected. The clinical pathological features, treatment outcomes, treatment options and prognosis after first-line treatment of the 99 cases were analysed and compared with other patients with common EGFR mutations.@*Results@#The objective response rates of patients with uncommon EGFR mutations receiving EGFR-TKIs or platinum-based chemotherapy were 33.0% and 27.1%, respectively. The disease control rates were 76.5% and 87.5%, respectively. The progression-free survival (PFS) of patients treated with EGFR-TKIs was 7.2 months, significantly superior than 4.9 months of patients receiving chemotherapy (P=0.009). The overall survival of patients treated with EGFR-TKIs was 14.3 months, significantly worse than 20.7 months of patients receiving chemotherapy (P=0.034). Multivariate analysis showed that distant metastases (P=0.001) and smoking history (P=0.013) were independent prognostic factors for OS of lung adenocarcinoma patients with EGFR uncommon mutations.@*Conclusions@#Compared with chemotherapy, the usage of first generation of EGFR-TKIs as first-line therapy can improve the short-term efficacy of advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients with EGFR uncommon mutations. However, platinum-based chemotherapy shows a longer overall survival.

MicroRNA-497 suppresses renal cell carcinoma by targeting VEGFR-2 in ACHN cells.

Abnormal expression of miRNAs contributed to cancers through regulation of proliferation, apoptosis and drug resistance of cancer cells. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of miR-497 on renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and its possible mechanism. Forty paired clear cell RCC (ccRCC) tissues and adjacent normal kidney tissues were obtained from patients, who were not treated by chemotherapy or radiotherapy. RT-PCR was performed to detect expression of miR-497 in the ccRCC tissues. Effects of miR-497 on cell viability, apoptosis, migration and invasion were detected in ACHN cells. Western blotting (WB) was employed to detect the downstream targets of miR-497 We found that miR-497 in ccRCC tissues was decreased. We treated ACHN cells with miR-497 mimics and inhibitors in vitro and found that miR-497 inhibited viability, migration and invasion of ACHN cells. miR-497 promoted ACHN cells' apoptosis. VEGFR-2 was predicted as a possible target of miR-497 Luciferase reporter assay proved that miR-497 suppressed VEGFR-2 directly by binding to its 3'-UTR. Further studies showed that miR-497 influenced the MEK/ERK and p38 MAPK signalling pathways. Our findings demonstrated that miR-497 could suppress RCC by targeting VEGFR-2.

A comparative study on the forms and contents of college teachers' teaching development at home and abroad / 中华医学教育探索杂志

In the context of higher medical education reform in our country,to vigorously promote the development of teachers' teaching work can promote the improvement of teachers' teaching ability and level.This study describes the history of the development of teacher education at home and abroad,introduces the form and content of teachers' workshops,seminars,micro courses and lesson study,and compares the form and content of teacher education at home and abroad,which provides scientific reference and basis for the introduction of policies of China's education related departments and the construction of the teacher development alliance between universities and colleges.