Development of Edible Coatings Based on Pineapple Peel (Ananas Comosus L.) and Yam Starch (Dioscorea alata) for Application in Acerola (Malpighia emarginata DC).

Acerola fruit has great nutritional and economic relevance; however, its rapid degradation hinders commercialization. The use of coatings reduces post-harvest biochemical modifications and provides physical and biological protection for vegetables such as acerola. This study developed and characterized an edible coating made from pearl pineapple peel flour (PPPF) and yam starch (YS) to preserve the quality standards of acerola fruits during storage at room temperature and under refrigeration. The edible coating, composed of 4 g of PPPF, 3 g of starch, and 10% glycerol, presented excellent moisture content (11%), light tone (L* 83.68), and opacity (45%), resistance to traction of 27.77 Mpa, elastic modulus of 1.38 Mpa, and elongation percentage of 20%. The total phenolic content of the coating was 278.68 ± 0.45 mg GAE/g and the antioxidant activity by DPPH was 28.85 ± 0.27%. The quality parameters of acerolas were evaluated with three treatments: T1-uncoated fruits; T2-fruits coated with 1% glycerol; and T3-fruits coated with PPPF-YS. The T3 treatment reduced the weight loss of stored acerolas, maintaining the light and bright color of the fruits, and delayed the decrease in soluble solids, especially in refrigerated fruits. Therefore, edible coatings based on pineapple flour and yam starch are effective technologies for controlling the physical and physicochemical parameters of acerolas during storage, benefiting the post-harvest quality of this fruit.

Arabinan-rich pectic polysaccharide fraction from Malpighia emarginata fruits alleviates inflammatory pain in mice.

Malpighia emarginata (Malpighiaceae), popularly known as "acerola", is a tropical and subtropical fruit native to the Americas. Despite its high vitamin C content, which gives it a high antioxidant property, soluble dietary fibers, such as polysaccharides, are also abundant constituents of acerola (10% of the dried fruit). The acerola cold-water soluble (ACWS) fraction presented anti-fatigue and antioxidant effects in vivo and in vitro. To infer further systemic effects of ACWS, this study aimed to investigate the antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects of ACWS in murine models of pain. In formalin-induced nociception, ACWS (0.1, 1, and 10 mg/kg) reduced only the inflammatory phase, and also (10 and 30 mg/kg) attenuated the acetic acid-induced writhing and leukocyte migration in the peritoneal cavity. The mechanical allodynia and paw edema induced by intraplantar injection of carrageenan were greatly reduced by ACWS (10 mg/kg). At the inflammatory pick induced by carrageenan (4 h), ACWS significantly reduced myeloperoxidase activity, TNF-α, IL-1ß, and PGE2 levels, and restored IL-10 levels. ACWS also exhibited antioxidant properties by decreasing lipid hydroperoxides content, increasing GSH levels, and restoring superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in the carrageenan model and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay. Collectively, these results support the antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects of ACWS and reveal a promising candidate for the treatment of inflammatory pain conditions.

An opportunity for acerola pulp (Malpighia emarginata DC) valorization evaluating its performance during the block cryoconcentration by physicochemical, bioactive compounds, HPLC-ESI-MS/MS, and multi-elemental profile analysis.

