Antibiosis of strawberry genotypes to the spotted spider mite / Antibiose de genótipos de morangueiro ao ácaro-rajado

The spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Koch, 1836), is one of the most important pests of strawberry production systems worldwide. Because plant resistance is an important integrated management strategy, the present study investigated the effects of 12 strawberry genotypes on the biological characteristics of this pest under laboratory conditions (25 ± 2 °C and RH 60 ± 10%; 12:12-hour photophase). The experiment was carried using 12 treatments (genotypes), divided into 20 replications each, in a completely randomized design. The response variables were the biological parameters of the spider mite and its survival rate. The development and survival of T. urticae were influenced by different strawberry genotypes. The Camarosa cultivar together with genotypes Selection 05 and 2017-04-03 negatively affected the development and survival of T. urticae. The Selection 02 genotype had greatest susceptibility to the spider mite, which allowed fast development and high survival rate. The reproductive parameters of T. urticae were affected differently as a function of the strawberry genotype, with the Camarosa cultivar and the genotypes Selection 05 and 2017-04-03 being unfavorable to development, suggesting a possible resistance based on antibiosis.

O ácaro-rajado, Tetranychus urticae (KOCH, 1836), é uma das pragas mais importantes dos sistemas de produção de morangos em todo o mundo. Considerando a resistência de plantas como importante estratégia de manejo integrado, o presente estudo investigou os efeitos de 12 genótipos nas características biológicas desta praga, em condições de laboratório (25 ± 2 °C e UR 60 ± 10%; fotofase de 12 horas). O experimento foi realizado em condições de Laboratório sendo utilizado 12 tratamentos (genótipos), divididos em 20 repetições cada, num delineamento inteiramente casualizado. As variáveis resposta foram os parâmetros biológicos do ácaro-rajado e taxa de sobrevivência. O desenvolvimento e a sobrevivência de T. urticae foram influenciados pelos diferentes genótipos de morangueiro. A cultivar Camarosa junto ao genótipo Seleção 05 e 2017-04-03 afetaram negativamente o desenvolvimento e a sobrevivência de T. urticae. O genótipo Seleção 02 demonstrou maior suscetibilidade ao ácaro-rajado, o qual apresentou rápido desenvolvimento e elevada taxa de sobrevivência. Conclui-se que os parâmetros reprodutivos de T. urticae são afetados em função do genótipo de morangueiro, sendo 'Camarosa' e os genótipos Seleção 05 e 2017-04-03 desfavoráveis ao desenvolvimento, sugerindo uma possível resistência do tipo antibiose.

Edwardsiella tarda in Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum): A Pathogenicity, Antimicrobial Susceptibility, and Genetic Analysis of Brazilian Isolates.

Edwardsiella tarda is a crucial pathogenic bacterium in tropical aquaculture. This bacterium was recently isolated from tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum), a commercially important fish species in Brazil. This study assessed the antimicrobial susceptibility, pathogenicity, and genetic diversity of the tambaqui-derived E. tarda isolates. Fourteen bacterial isolates isolated from tambaqui were identified as E. tarda by using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry and dnaJ gene sequencing. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were conducted against seven drugs using the disc diffusion assay. The pathogenicity test conducted by intraperitoneal injection of 2.4 × 107 colony-forming units (CFU) fish-1 of E. tarda (ED38-17) into tambaqui juveniles eventually revealed that neither clinical signs nor death were present. However, splenomegaly and whitish areas in the spleen and kidneys were observed. The histological investigation also revealed granulomatous splenitis, nephritis, and hepatitis occurring internally. Repetitive extragenic palindromic-PCR fingerprinting separated the 14 isolates into three genetic groups. The antibiogram revealed that all E. tarda isolates were wild-type (WT) to florfenicol (FLO), norfloxacin (NOR), neomycin (NEO), erythromycin (ERY), and oxytetracycline (OXY); however, some were non-wild-type to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (7.1%) and amoxicillin (21.4%). Therefore, through experimental infection, E. tarda ED38-17 could induce pathogenic effects in C. macropomum. Additionally, three distinct genetic types were found, and the E. tarda isolates were WT to FLO, NOR, NEO, ERY, and OXY. These findings raise awareness of a bacteria causing unseen lesions, a pathogen that will potentially impact tambaqui aquaculture in the future.

Desde el análisis biomecánico óseo de koch hasta el manejo contemporáneo de la fractura del fémur proximal / From koch's bone biomechanical analysis to contemporary proximal femur fracture management

Este artículo representa una revisión actual y completa de las fuerzas biomecánicas en el fémur proximal, tal como Koch presentó preliminarmente en su trabajo sobre la arquitectura ósea del fémur proximal. Su trabajo reflejó en la complejidad de las fracturas de fémur proximal y el manejo de las fracturas subtrocantéricas en paralelo con su clasificación y con la evolución de implantes. Existen múltiples formas de clasificar las fracturas subtrocantéricas; sin embargo, no existe un sistema de clasificación que se utilice para guiar el manejo quirúrgico. El tratamiento de las fracturas subtrocantéricas es la fijación quirúrgica, que implica el enclavado endomedular y placas de osteosíntesis. El tratamiento estándar es el enclavado endomedular con opciones de enclavado anterógrado y retrógrado. Aunque el enclavado anterógrado presenta una ventaja debido a las fuerzas deformantes, el enclavado retrógrado de las fracturas de fémur proximal ofrece menos tiempo quirúrgico y pérdida de sangre. Se han informado resultados similares entre los dos métodos. La toma de decisiones cuando se contempla el enclavado anterógrado versus retrógrado para las fracturas de fémur se basa principalmente en la constitución corporal y las lesiones asociadas, y no en la distancia de la fractura del fémur proximal a la región trocantérica

