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2.
Actas Urol Esp ; 32(9): 879-87, 2008 Oct.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19044297

RESUMO

The role and the potential benefit, if any, of pelvic lymphadenectomy in prostate cancer are still controversially discussed. It is generally accepted that PLND at time of radical prostatectomy is the only reliable diagnostic procedure to achieve as much individual histological staging information as possible to trigger postoperative adjuvant management. However, the extent of pelvic lymph node dissection (limited vs. extended) and the most suitable candidates for this procedure are still a matter of intense debate. The aim of this review is to critically evaluate the current status on lymph node dissection in prostate cancer.


Assuntos
Excisão de Linfonodo/métodos , Neoplasias da Próstata/cirurgia , Humanos , Masculino
3.
Actas urol. esp ; 32(9): 879-887, oct. 2008. tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-67812

RESUMO

El papel y el beneficio potencial de la linfadenectomía en el cáncer de próstata sigue siendo motivo de controversia. Generalmente se acepta que la linfadenectomía en el momento de realizarse la prostatectomía radical es el único procedimiento diagnóstico que nos acerca a un estadiaje anatomopatológico más preciso permitiéndonos un mejor manejo postoperatorio. Sin embargo la extensión de la disección linfática (limitada vs extensa) y los candidatos más adecuados para estos procedimientos sigue siendo motivo de intenso debate. El propósito de este artículo de revisión es una evaluación crítica del papel actual de la disección linfática en el cáncer de próstata (AU)


The role and the potential benefit, if any, of pelvic lymphadenectomy in prostate cancer are still controversially discussed. It is generally accepted that PLND at time of radical prostatectomy is the only reliable diagnostic procedure to achieve as much individual histological staging information as possible to trigger postoperative adjuvant management. However, the extent of pelvic lymph node dissection (limited vs. extended) and the most suitable candidates for this procedure are still a matter of intense debate. The aim of this review is to critically evaluate the current status on lymph node dissection in prostate cancer (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Excisão de Linfonodo/métodos , Excisão de Linfonodo/estatística & dados numéricos , Neoplasias da Próstata/epidemiologia , Linfonodos/fisiopatologia , Prostatectomia/métodos , Prostatectomia/estatística & dados numéricos , Ressecção Transuretral da Próstata/métodos , Análise de Variância , Prostatectomia/instrumentação , Ressecção Transuretral da Próstata/instrumentação , Ressecção Transuretral da Próstata/estatística & dados numéricos , Ressecção Transuretral da Próstata/tendências , Análise Multivariada
4.
Radiologia ; 50(3): 231-7, 2008.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18471388

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of non-overlapping 10-mm-thick axial maximum intensity projections (MIP) in the detection of pulmonary nodules in subjects participating in a lung cancer screening program (LCSP) using multislice computed tomography (MSCT) with a low dose of radiation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We evaluated 52 consecutive low-radiation MSCT studies in asymptomatic smokers included in an LCSP (1.25 mm axial images). Axial MIPs with 10mm slice thickness (30 images) were performed and evaluated retrospectively; readers were blind to the initial radiological report. All nodules detected were considered, regardless of their size or consistency. The standard of reference was determined by double reading and consensus for each nodule. RESULTS: A total of 162 pulmonary nodules (mean size: 3.9 mm, sd: 1.7) were detected. MIP reconstruction detected 150 nodules (S = 92.6%). The initial radiological evaluation detected 108 nodules (S = 66.7%). MIP reconstruction detected 54 (33.3%) nodules that were not reported initially (mean size: 3.4 mm; sd: 1.2) but failed to detect 12 (7.4%) of the nodules reported initially (mean size: 2.91 mm; sd: 0.8). MIP detected all 35 nodules > or = 5 mm, (S =100), whereas the initial radiological evaluation only detected 27 (S = 77%). MIP reconstruction enabled more of the nodules to be detected than the 1.25-mm conventional axial slices (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The introduction of non-overlapping 10-mm-thick axial MIP reconstructions in a low-radiation LCSP using MSCT enabled nodules more accurate and faster detection of pulmonary nodules in comparison with 1.25 mm conventional axial slices.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Estudos Retrospectivos
5.
Radiología (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 50(3): 231-237, mayo 2008. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-79010