The present study evaluated the effect of cryoconcentration of pulp blocks of acerola (Malpighia emarginata DC). The study evaluated cryoconcentration in three stages. The cryoconcentrated samples, the ice fractions, and the initial pulp were evaluated for physicochemical composition, bioactive composition, and multielement profile. The cryoconcentrated sample obtained in the third stage of cryoconcentration showed the best results for the concentration factor, process efficiency, total soluble solids content, red color intensity, and increasing of the macro and micronutrients: Cu, Ca, S, Sr, K, Mn, Na, P, Mg, Fe. All stages presented good performance in the total soluble solids content, increase in the titratable acidity of the concentrates, and progressive increase in the intensity of the red color. Generally, higher levels of total phenolic and antioxidant activity were found for the 2nd and 3rd concentrates. The phenolic activity showed an increase of 166.90% in the 3rd stage concentrate compared to fresh pulp, and the antioxidant activity was 112.10% by the ABTS method and 131.60% by the DPPH method, both in the 3rd stage concentrate. The major individual polyphenols were Ferulic acid, Protocatechuic acid, and Taxifolin, with significant increases in the concentration of the compounds in the 2nd and 3rd stage concentrates. In addition, the contents of potentially toxic metals were below detection limits. During the cryoconcentration process, there was a decrease in the values ​​of vitamin C content, moisture content, density, and elements Cu, Sr, and Zn.

Plasticizer concentration effect on films and coatings based on poly(vinyl alcohol) and cationic starch blends.

Films based on poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and cationic starch (CS) were combined with different percentages of sorbitol (S; 15.0, 22.5, and 30.0% w v-1) to assess the effect of plasticizer on the films. Spectroscopic analyses confirmed the interaction between them. However, micrographs indicated the formation of sorbitol crystals on the surface of the films, especially at higher sorbitol concentrations. The blends presented low water vapor transmission rate values, reaching (7.703 ± 0.000) g h-1 m-2 (PVA75CS25S15), and low solubility values for the films containing higher CS amounts. The lack of statistical differences in most parameters suggests that no significant gain comes from increasing the amount of sorbitol at percentages higher than 15%. As a coating, the blend PVA75CS25S15 successfully decreased the loss of moisture content in acerolas by 1.15 times (compared to the control), confirming the suitability of this matrix as a fruit coating.

Dietary Fruit By-Products Improve the Physiological Status of Nile Tilapias (Oreochromis niloticus) and the Quality of Their Meat.

By-products from fruit industrialization retain nutritional and functional components; thus, they may find use in animal feeding. This study aimed to assess the effects of dietary fruit industrial by-products on the tilapias blood biochemical and oxidative parameters and on the composition and lipid peroxidation of their fillets. Four diets were supplied to the tilapias: a C-control diet, with no fruit meal, and three diets containing 5% of either acerola (ACM), apple (APM) or grape (GRM) meal. The phenolic compounds and the carotenoids in the meals and their antioxidant capacities were measured. Fish were weighed and measured for the calculation of the growth performance data, their blood was analyzed for health and oxidative status biomarkers and their fillets were analyzed for proximal composition and lipid peroxidation. Grape meal had the highest concentration of phenolics and carotenoids and the highest antioxidant activity, followed by acerola and apple meals. The productive performance was similar among the treatments. The fruit by-product diets either maintained or improved the biochemical biomarkers of health and improved the oxidative status of the fish. The fruit by-product diets increased the concentration of lipids in the fillets and slowed down the onset of the lipid peroxidation during frozen storage.

Bioactive compounds from acerola pomace: A review.

Acerola is a tropical fruit rich in vitamins, carotenoids, anthocyanins, and bioactive compounds such as ascorbic acid. The production of this fruit has increased over the last few years due to its physiochemical, organoleptic, and nutritional qualities, and has gained importance in the food, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries. The change in the current world scenario, with focus on sustainable development and sustainable use of resources, has powered the search for new techniques that reduce the impact caused on the environment and promote efficient use of resources. In addition, several studies have proven that the by-products of fruit and vegetable processing contain highly nutritious components. Therefore, the objective of this review is to provide information regarding recent studies related to the use and application of the by-products obtained from acerola processing.

