Determination of Moisture Levels, Protein and Water Absorption of Chicken Giblets

This study aimed at evaluating the levels of moisture, protein, water to protein ratio, and water absorption during chilling of chicken giblets (heart, liver, and gizzard) to set legal limits of water absorption during this process. The survey was conducted in the southern Brazil, the largest broiler-producing region of this country. Giblets (heart, liver, and gizzard) were collected fresh from the processing line after evisceration and at the exit of the chiller after the immersion process from two processing plants. One of the plants (PP1) processes small chickens (1,100g live weight) and PP2 processes chickens with 2,800g live weight. In total, 448 samples were collected. Laboratory tests were performed in duplicate for each parameter measured. The results show that moisture levels of fresh giblets were higher in the gizzard, followed by the liver and the heart, whereas in chilled giblets, the gizzard still maintained the highest moisture level, but was followed by the heart and then the liver. Both in fresh and chilled samples, the liver presented the highest protein content, followed by the gizzard and the heart. Water to protein ratios were higher in chilled than in fresh samples, and was highest in the heart, followed by the gizzard and the liver. After immersion in the chiller, the heart presented the highest water absorption rate (6.59%), which was significantly higher compared with those of the liver (4.16%) and the gizzard (4.51%). Considering that the water absorption rates obtained both in fresh and chilled chicken giblets were below 8.00%, the following upper limits of water absorption are suggested for chicken giblet processing in Brazil: 7.0% for the heart, and 5.0% for the gizzard and the liver.(AU)

Determination of Moisture Levels, Protein and Water Absorption of Chicken Giblets

This study aimed at evaluating the levels of moisture, protein, water to protein ratio, and water absorption during chilling of chicken giblets (heart, liver, and gizzard) to set legal limits of water absorption during this process. The survey was conducted in the southern Brazil, the largest broiler-producing region of this country. Giblets (heart, liver, and gizzard) were collected fresh from the processing line after evisceration and at the exit of the chiller after the immersion process from two processing plants. One of the plants (PP1) processes small chickens (1,100g live weight) and PP2 processes chickens with 2,800g live weight. In total, 448 samples were collected. Laboratory tests were performed in duplicate for each parameter measured. The results show that moisture levels of fresh giblets were higher in the gizzard, followed by the liver and the heart, whereas in chilled giblets, the gizzard still maintained the highest moisture level, but was followed by the heart and then the liver. Both in fresh and chilled samples, the liver presented the highest protein content, followed by the gizzard and the heart. Water to protein ratios were higher in chilled than in fresh samples, and was highest in the heart, followed by the gizzard and the liver. After immersion in the chiller, the heart presented the highest water absorption rate (6.59%), which was significantly higher compared with those of the liver (4.16%) and the gizzard (4.51%). Considering that the water absorption rates obtained both in fresh and chilled chicken giblets were below 8.00%, the following upper limits of water absorption are suggested for chicken giblet processing in Brazil: 7.0% for the heart, and 5.0% for the gizzard and the liver.

Salmonella sp. in normal and condemned heart and liver from broiler slaughtered in Goias state and identification of susceptibility to antimicrobial agents / Salmonella sp. em corações e fígados normais e condenados de frangos de corte abatidos no estado de Goiás e identificação da suscetibilidade a antimicrobianos

Salmonella is hazard to food safety. This study investigated the presence of Salmonella sp in normal and condemned heart and liver samples from broilers. These specimens were subdivided into pools of five samples, which were processed according to the recommend procedure by Brazilian legislation. A total of 9.24% of these pools were Salmonella positive, which corresponded to 5.41% of normal hearts and 25.00% of condemned livers. Salmonella Enteritidis was isolated from two normal heart pools and seven condemned livers pools. Of these positive samples, Salmonella Typhimurium was isolated from two pools. The isolated strains were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility profile to thirteen antimicrobial agents. Of two Salmonella Enteritidis strains isolated from normal hearts, one showed resistance to one of the tested antimicrobial drugs. The other strain was susceptible to all the tested antimicrobial drugs. This bacterium sorovar isolated from condemned livers was susceptible to all of the evaluated antimicrobial drugs. Salmonella Typhimurium was isolated from two pools, which showed concomitant resistance to four antimicrobials agents. The other strain showed to be sensitive to all of the tested drugs. These data show that chicken giblets, which are commonly available in markets, could be a source for Salmonella sp transmission. It might represent a risk to public health as th