RESUMO

Objetivo. Valorar la exactitud diagnóstica de reconstrucciones axiales no solapadas de proyección de máxima intensidad (MIP) de 10 mm de grosor, para detectar nódulos pulmonares en sujetos que participan en un programa de detección precoz de cáncer de pulmón (DPCP) por tomografía computarizada multicorte (TCMC) de baja dosis de radiación. Material y métodos. Se evaluaron 52 estudios consecutivos de TCMC de baja dosis de radiación de fumadores asintomáticos incluidos en un programa de DPCP (imágenes axiales de 1,25 mm). Se realizaron reconstrucciones MIP axiales de 10 mm de grosor de corte (30 imágenes) de forma retrospectiva que fueron interpretadas de forma independiente, sin conocer el informe radiológico inicial. Se consideraron todos los nódulos detectados independientemente de su tamaño o consistencia. Para cada nódulo el estándar de referencia fue determinado mediante doble lectura y consenso. Resultados. Se identificaron 162 nódulos pulmonares (tamaño medio: 3,9 mm, DE: 1,7). La reconstrucción MIP detectó 150 nódulos (S = 92,6%). En la valoración radiológica inicial se detectaron 108 nódulos (S = 66,7%). La reconstrucción MIP detectó 54 (33,3%) nódulos no informados inicialmente (tamaño medio: 3,4 mm; DE 1,2) y no detectó 12 (7,4%) de los nódulos descritos (tamaño medio: 2,91 mm; DE = 0,8). El MIP detectó los 35 nódulos * 5 mm, (S =100) de los cuáles solo se informaron 27 (S = 77%) en el informe radiológico inicial. La reconstrucción MIP permitió detectar con exactitud todos los nódulos * 5 mm y más nódulos pulmonares que las imágenes axiales convencionales de 1,25 mm (p < 0,01). Conclusión. La introducción de un protocolo de lectura de reconstrucciones MIP axiales no solapadas de 10 mm en un programa de DPCP por TCMC de baja dosis de radiación permite detectar nódulos con mayor exactitud y en menor tiempo que utilizando las imágenes axiales convencionales de 1,25 mm (AU)


Objective. To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of non-overlapping 10-mm-thick axial maximum intensity projections (MIP) in the detection of pulmonary nodules in subjects participating in a lung cancer screening program (LCSP) using multislice computed tomography (MSCT) with a low dose of radiation. Material and methods. We evaluated 52 consecutive low-radiation MSCT studies in asymptomatic smokers included in an LCSP (1.25 mm axial images). Axial MIPs with 10mm slice thickness (30 images) were performed and evaluated retrospectively; readers were blind to the initial radiological report. All nodules detected were considered, regardless of their size or consistency. The standard of reference was determined by double reading and consensus for each nodule. Results. A total of 162 pulmonary nodules (mean size: 3.9 mm, sd: 1.7) were detected. MIP reconstruction detected 150 nodules (S = 92.6%). The initial radiological evaluation detected 108 nodules (S = 66.7%). MIP reconstruction detected 54 (33.3%) nodules that were not reported initially (mean size: 3.4 mm; sd: 1.2) but failed to detect 12 (7.4%) of the nodules reported initially (mean size: 2.91 mm; sd: 0.8). MIP detected all 35 nodules * 5 mm, (S =100), whereas the initial radiological evaluation only detected 27 (S = 77%). MIP reconstruction enabled more of the nodules to be detected than the 1.25-mm conventional axial slices (p < 0.01). Conclusion. The introduction of non-overlapping 10-mm-thick axial MIP reconstructions in a low-radiation LCSP using MSCT enabled nodules more accurate and faster detection of pulmonary nodules in comparison with 1.25 mm conventional axial slices (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Diagnóstico Precoce , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Estudos Retrospectivos
6.
Radiologia ; 49(6): 397-405, 2007.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18021668

RESUMO

The study of congenital cardiopathies (CC) is one of the most clearly established indications of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI). Different sequences, including anatomic, functional, flow (phase contrast), and 3D angiographic sequences, enable the diagnosis, treatment planning, and follow-up of these conditions. CMRI allows the anatomy, function, and alterations of flow in these cardiopathies to be evaluated in a single examination. Three-dimensional MR angiography enables the study of the great vessels and the anomalies associated to congenital heart defects in adults. This article describes an examination protocol and provides examples of MR images of the most common CC in adults: atrial septal defect, interventricular communication, atrioventricular canal, tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of the great arteries, congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries, bicuspid aortic valve, subaortic stenosis, aortic coarctation, and Ebstein's anomaly.