Proportions of sewage sludge in the production and quality of Malpighia emarginata DC. seedlings / Proporções de lodo de esgoto na produção e qualidade de mudas de Malpighia emarginata DC

Abstract Sewage sludge (SS) has nutritional contents and has been implemented in the cultivation of seedlings. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of Malpighia emarginata DC. seedlings produced in different substrates with SS. Treatments were implemented with the addition of SS, and after 180 days seedling the characteristics were measured: aerial part and root system length, stem base diameter, number of leaves, fresh and dry mass of aerial part and root, and total biomass. The Dickson Quality Index (DQI) was calculated and the macro and micronutrient content of the aerial part and root. The accumulation of macronutrients in the root system followed the order of N>K>P>Ca>Mg>S, and aerial part of N>Ca>K>P>Mg>S, in the two vegetative structures N and S were in lower concentration. For micronutrients, the accumulation in the root system occurred with Fe>Zn>Mn>Cu>B, and aerial part with Fe>Mn>Zn>B>Cu. It was noted that in the two vegetative structures the Fe content was more concentrated. The use of SS in the substrate formulation proved effective in obtaining viable seedlings for field planting, being recommended the treatment with 60% SS + 40% organic compost.

Resumo O lodo de esgoto (LE) possui teor nutricional e tem sido aplicado no cultivo de mudas. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a qualidade de mudas de Malpighia emarginata DC. produzidas em diferentes substratos com LE. Os tratamentos foram implantados com adição de LE, e após 180 dias de semeadura as seguintes características das mudas foram avaliadas: comprimento da parte aérea e do sistema radicular, diâmetro da base do caule, número de folhas, massa fresca e seca da parte aérea e da raiz, biomassa total. O Índice de Qualidade de Dickson (IQD) foi calculado junto aos teores de macro e micronutrientes da parte aérea e da raiz. O acúmulo de macronutrientes no sistema radicular seguiu a ordem de N>K>P>Ca>Mg>S, e parte aérea N>Ca>K>P>Mg>S, nas duas estruturas vegetativas N e S estiveram em menor concentração. Para os micronutrientes, o acúmulo no sistema radicular ocorreu Fe>Zn>Mn>Cu>B, e na parte aérea Fe>Mn>Zn>B>Cu. Observou-se que nas duas estruturas vegetativas o teor de Fe foi mais concentrado. A utilização de LE na formulação do substrato mostrou-se eficaz na obtenção de mudas viáveis para o plantio em campo, sendo recomendado o tratamento com 60% de LE + 40% de composto orgânico.

Desenvolvimento de geléia de frutas para uso em queijo tipo coalho trufado / Fruit jelly development for use in cheese type coalho truffle

O trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de desenvolver geleias de jenipapo e acerola, produzidas com 0,5 e 1,0% de pectina metoxilada, para recheio de queijo tipo coalho trufado. Foram avaliadas as características físico químicas, como pH, acidez total titulável, sólidos solúveis totais, umidade, cinzas e, ácido ascórbico. Após confecção dos queijos estes foram submetidos à análise sensorial através da aparência, cor, sabor e textura, bem como intenção de compra. A metodologia abordada para demonstração dos dados foi a estatística descritiva. O uso de geleias para recheio de queijo tipo coalho trufado tem potencial para exploração comercial, visto a manutenção das características organolépticas e de aceitabilidade pelo consumidor, sendo que o uso do queijo trufado com geleia de acerola demonstrou maior potencial de vida de prateleira.(AU)

Characterization of acerola (Malpighia emarginata) industrial waste as raw material for thermochemical processes.

Brazil stands out as one of the largest world powers in the agribusiness sector, and with the increase of production capacity, an enormous amount of waste is generated that cause serious environmental problems. Acerola is evidenced as one of the fruits of growing and important commercialization, contributing significantly to regional development through the export of concentrated powder product. Thus, in order to minimize the environmental impacts generated by the local fruit processing industry, the proximate analysis of its residue after drying in a convective oven at temperatures of 50, 75 and 100 °C was carried out in this work, aiming at the reuse of this residue for thermochemical processes. Moisture, ash, volatile matter (VM), and fixed carbon (FC) content were analyzed, as well as characterizations, such as infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), elemental analysis (CHNO), calorific value (HHV) and thermogravimetry (TG/DTG). The results showed a significant difference in the moisture contents, VM, FC and elemental carbon for the dry residue at 50 °C compared to the temperatures of 75 and 100 °C, while for the ash content there was no significant difference between the temperatures. The dry acerola residue at the three temperatures studied presented adequate properties for thermochemical application, with lignocellulosic compounds that can be converted by thermochemical route, good levels of calorific power, low moisture and ash content, associated with high amount of volatile matter.