Salmonella sp. constitui ameaça à segurança do alimento. Este estudo verificou a ocorrência de Salmonella sp. em amostras de corações e fígados normais e condenados. As amostras em análise foram subdivididas em pools de cinco e processadas pelo método bacteriano convencional, preconizado pela legislação. Do total de pools, 9,24% foram Salmonella positivos, correspondendo a 5,41% de corações normais e 25% de fígados condenados. Salmonella Enteritidis foi isolada em dois pools de corações normais e em sete pools de fígados condenados. Nesta categoria de amostras, houve o isolamento de Salmonella Typhimurium em dois pools, porém negativo em amostras de corações normais e condenados e fígados normais. As cepas isoladas foram avaliadas quanto ao perfil de suscetibilidade a treze agentes antimicrobianos. Das duas cepas de Salmonella Enteritidis isoladas de amostras de corações normais, uma apresentou resistência a um princípio ativo. A outra cepa foi sensível a todos os antimicrobianos. As cepas do sorovar isolado de fígados condenados apresentaram sensibilidade para todos os antimicrobianos avaliados. SalmonellaTyphimurium foi isolada em dois pools, em que uma cepa apresentou resistência concomitantemente a quatro drogas antimicrobianas. A outra cepa mostrou-se sensível a todos os antimicrobianos testados. Os miúdos de frangos, comumente comercializados, podem representar risco à sa

Salmonella sp. in normal and condemned heart and liver from broiler slaughtered in Goias state and identification of susceptibility to antimicrobial agents / Salmonella sp. em corações e fígados normais e condenados de frangos de corte abatidos no estado de Goiás e identificação da suscetibilidade a antimicrobianos

Salmonella is hazard to food safety. This study investigated the presence of Salmonella sp in normal and condemned heart and liver samples from broilers. These specimens were subdivided into pools of five samples, which were processed according to the recommend procedure by Brazilian legislation. A total of 9.24% of these pools were Salmonella positive, which corresponded to 5.41% of normal hearts and 25.00% of condemned livers. Salmonella Enteritidis was isolated from two normal heart pools and seven condemned livers pools. Of these positive samples, Salmonella Typhimurium was isolated from two pools. The isolated strains were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility profile to thirteen antimicrobial agents. Of two Salmonella Enteritidis strains isolated from normal hearts, one showed resistance to one of the tested antimicrobial drugs. The other strain was susceptible to all the tested antimicrobial drugs. This bacterium sorovar isolated from condemned livers was susceptible to all of the evaluated antimicrobial drugs. Salmonella Typhimurium was isolated from two pools, which showed concomitant resistance to four antimicrobials agents. The other strain showed to be sensitive to all of the tested drugs. These data show that chicken giblets, which are commonly available in markets, could be a source for Salmonella sp transmission. It might represent a risk to public health as th

Salmonella sp. constitui ameaça à segurança do alimento. Este estudo verificou a ocorrência de Salmonella sp. em amostras de corações e fígados normais e condenados. As amostras em análise foram subdivididas em pools de cinco e processadas pelo método bacteriano convencional, preconizado pela legislação. Do total de pools, 9,24% foram Salmonella positivos, correspondendo a 5,41% de corações normais e 25% de fígados condenados. Salmonella Enteritidis foi isolada em dois pools de corações normais e em sete pools de fígados condenados. Nesta categoria de amostras, houve o isolamento de Salmonella Typhimurium em dois pools, porém negativo em amostras de corações normais e condenados e fígados normais. As cepas isoladas foram avaliadas quanto ao perfil de suscetibilidade a treze agentes antimicrobianos. Das duas cepas de Salmonella Enteritidis isoladas de amostras de corações normais, uma apresentou resistência a um princípio ativo. A outra cepa foi sensível a todos os antimicrobianos. As cepas do sorovar isolado de fígados condenados apresentaram sensibilidade para todos os antimicrobianos avaliados. SalmonellaTyphimurium foi isolada em dois pools, em que uma cepa apresentou resistência concomitantemente a quatro drogas antimicrobianas. A outra cepa mostrou-se sensível a todos os antimicrobianos testados. Os miúdos de frangos, comumente comercializados, podem representar risco à sa

