Energy and nutritional inadequacies in a group of recreational adult Spanish climbers / Deficiencias energéticas y nutricionales en un grupo de escaladores recreacionales españoles adultos

Introduction: Although nutrition is determinant in the performance of athletes, few publications on this topic are availablefor climbers.Objectives: To measure body composition and dietary intake in a group of recreational Spanish climbers. Material and method: For body composition data we performed the measurements included in the ISAK anthropometricrestricted- profile. Daily dietary intake was self-recorded on 3 days of the week: a non-climbing day, a climbing-gym trainingday and a rock- climbing day. Results were compared to Spanish nutritional recommendations.Results: 61 climbers (44 men, 17 women), aged 34 ± 8 years, volunteered. Body fat % was 8.1 ± 1.5% in men and 15.7 ± 3.0%in women. A negative correlation was found between body fat % and climbing ability (P<0.0005). Intake of energy and car-bohydrates was 40% below estimated targets and that of proteins was 20-25% below. Moreover, macronutrient contributionto energy was unbalanced (protein: fat: CHO: alcohol was 17: 38: 42: 3%). We observed an elevated intake of SFA and sugarsand low consumption of MUFA and fiber. Micronutrient intakes were acceptable except for iodine, zinc and vitamin D in bothgenders and iron and folate in women. Mean Adequacy Ratio of diet was higher in advanced/elite climbers compared withthose in the intermediate level showing a possible relationship between climbing ability and diet quality. Conclusions: This study evidences there is a need of nutritional recommendations targeted to climbers. Our findings cancontribute to the design of evidence-based food guides to help climbers optimise health and performance outcomes.(AU)

Introducción: Existen pocos estudios sobre la relación entre dieta y rendimiento en escaladores.Objetivos: Averiguar la composición corporal y la dieta en un grupo de escaladores recreativos.Material y método: Se midió el perfil antropométrico restringido ISAK. La ingesta fue autoregistrada en un día sin escalada,un día de entrenamiento en el rocódromo y un día de escalada en roca. Los resultados se compararon con las recomenda-ciones nutricionales españolas.Resultados: Participaron 44 hombres y 17 mujeres, de 34±8 años. El % de grasa corporal fue 8,1±1,5% en hombres y 15.7±3.0%en mujeres. Se encontró una correlación negativa entre grasa corporal y el grado de escalada (P<0,0005). La ingesta de energíay carbohidratos fue un 40% inferior a la estimada para cubrir los requerimientos y la de proteínas un 20-25% inferior. El perfilcalórico de la dieta estaba desequilibrado (proteína: grasa: CHO: alcohol = 17:38:42:3%). El consumo de AGS y azúcares fueelevado y bajo el de AGM y fibra. Se observaron carencias en yodo, zinc y vitamina D en ambos sexos y en hierro y folatos enlas mujeres. La calidad de la dieta fue mayor en los escaladores avanzados/élite comparada con la de los de nivel intermedio,lo que indica una posible relación entre esta y el grado alcanzado en escalada.Conclusiones: Se evidencia la necesidad de recomendaciones nutricionales dirigidas a los escaladores. Nuestros hallazgospueden contribuir al diseño de guías alimentarias basadas en la evidencia, que optimicen la salud y el rendimiento de estosdeportistas.(AU)

Changes in dietary intake and nutritional status associated with a significant reduction in sodium intake in patients with heart failure. A sub-analysis of the SODIUM-HF pilot study.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Concerns have been raised about the impact of dietary sodium restriction on the overall dietary intake and nutritional status in patients with heart failure (HF). The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between a significant reduction in sodium intake and dietary changes and nutritional status in patients with chronic HF. METHODS: This is a secondary analysis of 38 patients enrolled in a pilot study of dietary sodium reduction. Patients were classified into two groups according to a level of sodium reduction achieved (≥25% [n = 21 patients] and <25% [n = 14 patients]) at 6 months. Between group changes in energy, nutrient intake, weight loss, and hand grip strength from baseline to 6 months were compared. RESULTS: Patients had a median age of 65 years, 51% were male, median body mass index was 30.7 kg/m2 and median ejection fraction was 39%. Over 6 months, the group with ≥25% sodium reduction exhibited a greater increase in folate intake [median change 50 mcg/day (25th-75th percentiles: -101, 167) vs. -31 mcg/day (25th-75th percentiles: -221, 51), p = 0.04 between groups] and a larger reduction in calcium intake [median change -262 (25th-75th percentiles: -585, -9) vs. 91 (25th-75th percentiles: -114, 210), p = 0.01 between groups], and were more likely to meet the parameters of the DASH diet compared to the <25% sodium reduction group. No significant differences between groups were seen for caloric intake and other relevant nutrients and no significant weight loss was found in either group. CONCLUSIONS: Dietary sodium reduction may be achieved without compromising overall dietary intake and nutritional status in patients with HF when an individualized and comprehensive dietary approached is used. CLINICAL TRIAL IDENTIFIER: Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01480401.