Estaquia de clones de aceroleira em substrato comercial e areia / Scion of clays of acerola in commercial substrate and sand

O domínio do método de propagação é fundamental, tanto para o profissional que trabalha com o melhoramento genético, como para o produtor e a indústria, por assegurar a formação de plantios uniformes de aceroleira e de qualidade. Com isso objetivou-se avaliar a propagação clones de aceroleira por estaquia utilizando substratos de areia e substrato comercial Carolina® no município de Adamantina, SP. O experimento foi instalado no viveiro experimental da APTA Regional Alta Paulista em Adamantina-SP. Os tratamentos foram cinco clones de aceroleira: 1-Olivier, 2-Frutacor (BRS 238), 3-Cereja (BRS 236), 4-Mirandópolis e 5-Okinawa, sendo acondicionados em dois tipos de substratos: areia lavada e substrato comercial Carolina®. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado e esquema fatorial com 5 clones e 2 substratos, totalizando 10 tratamentos e 4 repetições. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância pelo teste de F, e as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Não se recomenda a propagação por estaquia para o clone Okinawa. Além da areia, o substrato Carolina® pode ser utilizado para propagação de aceroleira através do método da estaquia.(AU)

The mastery of the propagation method is fundamental for both professionals working with genetic improvement, as well as for the producer and industry, to ensure the formation of uniform and quality plantations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the propagation of acerola tree clones by cutting using sand substrates and Carolina® commercial substrate in the municipality of Adamantina, SP. The experiment was installed in Regional Research Alta Paulista Pole-Regional APTA experimental nursery in Adamantina-SP. The treatments were five clones of acerola tree: 1-Olivier, 2-Frutacor (BRS 238), 3-Cherry (BRS 236), 4-Mirandópolis and 5-Okinawa, being packaged in two types of substrates: washed sand and commercial substrate Carolina®. The design was completely randomized and a factorial scheme with 5 clones and 2 substrates, totaling 10 treatments and 4 replicates. The data were submitted to analysis of variance by the F test, and the means were compared by the Tukey test at 5% probability. The propagation by cutting is not recommended for Okinawa clone. In addition to the sand, the Carolina® substrate can be used for propagation of acerola by cutting method.(AU)

Estaquia de clones de aceroleira em substrato comercial e areia / Scion of clays of acerola in commercial substrate and sand

O domínio do método de propagação é fundamental, tanto para o profissional que trabalha com o melhoramento genético, como para o produtor e a indústria, por assegurar a formação de plantios uniformes de aceroleira e de qualidade. Com isso objetivou-se avaliar a propagação clones de aceroleira por estaquia utilizando substratos de areia e substrato comercial Carolina® no município de Adamantina, SP. O experimento foi instalado no viveiro experimental da APTA Regional Alta Paulista em Adamantina-SP. Os tratamentos foram cinco clones de aceroleira: 1-Olivier, 2-Frutacor (BRS 238), 3-Cereja (BRS 236), 4-Mirandópolis e 5-Okinawa, sendo acondicionados em dois tipos de substratos: areia lavada e substrato comercial Carolina®. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado e esquema fatorial com 5 clones e 2 substratos, totalizando 10 tratamentos e 4 repetições. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância pelo teste de F, e as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Não se recomenda a propagação por estaquia para o clone Okinawa. Além da areia, o substrato Carolina® pode ser utilizado para propagação de aceroleira através do método da estaquia.