This article presents a current and comprehensive review of the biomechanical forces on the proximal femur, as preliminarily presented by Koch's cornerstone work on the bone architecture of the proximal femur. His work reflected on the complexity of proximal femur fractures and subtrochanteric fracture management in parallel with implant evolution and classification. Multiple ways of classifying subtrochanteric fractures exist, however, there is not one classification system that is used to guide operative management. The management of subtrochanteric fractures is surgical fixation which involves intramedullary nailing and plating (e.g., fixed angle and locking). The gold standard management is intramedullary nailing with antegrade and retrograde nail options. Though antegrade nailing presents an advantage due to the deforming forces, retrograde nailing of proximal femur fractures offers less operative time and blood loss. Similar outcomes have been reported between the two methods. Decision making when contemplating antegrade versus retrograde nailing for femur fractures is mostly driven by body habitus and associated injuries, and not by fracture distance of the proximal femur to the trochanteric region

Higher CO2 during controlled atmosphere storage of unshelled 'Barton' pecans or carnauba wax coating: Effect on the quality after long-term storage at two temperatures.

Pecan nuts, a healthy food, have shown an increased demand for consumption. Therefore, there must be a certain level of care to avoid quality losses, which are primarily influenced by storage conditions and time. This study evaluates the effects of long-term controlled atmosphere (CA) storage with low O2 partial pressure (pO2 - 2 kPa), combined or not with high CO2 (pCO2 - 40 or 80 kPa), carnauba wax coating (CW), and ambient atmosphere (AMB; control) at 10 and 20 °C, on unshelled 'Barton' pecan nut quality. Color, water activity (Aw), moisture content (MC), and oxidation markers, such as peroxide value (PV), acidity value (AV), TBARS, and volatile compounds (VC) were evaluated. Storage up to twelve months at 10 °C and with CA (regardless of the temperature) ensured higher luminosity and color parameter b* ("golden") and a lower a* parameter ("reddish"). The MC ranged from 2.8 to 3.6%, irrespective of storage conditions, for up to twelve months, which is suitable. The AMB at 10 °C ensured lower AV, TBARS, and PV compared to the CW treatment. Furthermore, CA with low pO2 and high pCO2, even at 20 °C, guaranteed lower AV, TBARS, and PV. Storage at 20 °C increased characteristic VCs of lipid oxidation (aldehydes, acids, alcohols, ketones, lactones, and esters, especially with CW coating). However, all conditions at 10 °C and with pCO2 (even associated at 20 °C) reduced the presence of these VCs. The CW used as a coating on the pecans did not show satisfactory results and should not be recommended for pecan storage at these applied conditions. Our findings showed that low pO2 and high pCO2 maintain better pecan quality than O2 ambient (20 kPa), even at temperatures above refrigeration (20 °C). Nevertheless, there were no significant differences between 40 and 80 kPa CO2.

A Prospective Observational Study on Outcomes of Single Stage Posterior Decompression and Fixation for Dorsolumbar Spine Tuberculosis / Estudo observacional prospectivo sobre os desfechos da descompressão posterior e fixação em estágio único na tuberculose da coluna dorsolombar

Abstract Objective To study the results of only posterior decompression and instrumentation in dorsal and dorsolumbar spine tuberculosis. Methods The patients (n = 30) who were included in this study had dorsal or dorsolumbar spine tuberculosis, with or without neurological deficit, and with or without deformity. All 30 patients were managed by only posterior approach decompression and instrumentation. We studied cases for correction and maintenance of deformity at dorsal and dorsolumbar spine, functional outcome by the Oswestry disability index (ODI) and visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, as well as neurological outcome by the Frankel grade. Results In the current series, 30 patients were operated with single stage posterior decompression and instrumentation, and showed significant improvement in neurological status and functional outcomes, which were accessed by the ODI score, VAS score, and Frankel grade. Conclusion The posterior (extracavitary) approach provides optimum access to the lateral and anterior aspects of the spinal cord for good decompression. It facilitates early mobilization and avoids problems of prolonged recumbency, provides better functional outcome, and significantly better sagittal plane kyphosis correction.

Resumo Objetivo Estudar os desfechos da descompressão posterior isolada e instrumentação na tuberculose da coluna dorsal e dorsolombar. Métodos Os pacientes (n = 30) incluídos neste estudo apresentavam tuberculose na coluna dorsal ou dorsolombar, acompanhada ou não por déficit neurológico e/ou deformidade. Todos os 30 pacientes foram tratados apenas por descompressão posterior e instrumentação. Estudamos a correção e manutenção da deformidade na coluna dorsal e dorsolombar, o desfecho funcional segundo o índice de deficiência de Oswestry (ODI) e a escala visual analógica (EVA); o desfecho neurológico foi estudado de acordo com a classificação de Frankel. Resultados Na atual série, 30 pacientes foram submetidos à descompressão posterior e instrumentação em estágio único e apresentaram melhora significativa no estado neurológico e desfecho funcional segundo os scores de ODI, EVA e classificação de Frankel. Conclusão A abordagem posterior (extracavitária) permite o acesso ideal aos aspectos laterais e anteriores da medula espinhal para uma boa descompressão. Facilita a mobilização precoce, evita problemas associados ao decúbito prolongado, proporciona melhor desfecho funcional e corrige a cifose no plano sagital de maneira significativamente melhor.