Assuntos
Cardiopatias Congênitas/diagnóstico , Cardiopatias/congênito , Cardiopatias/diagnóstico , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Adulto , Humanos
7.
Actas Urol Esp ; 31(8): 895-910, 2007 Sep.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18020215

RESUMO

We present a review of the scrotal ultrasound findings showing normal anatomic variants that may simulate scrotal pathology (rete testis dilatation, normal testicle and epididymis appendages). US patterns of the scrotal pathology may be classified as: calcified (scrotal and albuginea calcifications, microcalcifications, epididymis calcifications, testicular tumors with calcium), cystic appereance (intratesticular and echogenic varicocele, epididymis cysts, albuginea cysts, haematoma, abscess), solid nodular testicular lesions (infarct, neoplasm) and diffuse lesions (orchitis, lymphoid hyperplasia lymphoma, leukemia). Testicular ultrasound may be helpful in detecting extraescrotal pathologies. There is a known relationship between right varicocele and extratesticular neoplasms. We also show some cases of Burn-out testicular tumor and their MR, CT and PET findings. The knowledge of normal US scrotal anatomy, US patterns of the scrotal lesions and scrotal findings that suggest extratesticular pathologies are crucial in the management of testicular pathology and if unnecessary orchiectomies want to be avoided.


Assuntos
Doenças dos Genitais Masculinos/diagnóstico por imagem , Escroto/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Masculino , Ultrassonografia
8.
Radiología (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 49(6): 397-405, nov. 2007.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-78993

RESUMO

Objetivo. Presentar nuestra experiencia preliminar en resonancia magnética de cuerpo entero (RMCE) en el cribado de metástasis óseas, añadiendo la secuencia de difusión de todo el cuerpo. Material y métodos. Veinticuatro pacientes con neoplasias malignas fueron estudiados con gammagrafía ósea (GO) y RM de cuerpo entero añadiendo secuencia de difusión. La RMCE se realizó con un equipo de 1.5 T en 3 estaciones en el plano coronal FSE T1 y STIR y plano sagital FSE T1 del raquis. Se añadió la secuencia de difusión (b: 600 s/mm2) de RMCE en el plano axial en 5 estaciones diferentes y presentación iconográfica en reconstrucción en el plano coronal con inversión del contraste para obtener una imagen similar a la de la tomografía por emisión de positrones (PET) (PET virtual). Los hallazgos de la GO y la RM fueron comparados para la existencia o no de metástasis óseas, valorando al paciente tanto globalmente como por regiones óseas. Las lesiones metastásicas se confirmaron por biopsia o seguimiento en 6-8 meses Resultados. Globalmente, la RMCE con difusión fue superior a la GO, sensibilidad 100% (GO 71%), especificidad 90% (GO 80%) y fiabilidad 96% (GO 75%). Valorando por regiones óseas, la RM tuvo también unos resultados superiores a la GO: sensibilidad 96% (GO 52%). En difusión las metástasis líticas fueron hiperintensas en todos los casos, con un valor ADC superior al hueso sano pero inferior a las lesiones con edema agudo de etiología benigna. La RMCE mostró, además, hallazgos extraóseos desconocidos relacionados con el tumor y en un 42% de los pacientes metástasis extraóseas. Conclusiones. La RMCE añadiendo la secuencia de difusión es un método eficaz para detectar metástasis óseas con fiabilidad superior a la gammagrafía; aportando además información sobre lesiones extraóseas. Las metástasis líticas se comportan de forma hiperintensa en difusión y tienen un valor ADC inferior al edema benigno (AU)