The mastery of the propagation method is fundamental for both professionals working with genetic improvement, as well as for the producer and industry, to ensure the formation of uniform and quality plantations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the propagation of acerola tree clones by cutting using sand substrates and Carolina® commercial substrate in the municipality of Adamantina, SP. The experiment was installed in Regional Research Alta Paulista Pole-Regional APTA experimental nursery in Adamantina-SP. The treatments were five clones of acerola tree: 1-Olivier, 2-Frutacor (BRS 238), 3-Cherry (BRS 236), 4-Mirandópolis and 5-Okinawa, being packaged in two types of substrates: washed sand and commercial substrate Carolina®. The design was completely randomized and a factorial scheme with 5 clones and 2 substrates, totaling 10 treatments and 4 replicates. The data were submitted to analysis of variance by the F test, and the means were compared by the Tukey test at 5% probability. The propagation by cutting is not recommended for Okinawa clone. In addition to the sand, the Carolina® substrate can be used for propagation of acerola by cutting method.

Identification and evaluation of reference genes for reliable normalization of real-time quantitative PCR data in acerola fruit, leaf, and flower.

Understanding into acerola (Malpighia emarginata) molecular and biochemical bases is still obscure, despite it is one of the most important natural source of vitamin C for humans. Recently, our research group published the first data on acerola transcriptome generating valuable information to identify reference genes for RT-qPCR in this species. Hence, this study aimed to identify the most stably expressed genes based on acerola transcriptome data, and further to evaluate the suitability of F-box, U3, Merad50-ATPase, TGD4, NOB1, PA-RNA, RCC1, RBL and PGAL candidates for accurate gene expression normalization in leaf, flower and fruit at 12, 16 and 20 days after anthesis using RT-qPCR analysis. Three algorithms, geNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper confirmed the expression stability of all nine candidate reference genes, whereas RefFinder consensually summarized a comprehensive gene ranking. Based on geNorm, the combination of the most stable reference genes RBL and U3 for leaf/flower group, TGD4, F-box and PGAL (fruit developmental stages or fruit/leaf), RCC1, PGAL and RBL (fruit/flower) and RCC1, RBL, TGD4 and PGAL (total samples) were required for accurate normalization. Moreover, the use of these reference genes to assess the expression profile of GMP1 and NAT3 genes confirmed the reliability of ranking and defined the best combination of genes recommended by geNorm and RefFinder. This work will benefit further RT-qPCR studies in these acerola organs by offering a foundation for accurate normalization of gene expression profiling.

Impact of Acerola (Malpighia emarginata DC) Byproduct and Probiotic Strains on Technological and Sensory Features of Fermented Soy Beverages.

Ten probiotic cultures were screened for the ability to hydrolyze soy proteins and bile salt deconjugation (BSD) to select one lactobacilli and one bifidobacteria strain to produce fermented soy beverages (FSBs) containing acerola byproduct (ABP). Next, the effect of the strains and the ABP on the technological and sensory characteristics of these beverages was evaluated during refrigerated storage for up to 28 days. None of the tested strains presented any proteolytic activity against soy proteins. Among the probiotic strains, the best BSD activities were observed for Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 and Bifidobacterium longum BB-46, which were further employed, individually or combined, to produce FSB supplemented or not with ABP, using Streptococcus thermophilus TH-4 as a starter, and the effect of these strains and ABP on the technological and sensory acceptability of FSB was evaluated. The probiotic strains did not influence FBS texture parameters, but ABP increased firmness in the ready product. BB-46 increased acidity, therefore decreasing acceptance, whereas the presence of LA-5 and/or ABP increased acceptance, even though the appearance was negatively affected by ABP after 21 days of storage. Thus, the presence of LA-5 and ABP contributed for the sensory acceptance of the FSBs without affecting their technological features. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5, Bifidobacterium longum BB-46, and/or acerola byproduct (ABP) were applied in the production of fermented soy beverages (FSBs). Principal components analysis was used to evaluate the formulations of the 23 factorial design and the sensory attributes and the effect of storage independently and covariance was the matrix type used for mapping purposes. LA-5 and ABP contributed for the sensory acceptance of FSB, without affecting their technological features, and could be used by food processing companies after scaling up, also reducing the environmental impact by decreasing discarding byproducts, which are sources of bioactive compounds.