Comparison of Two Tuberculosis Infection Tests in a South American Tertiary Hospital: STANDARD F TB-Feron FIA vs. QIAreachTM QuantiFERON-TB.

INTRODUCTION: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most prevalent respiratory diseases in the world. In 2020 there were at least 9.9 million new infections, with 1.5 million deaths. Approximately 10% of people infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis develop the disease during the first 2 to 5 years after infection. In South America, the diagnosis of Latent Tuberculosis Infections (LTBI) continues to be performed through the Mantoux tuberculin skin test (TST). OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study was to compare the sensitivity of a new immunofluorescence IGRA test against a widely available IGRA kit on the market. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Close contact with infectious TB patients, HIV patients, or immunocompromised for another cause were recruited. Two interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) diagnostic kits were used and compared with TST. RESULTS: 76 patients were recruited, 93.42% were Chilean nationality, and 98.68% of the patients did not have immunosuppression. The sensitivity of the new technique was 88.89%, and the specificity was 92.50% in the study population compared to the IGRA previously used. In the subgroup older than 36 years, the sensitivity was 95.65%, and the specificity was 89.47%. CONCLUSION: IGRA techniques are a new resource in clinical laboratories to make an accurate diagnosis of LTBI in the region of the Americas. In our population, the greatest benefit of this new IGRA would be observed in people over 36 years of age, where the sensitivity of the technique was like that of the currently available test.

Tuberculosis of the ribcage by dissemination of Koch bacilli.

INTRODUCTION: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious, transmissible and immune disease caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis-complex (MTBC). Although osteoarticular tuberculosis (OATB) has been widely described, the ribcage variety remains a rare form. CASE REPORT: A thirteen-month-old male and a twenty-month-old female, both with pain and increased volume of anterolateral left rib cage were described. Physical examination revealed the presence of a soft consistent mass at the level of the 9th and 5th costal arches in the male and female patients respectively. Upon clinical evaluation, tuberculosis was suspected, which was confirmed by X-ray and histopathological studies. After confirmation, the management, based on anti-tuberculosis therapy was started as follows: nine months of anti-tuberculosis therapy for the male patient and fourteen months for the female. The outcomes were favorable for both patients. However, further interventions, consisting of abscess drainage in the male patient and excisional biopsy in the female patient were necessary. With these therapeutic interventions, to date, the patients are without any evidence of active TB.

Effects of controlled atmosphere and storage temperature on the quality of shelled 'Barton' pecan nuts during long-term storage.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of controlled atmosphere (CA) storage at a low oxygen partial pressure (pO2; 2 kPa of O2) and low pO2 associated with high pCO2 (2 kPa O2 + 15 kPa CO2) in relation to ambient atmospheric conditions (control), at different temperatures, on shelled 'Barton' pecan nuts quality after storage. Color, respiration rates, moisture content (MC), and oxidation markers, such as peroxide value (PV), acidity value (AV), and volatile compounds (VC), were evaluated. During six months of storage, the MC decreased in all CA treatments, and treatments at 10 °C had the lowest AVs and PVs. However, the treatment with high pCO2 levels also guaranteed lower AVs at 20 °C. The color parameter b* (yellow), which is related to the golden appearance of pecans and is a highly desirable visual attribute in the commercialization of nuts, was maintained high in treatments at 10 °C with CA treatments until six months of storage. The VCs, characteristic of lipid oxidation (aldehydes, acids, alcohols, and ketones), increase in all treatments with prolonging storage. When pCO2 was associated to 10 °C at six month of storage, it showed a larger area in the acids and unsaturated aldehyde classes, while it was relevant for alcohols, lactones, and esters at 20 °C, with sweet characteristics, including ethyl ethanoate, ethyl hexanoate, and butyrolactone. Thus, this study shows another advance in the storage techniques of shelled pecans, pointing to alternatives for reducing energy costs in the cooling chain.

Interspecies transmission of Edwardsiella ictaluri in Brazilian catfish (Pseudoplatystoma corruscans) from exotic invasive fish species.

Infections caused by Edwardsiella ictaluri are one of the biggest problems in the catfish industry in North America and have been reported in fishes around the world. E. ictaluri was detected in juvenile pintado Pseudoplatystoma corruscans-a Brazilian catfish-in a farm in Paraná State, Brazil; diseased animals showed ascites and neurological signs of infection, with more than 50% mortality. Exotic invasive species susceptible to this bacterium have been reported in this area. We assessed the susceptibility of pintado to E. ictaluri with experimental infection via intraperitoneal and immersion methods as well as a cohabitation experiment with Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and African walking catfish Clarias gariepinus, 2 exotic invasive species. All pintados challenged by intraperitoneal and immersion routes and those cohabiting with infected C. gariepinus died within 17 d of the challenge. Mortality of Nile tilapia reached 71.42% after the intraperitoneal and 35.71% in the immersion challenges within 28 d, whereas African walking catfish showed zero mortality. Observed clinical signs were comparable to those in the farm and those described in the literature as enteric septicemia of catfish. With this study, we demonstrated the susceptibility of P. corruscans to E. ictaluri, as well as interspecies transmission of this bacterium.

Chemical composition and oxidative stability of eleven pecan cultivars produced in southern Brazil.