Objective. To present our preliminary experience in whole-body MRI with an added diffusion-weighted sequence in screening for osseous metastases. Material and methods. 24 patients with malignant neoplasms underwent bone scintigraphy and whole-body MRI with the addition of a diffusion-weighted sequence. Whole-body MRI was performed on a 1.5 T unit using a three-station protocol; coronal T1-weighted FSE and STIR sequences and sagittal T1-weighted FSE of the spine were acquired. A diffusion-weighted sequence (b: 600 s/mm2) was added in the axial plane at five different stations and iconographic presentation in coronal-plane reconstructions with contrast inversion was used to obtain an image similar to that provided by PET (virtual PET). The findings at bone scintigraphy (BS) and MRI were compared for the presence of osseous metastases, evaluating the results for each patient both globally and for different osseous regions. Metastatic lesions were confirmed by biopsy or by six to eight months' follow-up. Results. Globally, whole-body MRI with diffusion-weighted sequences was superior to bone scintigraphy, with a sensitivity of 100% (BS 71%), specificity 90% (BS 80%), and reliability 96% (BS 75%). In the evaluation by osseous region, the results of MRI were also better than those of bone scintigraphy: sensitivity 96% (BS 52%). In the diffusion-weighted sequence, lytic metastases were hyperintense in all cases, with an apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value higher than normal bone but lower than lesions with acute edema of benign etiology. Whole-body MRI also revealed unknown extraosseous findings related to the tumors and extraosseous metastases in 42% of the patients. Conclusions. Whole-body MRI with an added diffusion-weighted sequence is an efficacious method of detecting osseous metastases and is more reliable than bone scintigraphy. Moreover, whole-body MRI provides information about extraosseous lesions. Lytic metastases are hyperintense in diffusion-weighted sequences and have a lower ADC than benign edema (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Protocolos Clínicos , Cardiopatias Congênitas , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/tendências , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Tetralogia de Fallot , Estenose da Valva Aórtica , Constrição Patológica , Estenose Coronária , Anomalia de Ebstein
10.
Actas urol. esp ; 31(8): 895-910, sept. 2007. ilus
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-056341

RESUMO

En este trabajo presentamos una revisión de los hallazgos de la ecografía escrotal mostrando variantes anatómicas escrotales (dilatación de la rete testis, apéndices testiculares y epididimarios) que simulan enfermedad. Revisamos la patología escrotal agrupada semiológicamente incluyendo lesiones con calcio (escrotolitos, calcificación de la albugínea, microlitiasis testicular, calcificaciones epididimarias, neoplasias testiculares con calcificaciones), lesiones con contenido líquido (quistes de epidídimo, de la albugínea, testiculares, varicocele intratesticular, abscesos y hematomas testiculares, varicocele extratesticular con contenido ecogénico), lesiones nodulares sólidas de testículo (infartos y neoplasias) y lesiones difusas del testículo (linfoma, leucemia, hiperplasia linfoide, orquitis). Otra de las utilidades de la ecografía escrotal es considerar determinados hallazgos escrotales como marcadores de patología extraescrotal. Mostramos la asociación de neoplasias extraescrotales con varicocele derecho y varios casos de “Burn-out tumor” con neoplasia testicular “in situ” y sus hallazgos de RM, TC y PET. Se concluye que el conocimiento de la anatomía normal ecográfica, de los diferentes patrones de presentación de las lesiones y de los hallazgos escrotales que indican patología extratesticular ayudan en el manejo de los pacientes y pueden evitar cirugías innecesarias


We present a review of the scrotal ultrasound findings showing normal anatomic variants that may simulate scrotal pathology (rete testis dilatation, normal testicle and epididymis appendages). US patterns of the scrotal pathology may be classified as: calcified (scrotal and albuginea calcifications, microcalcifications, epididymis calcifications, testicular tumors with calcium), cystic appereance (intratesticular and echogenic varicocele, epididymis cysts, albuginea cysts, haematoma, abscess), solid nodular testicular lesions (infarct, neoplasm) and diffuse lesions (orchitis, lymphoid hyperplasia lymphoma, leukemia). Testicular ultrasound may be helpful in detecting extraescrotal pathologies. There is a known relationship between right varicocele and extratesticular neoplasms. We also show some cases of Burn-out testicular tumor and their MR, CT and PET findings. The knowledge of normal US scrotal anatomy, US patterns of the scrotal lesions and scrotal findings that suggest extratesticular pathologies are crucial in the management of testicular pathology and if unnecessary orchiectomies want to be avoided


Assuntos
Masculino , Humanos , Escroto/cirurgia , Escroto , Hiperplasia do Linfonodo Gigante/complicações , Calcinose/complicações , Calcinose/diagnóstico , Varicocele/complicações , Hidrocele Testicular/complicações , Hidrocele Testicular/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Testiculares/complicações , Neoplasias Testiculares/diagnóstico , Escroto/patologia , Hiperplasia/complicações , Hiperplasia/diagnóstico , Cálculos Ureterais/complicações , Cálculos Ureterais/diagnóstico , Cálculos Ureterais/cirurgia , Litíase/complicações
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