Digestibilidade, comportamento ingestivo e desempenho de ovinos alimentados com resíduos de agroindústrias processadoras de frutas / Digestibility, intake behavior, and performance of sheep fed residues from fruit processing agro-industries

Objetivou-se avaliar o consumo, a digestibilidade e o desempenho de ovinos, arraçoados com dietas isoproteicas, contendo 75% de resíduos da agroindústria frutífera (abacaxi, acerola, maracujá e cupuaçu), uma dieta com feno de tifton e 25% de concentrado, em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso. A participação do resíduo de maracujá na dieta proporcionou os maiores níveis de consumo de matéria seca (1170,6g d-1) em relação aos resíduos de abacaxi (693,8g d-1), acerola (644,2g d-1), cupuaçu (452,9g d-1) e feno de tifton (962,7g d-1), o que se relaciona aos seus níveis de digestibilidade (77,8; 63,1; 59,1; 61,7 e 71,8%, respectivamente). Tal resultado gerou diferenças significativas, destacando-se o resíduo de maracujá quanto à conversão alimentar (8,3), e o ganho médio diário de peso (141,5g d-1). Apesar de ter tido a mesma conversão observada para o feno de tifton (13,2), apresentou maior ganho médio diário (75,6g d-1). Os demais resíduos apresentaram efeitos sobrepostos, contudo o resíduo de acerola ficou com a pior conversão (51,4) e o menor ganho médio diário (15,6g d-1), sendo esse sem diferença em relação ao cupuaçu (23,0g d-1). Os resíduos podem ser utilizados como alternativa para a alimentação de ovinos.(AU)

The objective was to evaluate the consumption, digestibility and performance of the sheep with iso protein diets, with 75% of residues from fruit agro-industries (pineapple, acerola, passion fruit, and cupuassu) and a diet with tifton hay, and 25% of concentrate, in a totally randomized design. The participation of passion fruit residue on the diet provided the highest consumption levels of dry matter (1170.6g d -1 ) compared with the residues of pineapple (693.8g d -1 ), acerola (644.2g d -1 ), cupuassu (452.9g d -1 ) and tifton hay (962.7g d -1 ), which is related to their levels of digestibility (77.85, 63.14, 59.07, 61.68 and 71.83%, respectively). Such a result generated significant differences with emphasis on passion fruit residue regarding food inversion (8.30) and average daily weight gain (141.50g d -1 ), in spite of having the same conversion detected for tifton hay (13.2), it showed a higher average daily gain (75.6g d -1 ). The other residues showed overlapping effects, however, acerola residue showed the worst conversion level (51.4) and the lowest average daily gain (15.6g d -1 ), and this one showed no difference compared with cupuassu (23.0g d -1 ). The residues can be used as an alternative for sheep feeding.(AU)

Digestibilidade, comportamento ingestivo e desempenho de ovinos alimentados com resíduos de agroindústrias processadoras de frutas / Digestibility, intake behavior, and performance of sheep fed residues from fruit processing agro-industries