Nuts are considered highly nutritious foods and a source of health-promoting compounds. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition (proximate composition, fatty acids, volatile compounds, total phenolics, squalene, and ß-sitosterol) of eleven pecan cultivars harvested in Rio Grande do Sul State (Brazil) and investigate their oxidative stability by the Rancimat method. 'Barton' is the main cultivar produced in Brazil and presented the highest protein, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid values and the lowest saturated fatty acid values, which provide health benefits. 'Mahan' showed the highest oxidation induction time, both in extracted oil and ground samples, low abundance of lipid oxidation compounds, low polyunsaturated fatty acids, high levels of oleic acid and ß-sitosterol, which suggests potential for storage. 'Stuart' and 'Success' had the highest total dietary fiber values. Moreover, analysis showed that 'Chickasaw' and 'Success' had large quantities of compounds correlated to lipid oxidation, suggesting low stability for long-term storage. These results imply that the physicochemical characteristics and proximate composition of pecan nut cultivars from southern Brazil have variable parameters that may depend on their genetic variability.

Ceratocystis fimbriata agente causal de la enfermedad de marchitez vascular de Tectona grandis L.f. (teca) en Ecuador / Ceratocystis fimbriata causative agent of vascular wilt disease of Tectona grandis L.f. (teak) in Ecuador

Tectona grandis L.f. es una especie forestal de madera dura que, a pesar de no ser nativa de América, su plasticidad de adaptación ha permitido que en Ecuador se establezcan plantaciones intensivas con fines de exportación. Una compleja enfermedad con características de marchitez vascular está matando miles de árboles de diferentes edades en el país. Se planteó conocer el agente fitopatógeno causante de la patogénesis y muerte de los árboles. Se aislaron los hongos Fusarium sp. y Ceratocystis fimbriata Ellis & Halst. desde árboles enfermos. A nivel de invernadero se plantearon los postulados de Koch, para el efecto 30 plantas de T. grandis de cuatro meses de edad por cada tratamiento, se inocularon con los microrganismos como se describe a continuación: T1= C. fimbriata, T2 = Fusarium sp., T3 = C. fimbriata + Fusarium sp., T4 = agar-agar (control). Se empleó un diseño completo al azar (DCA) y las plantas se evaluaron a los 45 días después de inoculadas. Los tratamientos C. fimbriata, y C. fimbriata + Fusarium sp., mostraron mayores volúmenes aparentes de necrosis, con 1.52 cm3 y 1.93 cm3, y plantas muertas por la infección durante el tiempo de evaluación, mientras que Fusarium sp. mostró baja o nula patogenicidad y comportamiento similar al control, con 0.27 cm3 y 0.16 cm3 respectivamente. Estos resultados sugieren que el agente causal de la enfermedad de marchitez vascular en T. grandis es C. fimbriata y sería el primer reporte del fitopatógeno atacando teca en Ecuador. (AU)

Tectona grandisL.f. it is a hardwood forest species, which despite not being native to America, its adaptive plasticity has allowed intensive plantations to be established for export purposes in Ecuador. A complex disease with characteristics of vascular wilt is killing thousands of trees of different ages in the country. It was proposed to know the phytopathogenic agent causing the pathogenesis and death of the trees. Fusarium sp. andCeratocystis fimbriata Ellis & Halst. were isolated from diseased trees. At the greenhouselevel, Koch's postulates were proposed, for the effect 30 four month old T. grandisplants for each treatment were inoculated with the microorganisms as described below: T1 = C. fimbriata, T2 = Fusariumsp ., T3 = C. fimbriata+ Fusariumsp., T4 = agar-agar (control). A complete randomized design (DCA) was used and the plants were evaluated 45 days after inoculation. The treatments C. fimbriata, and C. fimbriata+ Fusariumsp. showed higher apparent volumes of necrosis, with 1.52 cm3and 1.93 cm3, and plants killed by the infection during the evaluation time, while Fusariumsp. showed low or no pathogenicity and behavior similar to the control, with 0.27 cm3and 0.16 cm3respectively. These results suggest that the causative agent of vascular wilt disease in T. grandisis C. fimbriataand it would be the first report of phytopathogen attacking teak in Ecuador. (AU)

Pecan cultivation: general aspects / Pecanicultura: aspectos gerais da cultura

Given the increasing investment in the pecan production in southern Brazil, it becomes necessary researches, assisting in solve problems and proposition of technical and methodology to enhance this production chain. Thus, the present review aimed to survey the existing information about the culture, both on the world and the Brazilian scene. Issues related to botany, climate and soil requirements, alignment and planting density, cultivars, pests and diseases, among other technical aspects of this culture will be addressed. Pecan nut presents nutraceutical properties that are beneficial to human health, which has increased its demand from consumers. However, there are few research results with pecan nut in Brazil and there are many gaps in scientific knowledge about this culture, especially as regards the management of pests and diseases control, irrigation and nutrition, in Brazilian conditions.(AU)

Diante do crescente investimento na cultura da nogueira-pecã no sul do Brasil, torna-se necessário que a pesquisa atue auxiliando na solução de problemas e na proposição de técnicas e metodologia para potencializar esta cadeia produtiva. Desta forma, a presente revisão bibliográfica objetiva realizar um levantamento das informações existentes sobre a cultura, tanto no panorama mundial quanto brasileiro. Serão abordadas questões relacionadas com a botânica, exigências climáticas e edáficas, alinhamento e densidade de plantio, cultivares, pragas e doenças, entre outros aspectos técnicos da cultura. A noz apresenta propriedades nutracêuticas, que são benéficas para a saúde humana, o que tem aumentado a sua procura por parte dos consumidores. No entanto, são poucos os resultados de pesquisa com a cultura da nogueira no país e existem diversas lacunas no conhecimento científico sobre o cultivo da nogueira, principalmente, no que diz respeito ao manejo de pragas e doenças, irrigação e nutrição nas condições brasileiras.(AU)