Avaliação do consumo alimentar de pacientes com mucopolissacaridose / Assessment of dietary intake of patients with mucopolysaccharidosis

Objetivos: Avaliar o consumo alimentar de crianças e adolescentes com mucopolissacaridose.Métodos: Série de casos de mucopolissacaridose acompanhados regularmente em um serviço de referência da cidade de Salvador, Bahia, no período de janeiro a abril de 2012. Foram considerados para inclusão pacientes de ambos os sexos, entre dois e 18 anos de idade, com ingestão alimentar por via oral, sem complicações clínicas. Foi aplicada anamnese estruturada contemplando informações socioeconômicas, clínicas e avaliação da ingestão alimentar. Dados de consumo alimentar foram obtidos através do recordatório alimentar de 24 horas e registro alimentar de três dias. Foram avaliadas as possíveis inadequações alimentares através das recomendações da Dietary Reference Intakes, 2005. Os dados foram tabulados no Epidata 3.1 e analisados no pacote estatístico R.Resultados: Foram estudados oito meninos e duas meninas, com idade mediana de 10 anos (intervalo interquartil 6,4 anos, mínima 3, máxima 16 anos). O tipo mais frequente da doença foi a mucopolissacaridose VI (60%). Seis pacientes necessitavam de auxílio para se alimentar, nove apresentaram baixa ingestão de calorias e seis apresentaram baixa ingestão de lipídios. Todos os pacientes apresentavam insuficiente ingestão de fibras e consumo adequado de carboidratos e proteínas. O consumo de todos os micronutrientes apresentou inadequação.Conclusões: Detectou-se alta frequência de inadequação no consumo alimentar de crianças e adolescentes com mucopolissacaridose. Algumas limitações osteoarticulares causadas pela doença acarretam problemas na ingestão de alimentos, tendo muitos pacientes necessidade de auxílio no ato de se alimentar. A conduta nutricional especializada poderá auxiliar na qualidade de vida e no prognóstico desses indivíduos...

AIMS: To assess the dietary intake of children and adolescents with mucopolysaccharidosis.METHODS: Series of cases of mucopolysaccharidosis regularly followed in a referral center in Salvador, Bahia state, Brazil, in January-April 2012. Patients of both sexes aged between 2 and 18 years with food intake by mouth and without clinical complications were considered to inclusion. Structured anamnesis was applied contemplating socioeconomic, clinical, and dietary intake information. The food consumption data were obtained from 24-hour dietary recall and food record of three days. Possible dietary inadequacies were evaluated facing the recommendations of the Dietary Reference Intakes, 2005. Data were tabulated in 3.1 Epidata and analyzed by the statistical package R.RESULTS: Eight boys and two girls, with a median age of 10 years (interquartile range 6.4 years, minimum 3, maximum 16 years) were studied. The most common type of the disease was Mucopolysaccharidosis VI (60 %) and less frequent mucopolysaccharidosis I (10%). Six patients needed assistance to feed, nine had low calorie intake, and six had low intake of lipids. All patients had insufficient intake of fiber and adequate intake of carbohydrates and proteins. The intake of all micronutrients had impairments.CONCLUSIONS: There was a high frequency of inadequate dietary intake in children and adolescents with mucopolysaccharidosis. Some osteoarticular limitations caused by the disease lead to problems in food intake, and many patients need assistance in the act of eating. A specialized nutritional intervention may assist in quality of life and prognosis of these individuals...