Objetivou-se avaliar o consumo, a digestibilidade e o desempenho de ovinos, arraçoados com dietas isoproteicas, contendo 75% de resíduos da agroindústria frutífera (abacaxi, acerola, maracujá e cupuaçu), uma dieta com feno de tifton e 25% de concentrado, em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso. A participação do resíduo de maracujá na dieta proporcionou os maiores níveis de consumo de matéria seca (1170,6g d-1) em relação aos resíduos de abacaxi (693,8g d-1), acerola (644,2g d-1), cupuaçu (452,9g d-1) e feno de tifton (962,7g d-1), o que se relaciona aos seus níveis de digestibilidade (77,8; 63,1; 59,1; 61,7 e 71,8%, respectivamente). Tal resultado gerou diferenças significativas, destacando-se o resíduo de maracujá quanto à conversão alimentar (8,3), e o ganho médio diário de peso (141,5g d-1). Apesar de ter tido a mesma conversão observada para o feno de tifton (13,2), apresentou maior ganho médio diário (75,6g d-1). Os demais resíduos apresentaram efeitos sobrepostos, contudo o resíduo de acerola ficou com a pior conversão (51,4) e o menor ganho médio diário (15,6g d-1), sendo esse sem diferença em relação ao cupuaçu (23,0g d-1). Os resíduos podem ser utilizados como alternativa para a alimentação de ovinos.(AU)

The objective was to evaluate the consumption, digestibility and performance of the sheep with iso protein diets, with 75% of residues from fruit agro-industries (pineapple, acerola, passion fruit, and cupuassu) and a diet with tifton hay, and 25% of concentrate, in a totally randomized design. The participation of passion fruit residue on the diet provided the highest consumption levels of dry matter (1170.6g d -1 ) compared with the residues of pineapple (693.8g d -1 ), acerola (644.2g d -1 ), cupuassu (452.9g d -1 ) and tifton hay (962.7g d -1 ), which is related to their levels of digestibility (77.85, 63.14, 59.07, 61.68 and 71.83%, respectively). Such a result generated significant differences with emphasis on passion fruit residue regarding food inversion (8.30) and average daily weight gain (141.50g d -1 ), in spite of having the same conversion detected for tifton hay (13.2), it showed a higher average daily gain (75.6g d -1 ). The other residues showed overlapping effects, however, acerola residue showed the worst conversion level (51.4) and the lowest average daily gain (15.6g d -1 ), and this one showed no difference compared with cupuassu (23.0g d -1 ). The residues can be used as an alternative for sheep feeding.(AU)

Efeito do processo de branqueamento a vapor e por imersão sobre o teor total de carotenoides presentes na acerola (Malpighia emarginata D. C. ) / Effect of vapor and immersion bleaching on the total content of carotenoids presents in acerola (Malpighia emarginata D. C. )

A acerola é rica em compostos bioativos dentre eles os carotenoides e o branqueamento é um pré-tratamento que pode vir ajudar na conservação. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o branqueamento a vapor e por imersão, a fim de avaliar qual o melhor tratamento na preservação dos carotenoides da acerola. Foi utilizado um planejamento experimental utilizando dois níveis de tempo e temperatura. O teor total de carotenoides obtido no tratamento por imersão degradou 44% desses pigmentos, enquanto que o processo à vapor degradou apenas 30%. Menores valores de tempo e temperatura, em ambos tratamentos conseguiram preservar maiores quantidades dos compostos bioativos, entretanto, o método de branqueamento a vapor, foi mais eficiente para preservação dos carotenoides totais.

Influência da temperatura de entrada de secagem e concentração de maltodextrina sobre as propriedades físico-química de polpa de acerola em pó / Influence of drying entry temperature and maltodextrin concentration on the physical-chemical properties of powdered powder

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a influência da concentração da maltodextrina e da temperatura de entrada de secagem sob as características físico-químicas de polpa de acerola em pó. As acerolas maduras foram selecionadas, lavadas, sanitizadas, enxaguadas e despolpada. As polpas foram divididas em quatro tratamentos, utilizando-se duas concentrações de maltodextrina (14 e 26%) que foram atomizadas em spray dryer em duas temperaturas (128 e 152°C). A polpa em pó e in natura foram analisadas quanto a umidade, SST, ATT, pH e carotenoides. De acordo com os resultados obtidos foi possível verificar que os teores de umidade foram influenciados pela temperatura e concentração de maltodextrina. A acidez da polpa em pó diminui com o aumento da do agente carreador. O teor de carotenoides não apresentou diferença significativa entre os tratamentos estudados. Para o processo de atomização da acerola por spray dryer indica-se o uso de maltodextrina a 26% independente da temperatura.(AU)