Pecan cultivation: general aspects / Pecanicultura: aspectos gerais da cultura

ABSTRACT: Given the increasing investment in the pecan production in southern Brazil, it becomes necessary researches, assisting in solve problems and proposition of technical and methodology to enhance this production chain. Thus, the present review aimed to survey the existing information about the culture, both on the world and the Brazilian scene. Issues related to botany, climate and soil requirements, alignment and planting density, cultivars, pests and diseases, among other technical aspects of this culture will be addressed. Pecan nut presents nutraceutical properties that are beneficial to human health, which has increased its demand from consumers. However, there are few research results with pecan nut in Brazil and there are many gaps in scientific knowledge about this culture, especially as regards the management of pests and diseases control, irrigation and nutrition, in Brazilian conditions.

RESUMO: Diante do crescente investimento na cultura da nogueira-pecã no sul do Brasil, torna-se necessário que a pesquisa atue auxiliando na solução de problemas e na proposição de técnicas e metodologia para potencializar esta cadeia produtiva. Desta forma, a presente revisão bibliográfica objetiva realizar um levantamento das informações existentes sobre a cultura, tanto no panorama mundial quanto brasileiro. Serão abordadas questões relacionadas com a botânica, exigências climáticas e edáficas, alinhamento e densidade de plantio, cultivares, pragas e doenças, entre outros aspectos técnicos da cultura. A noz apresenta propriedades nutracêuticas, que são benéficas para a saúde humana, o que tem aumentado a sua procura por parte dos consumidores. No entanto, são poucos os resultados de pesquisa com a cultura da nogueira no país e existem diversas lacunas no conhecimento científico sobre o cultivo da nogueira, principalmente, no que diz respeito ao manejo de pragas e doenças, irrigação e nutrição nas condições brasileiras.

Vida y obra de Abel Cetrángolo (1916 - 1977) / Life and work of Abel Cetrángolo (1916-1977)

Desde 1947 se inició el tratamiento específico de la tuberculosis que adquirió un valor inusitado, dado que el mismo modificó en el mundo entero el curso de la enfermedad tuberculosa. Roentgen desde 1895 nos mostró su ubicación en el pulmón, pero fue el laboratorio que permitió su diagnóstico y tratamiento, sucesivamente modificado con el transcurrir de los años. Abel Cetrángolo, como quien fuera su maestro y padrino de tesis, Andrés Arena entre nosotros, logró caracterizar al bacilo de Koch y en esa misma tesis nos enseñó el valor diagnóstico del contenido gástrico. Se distinguió por la seriedad de sus trabajos científicos tanto en Córdoba en la escuela de Gumersindo Sayago como en la Cátedra de Patología y Clínica de la Tuberculosis con la conducción de Raúl F Vaccarezza; fue un verdadero maestro para sus discípulos sentando bases valederas en sus conclusiones. Todo jefe de servicio debe trascender por lo que dejacientíficamente, pero también en la formación de médicos que puedan continuar en la profesión desde el punto de vista asistencial y docente con el ejemplo que él les legó.

Since 1947 the specific treatment of tuberculosis acquired an unused value, since it changed over the world the course of tuberculosis. Roentgen from 1895 showed us its location in the lung, but it was the laboratory that allowed its diagnosis and treatment, successively modified with the passing of the years. Abel Cetrángolo, and his former teacher and thesis godfather Andrés Arena among us, characterized the Koch bacillus and in that same thesis reinforced the value of gastric content. It was distinguished by the seriousness of his scientific works, both in Córdoba in Gumersido Sayago school and in the Department of Pathology and Clinical Tuberculosis headed by Raul F Vaccarezza, was a true master for his disciples sitting valid bases of conclusions. All service manager must transcend so scientifically leaves, but also in the training of doctors that can continue in the profession from the point of view clinical and teaching by example that he bequeathed them.

Lactococcus garvieae outbreaks in Brazilian farms Lactococcosis in Pseudoplatystoma sp. - development of an autogenous vaccine as a control strategy.

This study evaluated the control of streptococcosis outbreaks in Brazil, isolated from diseased sorubim and identified as Lactococcus garvieae by genetic sequencing. This report determined the potential for lactococcosis control in sorubim Pseudoplatystoma sp. with two vaccines: an aqueous-based, whole-cell inactivated vaccine (bacterin) and an oil-adjuvanted bacterin. Their efficacy was evaluated at 30 days post-vaccination (d.p.v.) by challenge with L. garvieae, and the antibody production response at 15, 30 and 60 d.p.v. and the non-specific immune response were compared amongst treatments. High protection levels (P < 0.05) were achieved with the oil-adjuvanted vaccine with a relative percentage survival value of 81.7% at 30 d.p.v. Additionally, the oil-adjuvanted vaccine increased the immunogenicity of the bacterin as indicated by greater agglutination antibody titres from 15 until 60 d.p.v. This is the first report of a positive effect of vaccine administration on the specific immunity of sorubim, and the study showed that a specific antibody plays an important role in sorubim defence against lactococcosis because the innate immune responses were similar in all of the studied animals. These results demonstrated that oil-adjuvanted vaccine can be an effective alternative for the protection of sorubim from L. garvieae disease.