Carcass yield in two strains of chicken for meat production / Peso e rendimento da carcaça em duas linhagens de aves para corte

Were randomly selected, 809 chickens for meat production in order to compose two groups named here A and B strains. After fastening for 14 hours, the birds were slaughtered in industrial condition. Then, 111 males and 111 females were selected at random from each strain and their live weight, eviscerated carcass weight and yield of this late were recorded. Based on live weight, the strain B yielded higher percentage of eviscerated carcass than strain A, although the heaviest carcass weights were obtained in strain A. Although heavier carcass weights were found in males, there no significant differences between sexes in relation to the carcass yield. Regression equations and coefficients of determination for the interrelation of live weight and carcass weight, were determined in relation to both sexes and strains. Data from giblets gizzard, heart and liver and legs, heads and necks were also studied and discussed.

Com a finalidade de se estimar o peso e o rendimento da carcaça, de uma população de 809 aves abatidas, especializadas para produção de carne, foram sorteados 111 machos e 111 fêmeas da linhagem denominada A e igual número de exemplares da linhagem B, perfazendo um total de 444 aves. A matança foi realizada em moldes industriais com jejum prévio de 14 horas. Os níveis percentuais de rendimento da carcaça foram significantemente mais elevados na linhagem B, embora carcaças mais pesadas tenham sido obtidas na linhagem A. Apesar dos machos terem proporcionado carcaças mais pesadas, não foram consignadas, entre sexos, diferenças significantes no que tange aorendimento.Por outro lado, o peso vivo mostrou-se estreitamente relacionado como peso da carcaça, sendo os valores de r todos superiores a 0,900. Os coeficientes de determinação e equações de regressão foram também determinados. Dados relativos ao peso do coração, fígado, moela, cabeça e pescoço e pés foram obtidos e relacionados ao peso vivo médio das aves.

Carcass yield in two strains of chicken for meat production / Peso e rendimento da carcaça em duas linhagens de aves para corte

Were randomly selected, 809 chickens for meat production in order to compose two groups named here A and B strains. After fastening for 14 hours, the birds were slaughtered in industrial condition. Then, 111 males and 111 females were selected at random from each strain and their live weight, eviscerated carcass weight and yield of this late were recorded. Based on live weight, the strain B yielded higher percentage of eviscerated carcass than strain A, although the heaviest carcass weights were obtained in strain A. Although heavier carcass weights were found in males, there no significant differences between sexes in relation to the carcass yield. Regression equations and coefficients of determination for the interrelation of live weight and carcass weight, were determined in relation to both sexes and strains. Data from giblets gizzard, heart and liver and legs, heads and necks were also studied and discussed.

Com a finalidade de se estimar o peso e o rendimento da carcaça, de uma população de 809 aves abatidas, especializadas para produção de carne, foram sorteados 111 machos e 111 fêmeas da linhagem denominada A e igual número de exemplares da linhagem B, perfazendo um total de 444 aves. A matança foi realizada em moldes industriais com jejum prévio de 14 horas. Os níveis percentuais de rendimento da carcaça foram significantemente mais elevados na linhagem B, embora carcaças mais pesadas tenham sido obtidas na linhagem A. Apesar dos machos terem proporcionado carcaças mais pesadas, não foram consignadas, entre sexos, diferenças significantes no que tange aorendimento.Por outro lado, o peso vivo mostrou-se estreitamente relacionado como peso da carcaça, sendo os valores de r todos superiores a 0,900. Os coeficientes de determinação e equações de regressão foram também determinados. Dados relativos ao peso do coração, fígado, moela, cabeça e pescoço e pés foram obtidos e relacionados ao peso vivo médio das aves.