Influência da temperatura de entrada de secagem e concentração de maltodextrina sobre as propriedades físico-química de polpa de acerola em pó / Influence of drying entry temperature and maltodextrin concentration on the physical-chemical properties of powdered powder

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a influência da concentração da maltodextrina e da temperatura de entrada de secagem sob as características físico-químicas de polpa de acerola em pó. As acerolas maduras foram selecionadas, lavadas, sanitizadas, enxaguadas e despolpada. As polpas foram divididas em quatro tratamentos, utilizando-se duas concentrações de maltodextrina (14 e 26%) que foram atomizadas em spray dryer em duas temperaturas (128 e 152°C). A polpa em pó e in natura foram analisadas quanto a umidade, SST, ATT, pH e carotenoides. De acordo com os resultados obtidos foi possível verificar que os teores de umidade foram influenciados pela temperatura e concentração de maltodextrina. A acidez da polpa em pó diminui com o aumento da do agente carreador. O teor de carotenoides não apresentou diferença significativa entre os tratamentos estudados. Para o processo de atomização da acerola por spray dryer indica-se o uso de maltodextrina a 26% independente da temperatura.

Desenvolvimento de geléia de frutas para uso em queijo tipo coalho trufado / Fruit jelly development for use in cheese type coalho truffle

O trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de desenvolver geleias de jenipapo e acerola, produzidas com 0,5 e 1,0% de pectina metoxilada, para recheio de queijo tipo coalho trufado. Foram avaliadas as características físico químicas, como pH, acidez total titulável, sólidos solúveis totais, umidade, cinzas e, ácido ascórbico. Após confecção dos queijos estes foram submetidos à análise sensorial através da aparência, cor, sabor e textura, bem como intenção de compra. A metodologia abordada para demonstração dos dados foi a estatística descritiva. O uso de geleias para recheio de queijo tipo coalho trufado tem potencial para exploração comercial, visto a manutenção das características organolépticas e de aceitabilidade pelo consumidor, sendo que o uso do queijo trufado com geleia de acerola demonstrou maior potencial de vida de prateleira.

Effects of glow plasma technology on some bioactive compounds of acerola juice.

This work examines the influence of glow plasma technology on vitamins, carotenoids, phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, and color of acerola juice. The effects of nitrogen plasma treatment were observed at different operation conditions: flowrates (from 10 to 20 mL/min) and processing times (5 to 15 min). The study explored the suitability of glow plasma on 40 mL samples, which is considered a large sample of current plasma technology studies. Nitrogen glow plasma increased the content of vitamin A and carotenoids in acerola juice under specific processing conditions. The highest increase of vitamin A and carotenoids was found at gas flow rate of 10 mL/min and 10 min of treatment time. The effect of glow plasma on vitamin C (main vitamin in acerola juice) was not significant, maintaining the retention of vitamin C above 95% under all operating conditions that were studied. The phenolics content reduced by 30% due to reaction with reactive nitrogen species when the juice was treated at the most severe condition (gas flow rate of 20 mL/min and 15 min of treatment time). The antioxidant capacity was little affected by the reactive nitrogen species formed by N2 glow plasma, which remained relatively constant at high plasma flow rate (20 mL/min) but reduced when lower gas flow rates were used (10 mL/min). The typical orange color of the juice improved due to the increase in free carotenoid content. In summary, this study showed that the operating conditions of glow plasma treatment could be adjusted to have a positive influence on vitamin A, carotenoids and color of acerola juice.