Notas para a história da psicanálise em São Paulo / Notes on the history of psychoanalysis in Sao Paulo / Notas para la historia del psicoanálisis en São Paulo

O presente trabalho refere-se à introdução da psicanálise em São Paulo, a primeira cidade sul-americana a recebê-la. Seus introdutores entre nós foram o professor Franco da Rocha, precursor, e Durval Marcondes, realizador. O primeiro, professor de Psiquiatria na Faculdade de Medicina de São Paulo, em 1919 deu uma aula em que ressaltava a importância das ideias de Freud. Desta aula teve conhecimento Durval Marcondes, que iniciava seu curso médico e que, de imediato, se apaixonou pelas novas ideias apresentadas. Sua vida então se orientou no sentido de lutar para que germinasse o movimento psicanalítico em nosso país. Formado em 1924, Durval Marcondes começou a clinicar e viu confirmados, na prática, os primeiros achados da psicanálise da época. Em 1927, organizou o primeiro grupo de estudos de psicanálise. Neste mesmo ano, fundou-se a primeira Sociedade Brasileira de Psicanálise, com a satisfação de Freud, que a ela se referiu em carta a Ferenczi, de 4 de janeiro de 1928. Em 1928, Durval Marcondes foi ao Rio de Janeiro para lá organizar a Sociedade Brasileira de Psicanálise. Deste primeiro grupo, o único a persistir em seu interesse pela psicanálise foi Durval Marcondes. A primeira Sociedade Brasileira de Psicanálise foi reconhecida pela ipa em 1929. Esta Sociedade, que durou alguns anos e depois veio a desaparecer, chamou a atenção para a psicanálise em nosso meio, além de nos colocar em contato com o meio psicanalítico internacional. Paralelamente, Durval Marcondes trabalhava pela psicanálise, difundindo-a através de cursos, artigos para a imprensa e pela publicação, em português, de um trabalho de Freud, cuja tradução empreendeu juntamente com J. B. Correia. Acima de tudo, Durval Marcondes desejava que viessem analistas didatas para o Brasil, a fim de formarem devidamente nossos analistas, nos moldes exigidos pela ipa. Finalmente, em 1937, a doutora Adelheid Koch chegou a São Paulo e logo iniciou a preparação técnica de nossos candidatos para a análise. Fundou-se então a segunda Sociedade Brasileira de Psicanálise, graças aos esforços de Durval Marcondes e Adelheid Koch. Dessa forma, é São Paulo, historicamente, o centro pioneiro da formação sistemática de analistas na América Latina. Adelheid Koch, formada em Medicina pela Universidade de Berlim e membro da Sociedade Psicanalítica da mesma cidade, obtivera em 1936 o direito de trabalhar como analista didata no Brasil. Tal direito lhe fora conferido pelos doutores Jones e Fenichel. Durante anos foi ela a única analista professora, formando a geração de analistas que viria depois. Durval Marcondes foi um de seus primeiros candidatos. Em 1944, por intermédio da doutora Koch, a nova Sociedade Brasileira de Psicanálise foi reconhecida provisoriamente pela ipa. Seu reconhecimento em caráter definitivo deu-se em 1951, por ocasião do Congresso Psicanalítico Internacional realizado em Amsterdam. Hoje a psicanálise é estudada em várias de nossas escolas superiores, como na Escola de Sociologia e Política e em faculdades de medicina. Nessas notas, restringimo-nos apenas às figuras de Durval Marcondes e Adelheid Koch, pela sua obra pioneira e pelo muito que São Paulo lhes deve.

The author writes about the introduction of psychoanalysis in Sao Paulo, which was the first South American city to welcome it. We were introduced to psychoanalysis by Prof. Franco da Rocha (the precursor) and Durval Marcondes (the achiever). Franco da Rocha, who was a professor of psychiatry in the Medical School of Sao Paulo, in 1919 taught a class in which he emphasized the importance of Freud’s ideas. Durval Marcondes, who was a student in his first years of medical school, was informed about that class, and immediately became enchanted by those newly presented ideas. Since then, Marcondes’ life was devoted to fighting for a psychoanalytic movement to emerge in our country. Graduated from medical school in 1924, Durval Marcondes started his practice, which confirmed the first psychoanalytic findings at that time. In 1927, he organized the first psychoanalytic study group. In that same year, the first Brazilian Psychoanalytic Society was founded, with Freud’s satisfaction. Freud would have mentioned that foundation in a letter he wrote to Ferenczi on the 4th of January, 1928. In 1928, Durval Marcondes went to Rio de Janeiro in order to organize the Brazilian Psychoanalytic Society there. He was the only one (within that group) who kept his interest in psychoanalysis. The first Brazilian Psychoanalytic Society was recognized by IPA in 1929. That society, which lasted some years, drew attention to psychoanalysis in our environment, besides putting us in touch with the international psychoanalytic environment. Meanwhile, Durval Marcondes was working on behalf of psychoanalysis, by spreading those theories through classes, articles for newspapers and journals, and through publishing a Portuguese translation of a Freud’s work. Durval Marcondes and J. B. Correia worked together in that translation. First and foremost, Durval Marcondes wanted didact psychoanalysts to come to Brazil in order to duly train our psychoanalyst as required by IPA. Finally, in 1937, Adelheid Koch arrived in Sao Paulo, and soon started providing a technical training in psychoanalysis to our candidates. The second Brazilian Psychoanalytic Society was founded, therefore, because of Durval Marcondes’ and Adelheid Koch’s efforts. Sao Paulo has historically been the pioneer center of systematic psychoanalytic training in Latin America. Adelheid Koch, who had received her medical degree from the University of Berlin, and was a member of the Psychoanalytic Society of Berlin, had obtained, in 1936, from Jones and Fenichel, the right of working as a didact analyst in Brazil. She was the only professor analyst for years; she trained all the following generation of psychoanalysts. Durval Marcondes was one of her first candidates. In 1944, the new Brazilian Psychoanalytic Society was temporarily recognized by IPA through Koch’s work. The ne Brazilian Psychoanalytic Society was definitely recognized in 1951 at the International Psychoanalytic Congress in Amsterdam. Psychoanalysis today has been studied in different courses in colleges, such as politics and sociology schools and medical schools. In this paper, we kept focused on Durval Marcondes and Adelheid Koch because of their work and all their important legacy to Sao Paulo.

El presente trabajo hace referencia a la introducción del psicoanálisis en São Paulo, la primera ciudad sudamericana que lo recibió. Quienes lo introdujeron fueron el profesor Franco da Rocha, precursor, y Durval Marcondes, realizador. El primero, profesor de psiquiatría de la Facultad de Medicina de São Paulo, en 1919 impartió una clase en la que resaltaba la importancia de las ideas de Freud. Durval Marcondes, quien iniciaba su curso médico, tuvo conocimiento de esta clase y de inmediato se apasionó por las nuevas ideas que fueron presentadas. A partir de entonces su vida se orientó en el sentido de luchar para que el movimiento psicoanalítico germinara en nuestro país. Graduado en 1924, Durval Marcondes comenzó a ejercer la medicina y pudo confirmar, en la práctica, los primeros hallazgos del psicoanálisis de la época. En 1927 organizó el primer grupo de estudios de psicoanálisis. En este mismo año se fundó la primera Sociedad Brasileña de Psicoanálisis, con la satisfacción de Freud, que se refirió a ella en una carta enviada a Ferenczi, el 4 de enero de 1928. En 1928, Durval Marcondes fue a Rio de Janeiro para organizar la Sociedad Brasileña de Psicoanálisis. De este primer grupo, el único que persistió en su interés por el psicoanálisis fue Durval Marcondes. La primera Sociedad Brasileña de Psicoanálisis fue reconocida en 1929 por la IPA. Esta Sociedad, que estuvo activa durante algunos años y después desapareció, llamó la atención hacia el psicoanálisis en nuestro medio, además de ponernos en contacto con el medio psicoanalítico internacional. Paralelamente Durval Marcondes trabajaba por el psicoanálisis, difundiéndolo a través de cursos, artículos de prensa y con la publicación, en portugués, de un trabajo de Freud, cuya traducción llevó a cabo junto con J. B. Correia. Sobre todo, Durval Marcondes deseaba que analistas capacitados vinieran a Brasil, para preparar debidamente a nuestros analistas en los estándares exigidos por la IPA. Finalmente, en 1937, la doctora Adelheid Koch llegó a São Paulo y enseguida comenzó la preparación técnica de nuestros candidatos para el análisis. Se fundó entonces la segunda Sociedad Brasileña de Psicoanálisis, gracias al esfuerzo de Durval Marcondes y Adelheid Koch. De esta forma, São Paulo es, históricamente, el centro pionero de formación sistemática de analistas en América Latina. Adelheid Koch, graduada de medicina en la Universidad de Berlín y miembro de la Sociedad Psicoanalítica de la misma ciudad, obtuvo en 1936 el derecho de trabajar como analista didáctica en Brasil. Este derecho le fue concedido por los doctores Jones y Fenichel. Durante años ella fue la única analista profesora, formando a la generación de analistas que llegaría después. Durval Marcondes fue uno de sus primeros candidatos. En 1944, a través de la doctora Koch, la nueva Sociedad Brasileña de Psicoanálisis fue reconocida provisionalmente por la IPA. Su reconocimiento con carácter definitivo tuvo lugar en 1951, con motivo del Congreso Psicoanalítico Internacional realizado en Ámsterdam. Actualmente el psicoanálisis se estudia en varias de nuestras escuelas superiores, como en la Escuela de Sociología y Política y en facultades de medicina. En estas notas, nos restringimos solo a las figuras de Durval Marcondes y Adelheid Koch, por su obra pionera y por lo mucho que São Paulo les debe.

De Berggasse à Villa Nova: uma aventura vienense na Pauliceia desvairada / From Berggasse to Villa Nova: a viennese adventure in frantic Pauliceia / De Berggasse a Villa Nova: una aventura vienense en la metrópolis paulista desvariada

Esse trabalho, baseado em resultados ainda parciais de uma pesquisa que vem sendo realizada no acervo da Divisão de Documentação e Pesquisa da História da Psicanálise da SBPSP, procura acompanhar as trajetórias de Durval Marcondes e Adelheid Koch focando especialmente o período em que desenvolveram sua luta pela construção da Sociedade Brasileira de Psicanálise, partindo do levantamento das raízes familiares e sociais desses dois personagens...

This paper, based on still partial results of a research taking place at SBPSP's Division of Documentation and Research on the History of Psychoanalysis collection aims to follow the trajectories of Durval Marcondes and Adelheid Koch focusing especially on the period in which they developed their struggle for the construction of the Brazilian Psychoanalytic Society, based on the survey of family and social roots of these two characters...

El presente trabajo está basado en resultados parciales de una investigación que está en curso actualmente en el acervo de la División de Documentación e Investigación de la Historia del Psicoanálisis de la SBPSP. Expone las trayectorias de Durval Marcondes y Adelheid Koch, partiendo de una investigación de sus raíces familiares y sociales, para luego focalizar en especial el periodo en que lucharon para la construcción de la Sociedad Brasileña de Psicoanálisis de San Pablo...

De Berggasse à Villa Nova: uma aventura vienense na Pauliceia desvairada / From Berggasse to Villa Nova: a viennese adventure in frantic Pauliceia / De Berggasse a Villa Nova: una aventura vienense en la metrópolis paulista desvariada

Esse trabalho, baseado em resultados ainda parciais de uma pesquisa que vem sendo realizada no acervo da Divisão de Documentação e Pesquisa da História da Psicanálise da SBPSP, procura acompanhar as trajetórias de Durval Marcondes e Adelheid Koch focando especialmente o período em que desenvolveram sua luta pela construção da Sociedade Brasileira de Psicanálise, partindo do levantamento das raízes familiares e sociais desses dois personagens.(AU)

This paper, based on still partial results of a research taking place at SBPSP's Division of Documentation and Research on the History of Psychoanalysis collection aims to follow the trajectories of Durval Marcondes and Adelheid Koch focusing especially on the period in which they developed their struggle for the construction of the Brazilian Psychoanalytic Society, based on the survey of family and social roots of these two characters.(AU)

El presente trabajo está basado en resultados parciales de una investigación que está en curso actualmente en el acervo de la División de Documentación e Investigación de la Historia del Psicoanálisis de la SBPSP. Expone las trayectorias de Durval Marcondes y Adelheid Koch, partiendo de una investigación de sus raíces familiares y sociales, para luego focalizar en especial el periodo en que lucharon para la construcción de la Sociedad Brasileña de Psicoanálisis de San Pablo.(AU)

Notas para a história da psicanálise em São Paulo / Notes on the history of psychoanalysis in São Paulo / Notas para la historia del psicoanálisis en São Paulo

O presente trabalho refere-se à introdução da Psicanálise em São Paulo, a primeira cidade sul-americana a recebê-la. Neste esboço que tracei em grandes linhas, coloquei em primeiro plano as figuras dos pioneiros da Psicanálise no Brasil: Durval Marcondes e Adelheid Koch. Ambos terão seus nomes indelevelmente gravados na história da Psicanálise brasileira, o primeiro como pioneiro no movimento psicanalítico do país, a segunda como pioneira do ensino da Psicanálise entre nós e na América Latina.

The present paper describes the arrival of Psychoanalysis in São Paulo, the first South American city where it was introduced. In this article, in broad lines, I initially present the pioneers of Psychoanalysis en Brazil: Durval Marcondes and Adelheid Koch. Both of them will have their names permanently engraved in the history of Brazilian Psychoanalysis, the first one as the pioneer of psychoanalytic movement in the country and the latter as pioneer in psychoanalytic training amongst us and in Latin America as a whole.

El presente trabajo se refiere a la introducción del Psicoanálisis en São Paulo, la primera ciudad suramericana en recibirlo. Este bosquejo trazado en grandes líneas coloca en primer plano las figuras de Durval Marcondes y Adelaide Koch. Ambos tendrán sus nombres indeleblemente grabados en la historia del psicoanálisis brasileño, el primero como pionero del movimiento psicoanalítico en el país, la segunda como pionera de la enseñanza del psicoanálisis entre nosotros y en Latinoamérica.

Responsabilidade civil do radiologista no diagnóstico do câncer de mama através do exame de mamografia / Civil liability of the radiologist in the diagnosis of breast cancer through mammography

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a responsabilidade civil por erro médico no que tange, especificamente, à conduta do radiologista no diagnóstico do câncer através do exame mamográfico. Foram analisadas, para exemplificar, decisões judiciais com o objetivo de mostrar o entendimento dos tribunais nacionais, dentre eles, o Supremo Tribunal Federal, a quem compete revisar, em grau de recurso, as decisões judiciais que afrontam a Constituição Federal, bem como o Superior Tribunal de Justiça, que tem a competência de julgar em grau de recurso as decisões violadoras das leis federais. O material utilizado demonstra a visão dos tribunais acerca do tema objeto desta pesquisa, revelando as consequências do erro do médico radiologista e dos serviços de radiologia no âmbito do direito civil, que possui a indenização monetária como consequência da existência de responsabilidade civil. Ou seja, o dever de indenizar decorre da constatação da existência da responsabilidade civil. Assim, afastada a responsabilidade civil, fica afastado o dever de indenizar. Indenização não se confunde com a responsabilidade civil, esta é fundamento daquela.

The present study was aimed at analyzing civil liability for medical errors specifically for a radiologist's errors in the mammographic diagnosis of breast cancer. As examples, Court decisions were analyzed with the aim of showing the understanding of the Brazilian Courts of Law, among them the Supreme Federal Court that is responsible for reviewing, on appeal, judicial decisions affronting the Brazilian Constitution, as well as the Superior Court of Justice, that is competent to judge on appeals against decisions violating Federal Laws. The reviewed material demonstrates the Courts' view on the subject discussed on the present article, describing the consequences of radiologists' and radiological centers' errors in the sphere of the civil law that establishes monetary indemnity as a consequence of the existence of civil liability. That is to say that the duty to indemnify arises from the testifying of the existence of civil liability. Thus, once the civil liability is removed, the duty to indemnify comes to an end. Indemnity should not be confused with civil liability; the latter is the foundation of the former.